In face of the rising cost for higher education,fields of graduate study that are favored by students are those that（）A、offer greater professional satisfactionB、make graduates more easily employedC、offer easy enrollmentD、offer more rewarding jobs in terms
题目
In face of the rising cost for higher education,fields of graduate study that are favored by students are those that（）
- A、offer greater professional satisfaction
- B、make graduates more easily employed
- C、offer easy enrollment
- D、offer more rewarding jobs in terms of payment
相似考题
更多“In face of the rising cost for higher education,fields of graduate study that are favored by students are those that（）A、offer greater professional satisfactionB、make graduates more easily employedC、offer easy enrollmentD、offer more rewarding jobs in terms”相关问题
-
第1题：
A fair comparison of your offer with()of other suppliers shows that their figures are more favorable.A、what
B、which
C、this
D、that
参考答案：D
-
第2题：
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Online learning is also called distance education, which helps students who take classes by computer over the Internet to learn certain courses and earn a degree. And it has become more and more popular with both young people and educational institutions.
The School of Continuing and Professional Studies of New York University in Manhattan began online classes in 1992. Its Virtual School has taught more than 10,000 students from across the United States and other countries.
Last year，the school launched NYU Online. It offers NYU's first online Programs for a bachelor's degree. Programs are offered in three areas; leadership And management, information systems management and social sciences. The classes are highly interactive where students communicate with each other and their teachers. Some classes require students to log in at the same time so they can attend live lectures by a professor Students can also ask questions and work together on team projects.
The cost to attend NYU Online depends on how many classes a student is to take It costs as much as fifteen thousand dollars a year. NYU offers no financial aid for international students in this program. If you are interested in the program, you can gel more details at the website: www..nyu.edu. Many other schools, too, offer online education. Students should be especially careful of programs that offer a degree in return for little or no work. These are known as diploma mills, and are illegal in the United States.
Educational advisers also say that before you enter any program, make sure the work will be recognized in your country. You should also make sure the schools you are considering are officially approved.
26. The third paragraph is mainly about the __ of the programs of the School.
A. academic goal and system
B. courses and learning mode
C. learning methods and classes
D. courses and requirements
正确答案：B
-
第3题：
Governments are keen on higher eclucation,seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth.Almost all subsidise tuition-in America,to the tune of$200bn a year.But they tend to overestimate the benefits and ignore the costs of expanding university education.Often,public money just feeds the arms race for qualifications.As more young people seek degrees,the returns both to them and to governments are lower.Employers demand degrees for jobs that never required them in the past and have not become more demanding since.Spending on universities is usually justified by the"graduate premium"-the increase in earnings that graduates enjoy over non-graduates.These individual gains,the thinking goes,add up to an economic boost for society as a whole.But the graduate premium is a flawed unit of reckoning.Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate jobseeker an advantage at the expense of non-graduates.It is also a signal to employers of general qualities that someone already has in order to get into a university.Some professions require qualifications.But a degree is not always the best measure of the skills and knowledge needed for a job.With degrees so common,recruiters are using them as a crude way to screen applicants.Non-graduates are thus increasingly locked out of decent work.In any case,the premium counts only the winners and not the losers.Across the rich world,a third of university entrants never graduate.It is the weakest students who are drawn in as higher education expands ancl who are most likely LO drop out.They pay fees and sacrifice earnings to study,but see little boost iii thcir future incomes.When dropouts are includecl,the expected financial return to starting a degree for the weakest studcnts dwindles to almost nothing.Governments need to offer the young a wider range of options after school.They should start by rethinking their own hiring practices.Most insist on degrees for public-sector jobs that used to be done by non-graduates.Instead they should seek other ways for non-graduates to prove they have the right skills and to get more on-the-job training.School-Ieavers should be given a wider variety o:[ways to gain vocational skills and to demonstrate their employability in the private sector.lf school qualifications were made more rigorous,recruiters would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability.and less insistent on degrees."Micro-credentials"-short,work-focused courses approved by big employers in fast-growing fields,such as IT-show promise.Such measures would be more efficient at developing the skills that boost productivity and should save public money.To promote social mobility,governments should direct funds to early-school education and to helping students who would benefit from university but cannot afford it.Young people,both rich and poor,are ill-served by the academic arms race,in which each must study longer because that is what all the rest are doing.It is time to disarm.
Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 4?A.Universities should prove their value to the public.
B.Dropout raies will fall as higher education expands.
C.It's unwise to draw the weakest students into higher education.
D.It's time for universities to lower the graduation requirements.答案：C解析：第四段③句指出“高等教育的扩张吸纳的是那些最弱的学生，也是最有可能辍学的学生”，④⑤句进一步指出“这些学生付出巨大，却几乎看不到未来收入的增长；如果考虑到其中的辍学者，则让这部分学生上大学所能获得的收益几乎为零”。可见C.是对这些信息的概括推理。[解题技巧]A.利用④⑤句干扰，但该内容意在强调“对最弱的学生来说，上大学的价值并不大”，并非在说明“大学本身的价值受到质疑”，更未提到“大学需要证明其价值”。B.与③句相悖：由“被高等教育扩张所拉入的是那些最弱的学生，而这部分学生最有可能辍学”可推知“高等教育的扩张更有可能造成辍学率的增加”。D.对②句过度推导，“三分之一的大学入学者无法毕业”并不能说明“大学应降低对毕业的要求”，且由下文可知，其根源是“高等教育的扩张”．而非“毕业要求过高”。 -
第4题：
Governments are keen on higher eclucation,seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth.Almost all subsidise tuition-in America,to the tune of$200bn a year.But they tend to overestimate the benefits and ignore the costs of expanding university education.Often,public money just feeds the arms race for qualifications.As more young people seek degrees,the returns both to them and to governments are lower.Employers demand degrees for jobs that never required them in the past and have not become more demanding since.Spending on universities is usually justified by the"graduate premium"-the increase in earnings that graduates enjoy over non-graduates.These individual gains,the thinking goes,add up to an economic boost for society as a whole.But the graduate premium is a flawed unit of reckoning.Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate jobseeker an advantage at the expense of non-graduates.It is also a signal to employers of general qualities that someone already has in order to get into a university.Some professions require qualifications.But a degree is not always the best measure of the skills and knowledge needed for a job.With degrees so common,recruiters are using them as a crude way to screen applicants.Non-graduates are thus increasingly locked out of decent work.In any case,the premium counts only the winners and not the losers.Across the rich world,a third of university entrants never graduate.It is the weakest students who are drawn in as higher education expands ancl who are most likely LO drop out.They pay fees and sacrifice earnings to study,but see little boost iii thcir future incomes.When dropouts are includecl,the expected financial return to starting a degree for the weakest studcnts dwindles to almost nothing.Governments need to offer the young a wider range of options after school.They should start by rethinking their own hiring practices.Most insist on degrees for public-sector jobs that used to be done by non-graduates.Instead they should seek other ways for non-graduates to prove they have the right skills and to get more on-the-job training.School-Ieavers should be given a wider variety o:[ways to gain vocational skills and to demonstrate their employability in the private sector.lf school qualifications were made more rigorous,recruiters would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability.and less insistent on degrees."Micro-credentials"-short,work-focused courses approved by big employers in fast-growing fields,such as IT-show promise.Such measures would be more efficient at developing the skills that boost productivity and should save public money.To promote social mobility,governments should direct funds to early-school education and to helping students who would benefit from university but cannot afford it.Young people,both rich and poor,are ill-served by the academic arms race,in which each must study longer because that is what all the rest are doing.It is time to disarm.
The author suggests that governments shouldA.encourage youngsters to work in the private sector.
B.make university degrees more rigorous.
C.invest heavily in fast-growing fields.
D.provide schooIPleavers with more ways to learn.答案：D解析：第五段①句指出，政府应给走出校门的年轻人提供更广泛的选择，④句指出政府应寻求其他途径，让非毕业生能证明自己并获得更多在职培训。第六段①句进一步指出，应给中学毕业生提供更多途径，使其获得职业技能、证明自己在私营部门就职的能力。概括可知D.正确。[解题技巧]A.对第六段①句断章取义，该句意为“给中学毕业生提供证明其在私营部门工作能力的机会”，而非“鼓励毕业生在私营部门工作”。B.错误理解第六段②句，该内容指“学校证书（school qualifications指中学或职业学校的证书）应该更严格”，并非“大学学位（university degrees）应该更严格”。C.错误理解第六段③句，该内容并非指应对快速发展的领域“加大投入”，而是“设立微证书”。 -
第5题：
Text 3 There are plenty of good reasons for a young person to choose to go to university:intellectual growth,career opportunities,having fun.Governments are keen on higher education,seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth.But they tend to overestimate the benefits and ignore the costs of expanding university education.As more young people seek degrees,the returns both to them and to governments are lower.Employers demand degrees for jobs that never required them in the past and have not become more demanding since.In a desperate attempt to stand out,students are studying even longer,and delaying work,to obtain master's degrees.Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate jobseeker an advantage at the expense of non-graduates.It is also a signal to employers of general qualities,such as intelligence and diligence,which someone already has in order to get into a universiry.Some professions require qualifications.But a degree is not always the best measure of the skills and knowledge needed for a job.With degrees so common,recruiters are using them as a crude way to screen applicants.Non-graduates are thus increasingly locked out of decent work.In any case,the premium counts only the winners and not the losers.Across the rich world,a third of university entrants never graduate.It is the weakest students who are drawn in as higher education expands and who are most likely to drop out.They pay fees and sacrifice earnings to study,but see little boost in their future incomes.Many school-leavers are being misled about the probable value of universitty.Governments need to offer the young a wider range of options afier school.They should start by rethinking their own hiring practices.School-leavers should be given a wider variety of ways to gain vocational skills and to demonstrate their employability in the private sector.Ifschool qualifications were made more rigorous,recruiters would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability,and less insistent on degrees.Such measures would be more efficient at developing the skills that boost productvity and should save public money.To promote social mobility,govemments would do better to direct funds to early-school education and to helping students who would benefit from university but cannot afford it.Young people,both rich and poor,are ill-served by the arms race in academic qualifications,in which each must study longer because that is what all the rest are doing.It is time to disarm.
Which ofthe following is the best title for the text?A.Non-graduates'Dilemma in Job-seeking
B.Measures to Improve Employment Rate
C.Time to End the Academic Arms Race
D.Higher-education Means Decent Work答案：C解析：主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了高等教育规模逐步扩大，但所带来的益处却不断减少，毕业生需要其他选择，故C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】文章并没有特别讲述未受高等教育的人找工作时的困境，A项错误；B项“提高就业率的措施”与本文主旨无关；D项“高等教育意味着体面的工作”与本文所述事实相反。故均排除。 -
第6题：
Text 3 There are plenty of good reasons for a young person to choose to go to university:intellectual growth,career opportunities,having fun.Governments are keen on higher education,seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth.But they tend to overestimate the benefits and ignore the costs of expanding university education.As more young people seek degrees,the returns both to them and to governments are lower.Employers demand degrees for jobs that never required them in the past and have not become more demanding since.In a desperate attempt to stand out,students are studying even longer,and delaying work,to obtain master's degrees.Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate jobseeker an advantage at the expense of non-graduates.It is also a signal to employers of general qualities,such as intelligence and diligence,which someone already has in order to get into a universiry.Some professions require qualifications.But a degree is not always the best measure of the skills and knowledge needed for a job.With degrees so common,recruiters are using them as a crude way to screen applicants.Non-graduates are thus increasingly locked out of decent work.In any case,the premium counts only the winners and not the losers.Across the rich world,a third of university entrants never graduate.It is the weakest students who are drawn in as higher education expands and who are most likely to drop out.They pay fees and sacrifice earnings to study,but see little boost in their future incomes.Many school-leavers are being misled about the probable value of universitty.Governments need to offer the young a wider range of options afier school.They should start by rethinking their own hiring practices.School-leavers should be given a wider variety of ways to gain vocational skills and to demonstrate their employability in the private sector.Ifschool qualifications were made more rigorous,recruiters would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability,and less insistent on degrees.Such measures would be more efficient at developing the skills that boost productvity and should save public money.To promote social mobility,govemments would do better to direct funds to early-school education and to helping students who would benefit from university but cannot afford it.Young people,both rich and poor,are ill-served by the arms race in academic qualifications,in which each must study longer because that is what all the rest are doing.It is time to disarm.Students are studying longer to______A.get master's degree
B.make themselves noticeable
C.find a decent work
D.obtain higher retums答案：A解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第二段。该段指出，为了能脱颖而出，学生们拼尽全力，通过进一步延长学习时间、推迟工作来获得硕士学位。由此可知，只有获得了硕士学位才有可能脱颖而出，所以他们延长学习时间，故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】由以上分析可知，C项“找到一份体面的工作”和D项“得到更高的回报”原文均未提及；B项过于抽象，引人注目是在获得硕士学位之后。故均排除。 -
第7题：
Text 3 There are plenty of good reasons for a young person to choose to go to university:intellectual growth,career opportunities,having fun.Governments are keen on higher education,seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth.But they tend to overestimate the benefits and ignore the costs of expanding university education.As more young people seek degrees,the returns both to them and to governments are lower.Employers demand degrees for jobs that never required them in the past and have not become more demanding since.In a desperate attempt to stand out,students are studying even longer,and delaying work,to obtain master's degrees.Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate jobseeker an advantage at the expense of non-graduates.It is also a signal to employers of general qualities,such as intelligence and diligence,which someone already has in order to get into a universiry.Some professions require qualifications.But a degree is not always the best measure of the skills and knowledge needed for a job.With degrees so common,recruiters are using them as a crude way to screen applicants.Non-graduates are thus increasingly locked out of decent work.In any case,the premium counts only the winners and not the losers.Across the rich world,a third of university entrants never graduate.It is the weakest students who are drawn in as higher education expands and who are most likely to drop out.They pay fees and sacrifice earnings to study,but see little boost in their future incomes.Many school-leavers are being misled about the probable value of universitty.Governments need to offer the young a wider range of options afier school.They should start by rethinking their own hiring practices.School-leavers should be given a wider variety of ways to gain vocational skills and to demonstrate their employability in the private sector.Ifschool qualifications were made more rigorous,recruiters would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability,and less insistent on degrees.Such measures would be more efficient at developing the skills that boost productvity and should save public money.To promote social mobility,govemments would do better to direct funds to early-school education and to helping students who would benefit from university but cannot afford it.Young people,both rich and poor,are ill-served by the arms race in academic qualifications,in which each must study longer because that is what all the rest are doing.It is time to disarm.
Non-graduates have little access to decent works because_____A.a degree is the best measure of employability
B.applicants with degrees are common
C.a degree is necessary for recruiters generally
D.applicants without degrees are locked out of works答案：C解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第三段。该段指出，随着学位变得越来越常见，招聘人员把学位作为筛选求职者的一种简单粗暴的方法。结果，非大学毕业生越来越多地被那些体面的工作拒之门外，故C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】第三段第四句提到，但学位并不总是衡量工作所需技能和知识的最佳标准，A项“学位是衡量就业能力的最佳标准”错误；B项“有学位的求职者很普遍”符合原文，但不是造成这一现象的真正原因；D项“没有学位的求职者被工作拒之门外”过于绝对，且不能作为原因。故均排除。 -
第8题：
public and private colleges and universities and community colleges offer（）.
A"continuing education"programs of associate degrees
Bgraduate studies professional training
Cprofessional training
DAll of the above
D
略 -
第9题：
public and private colleges and universities and community colleges offer（）.
- A、"continuing education"programs of associate degrees
- B、graduate studies professional training
- C、professional training
- D、All of the above
正确答案:D -
第10题：
单选题In this passage, the author tells us _____.Ahow to make the workers more productive
Bimpossible factors leading to greater efficiency
Cto what extent more money leads to greater productivity
Dhow to make workers’ jobs more interesting
正确答案： C解析：
综观全文，这是一篇如何使工人更加有效地工作的文章，因此A项为正确答案。B项明显是错误的。而C和D两项仅是文章部分段落的中心思想，不是全文的中心思想。 -
第11题：
单选题Those freshmen hope to offer some part-time jobs to support themselves financially.AThose freshmen
Boffer
Cpart-time jobs
Dsupport themselves
正确答案： A解析： -
第12题：
单选题The most effective way to regain students’ mental health is that______.Acounselors hold mental-health screening sessions more frequently.
Bcampuses offer more online services to keep students’ privacy.
Coutreach programs are created by students themselves.
Dneuroscience majors found more associations in psychological aspect.
正确答案： D解析：
推理判断题。由题干信息The most effective way可定位至最后一段。本段第一句…the most effective outreach programs are those led by students themselves.可知C正确；A、B、D所提到的都是解决大学生心理健康问题的有效方法，但与题意不符，故排除。 -
第13题：
make sb an offer(英译中)参考答案：向某人报盘
-
第14题：
Governments are keen on higher eclucation,seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth.Almost all subsidise tuition-in America,to the tune of$200bn a year.But they tend to overestimate the benefits and ignore the costs of expanding university education.Often,public money just feeds the arms race for qualifications.As more young people seek degrees,the returns both to them and to governments are lower.Employers demand degrees for jobs that never required them in the past and have not become more demanding since.Spending on universities is usually justified by the"graduate premium"-the increase in earnings that graduates enjoy over non-graduates.These individual gains,the thinking goes,add up to an economic boost for society as a whole.But the graduate premium is a flawed unit of reckoning.Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate jobseeker an advantage at the expense of non-graduates.It is also a signal to employers of general qualities that someone already has in order to get into a university.Some professions require qualifications.But a degree is not always the best measure of the skills and knowledge needed for a job.With degrees so common,recruiters are using them as a crude way to screen applicants.Non-graduates are thus increasingly locked out of decent work.In any case,the premium counts only the winners and not the losers.Across the rich world,a third of university entrants never graduate.It is the weakest students who are drawn in as higher education expands ancl who are most likely LO drop out.They pay fees and sacrifice earnings to study,but see little boost iii thcir future incomes.When dropouts are includecl,the expected financial return to starting a degree for the weakest studcnts dwindles to almost nothing.Governments need to offer the young a wider range of options after school.They should start by rethinking their own hiring practices.Most insist on degrees for public-sector jobs that used to be done by non-graduates.Instead they should seek other ways for non-graduates to prove they have the right skills and to get more on-the-job training.School-Ieavers should be given a wider variety o:[ways to gain vocational skills and to demonstrate their employability in the private sector.lf school qualifications were made more rigorous,recruiters would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability.and less insistent on degrees."Micro-credentials"-short,work-focused courses approved by big employers in fast-growing fields,such as IT-show promise.Such measures would be more efficient at developing the skills that boost productivity and should save public money.To promote social mobility,governments should direct funds to early-school education and to helping students who would benefit from university but cannot afford it.Young people,both rich and poor,are ill-served by the academic arms race,in which each must study longer because that is what all the rest are doing.It is time to disarm.
The underlined sentence（Para.3）most probably means thatA.the value of university education is not limited to income increases.
B.university education could barely improve students'general qualities,
C.a college degree is not always a guarantee of professional knowledge.
D.spending on universities does not necessarily boost economic growth.答案：D解析：第三段①②句介绍一种观点：投资大学教育能获得毕业生溢价（大学学位可带来更高收入），其合力结果是促进整个社会的经济发展。划线句指出，但毕业生溢价这一计算单位是有缺陷的。下文则指出：学位不一定是衡量工作所需技能和知识的最好方式，而学位普及会使得雇主用其粗暴筛选求职者，非毕业生难以找到体面工作。可见划线句为作者观点的集中体现，批驳前文观点，引领后文论证．D.能实现这一功能，故正确。[解题技巧]A.将第三段①句结合相关认知“大学教育的价值不仅在于获得更高收入”设置干扰，但偏离随后论述。B.将⑤句“雇主观点：学位体现一个人的综合素质”篡改为“作者观点：大学教育不能提高学生的综合素质”。C.为⑦句信息，但该句是在用“学位不一定是专业知识的保证”论证“唯学位论的缺陷”，进而明确作者观点“扩张大学教育并不能促进整个社会的经济发展”（即：⑦句／选项只是用来论证划线句，并非与其同义）。 -
第15题：
Governments are keen on higher eclucation,seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth.Almost all subsidise tuition-in America,to the tune of$200bn a year.But they tend to overestimate the benefits and ignore the costs of expanding university education.Often,public money just feeds the arms race for qualifications.As more young people seek degrees,the returns both to them and to governments are lower.Employers demand degrees for jobs that never required them in the past and have not become more demanding since.Spending on universities is usually justified by the"graduate premium"-the increase in earnings that graduates enjoy over non-graduates.These individual gains,the thinking goes,add up to an economic boost for society as a whole.But the graduate premium is a flawed unit of reckoning.Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate jobseeker an advantage at the expense of non-graduates.It is also a signal to employers of general qualities that someone already has in order to get into a university.Some professions require qualifications.But a degree is not always the best measure of the skills and knowledge needed for a job.With degrees so common,recruiters are using them as a crude way to screen applicants.Non-graduates are thus increasingly locked out of decent work.In any case,the premium counts only the winners and not the losers.Across the rich world,a third of university entrants never graduate.It is the weakest students who are drawn in as higher education expands ancl who are most likely LO drop out.They pay fees and sacrifice earnings to study,but see little boost iii thcir future incomes.When dropouts are includecl,the expected financial return to starting a degree for the weakest studcnts dwindles to almost nothing.Governments need to offer the young a wider range of options after school.They should start by rethinking their own hiring practices.Most insist on degrees for public-sector jobs that used to be done by non-graduates.Instead they should seek other ways for non-graduates to prove they have the right skills and to get more on-the-job training.School-Ieavers should be given a wider variety o:[ways to gain vocational skills and to demonstrate their employability in the private sector.lf school qualifications were made more rigorous,recruiters would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability.and less insistent on degrees."Micro-credentials"-short,work-focused courses approved by big employers in fast-growing fields,such as IT-show promise.Such measures would be more efficient at developing the skills that boost productivity and should save public money.To promote social mobility,governments should direct funds to early-school education and to helping students who would benefit from university but cannot afford it.Young people,both rich and poor,are ill-served by the academic arms race,in which each must study longer because that is what all the rest are doing.It is time to disarm.
Which is the most efficient way to improve the society?A.Setting up vocational training courses in universities.
B.Increasing investment in early-school education.
C.Financing higher education to include both the rich and the poor.
D.Subsidizing students to study longer to achieve academic success.答案：B解析：第七段②句指出，为了促进社会流动，政府应将资金投入到早期学校教育，B.正确。[解题技巧]A.利用第六段①句干扰，但该内容意在强调“为中学毕业生（未上大学者）提供职业培训”，而非强调“在大学设置职业课程”。C.错误理解第七段②句helping students.cannot afford it以及③句both rich and poor.…，该内容强调“应资助那些能从大学中受益、但负担不起的人”以及“无论穷富，年轻人都受困于学历竞赛”，并非“应资助所有人上大学”。且根据本文核心观点“反对一味扩张大学教育”也可排除这一选项。D.与第七段③④句“年轻人被学历上的军备竞赛所困扰，每个人要花费更长时间求学，是时候停止这种竞争了”相悖。 -
第16题：
Governments are keen on higher eclucation,seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth.Almost all subsidise tuition-in America,to the tune of$200bn a year.But they tend to overestimate the benefits and ignore the costs of expanding university education.Often,public money just feeds the arms race for qualifications.As more young people seek degrees,the returns both to them and to governments are lower.Employers demand degrees for jobs that never required them in the past and have not become more demanding since.Spending on universities is usually justified by the"graduate premium"-the increase in earnings that graduates enjoy over non-graduates.These individual gains,the thinking goes,add up to an economic boost for society as a whole.But the graduate premium is a flawed unit of reckoning.Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate jobseeker an advantage at the expense of non-graduates.It is also a signal to employers of general qualities that someone already has in order to get into a university.Some professions require qualifications.But a degree is not always the best measure of the skills and knowledge needed for a job.With degrees so common,recruiters are using them as a crude way to screen applicants.Non-graduates are thus increasingly locked out of decent work.In any case,the premium counts only the winners and not the losers.Across the rich world,a third of university entrants never graduate.It is the weakest students who are drawn in as higher education expands ancl who are most likely LO drop out.They pay fees and sacrifice earnings to study,but see little boost iii thcir future incomes.When dropouts are includecl,the expected financial return to starting a degree for the weakest studcnts dwindles to almost nothing.Governments need to offer the young a wider range of options after school.They should start by rethinking their own hiring practices.Most insist on degrees for public-sector jobs that used to be done by non-graduates.Instead they should seek other ways for non-graduates to prove they have the right skills and to get more on-the-job training.School-Ieavers should be given a wider variety o:[ways to gain vocational skills and to demonstrate their employability in the private sector.lf school qualifications were made more rigorous,recruiters would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability.and less insistent on degrees."Micro-credentials"-short,work-focused courses approved by big employers in fast-growing fields,such as IT-show promise.Such measures would be more efficient at developing the skills that boost productivity and should save public money.To promote social mobility,governments should direct funds to early-school education and to helping students who would benefit from university but cannot afford it.Young people,both rich and poor,are ill-served by the academic arms race,in which each must study longer because that is what all the rest are doing.It is time to disarm.
In the author's opinion,expanding higher educationA.is an effective way to drive social mobility.
B.will not achieve the anticipated effects.
C.will not place a burden on governments.
D.is a timely response to changes in the job market.答案：B解析：第一段前两句指出，政府痴迷于高等教育，认为靠其可以促进社会流动和经济增长。随后作者转而指出政府高估了扩张高等教育带来的收益，却忽略了其代价；很多时候公共资金只不过是砸向了一场学历上的军备竞赛。可见作者认为高等教育扩张难达政府预期，B.正确。[解题技巧]A.将第一段①句“政府观点（扩张高等教育能促进社会流动）”当做“作者观点”，实际上作者否认了政府观点。C.与第一段②③句信息相悖：“各国政府补贴学费的数目巨大、忽视了扩张高等教育的成本”说明“扩张高等教育很可能会对政府造成巨大负担”。D.将第二段信息“高等教育扩张使得雇主对学位的要求越来越高”因果倒置为“扩张高等教育是为了响应就业市场的变化”。 -
第17题：
Text 3 There are plenty of good reasons for a young person to choose to go to university:intellectual growth,career opportunities,having fun.Governments are keen on higher education,seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth.But they tend to overestimate the benefits and ignore the costs of expanding university education.As more young people seek degrees,the returns both to them and to governments are lower.Employers demand degrees for jobs that never required them in the past and have not become more demanding since.In a desperate attempt to stand out,students are studying even longer,and delaying work,to obtain master's degrees.Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate jobseeker an advantage at the expense of non-graduates.It is also a signal to employers of general qualities,such as intelligence and diligence,which someone already has in order to get into a universiry.Some professions require qualifications.But a degree is not always the best measure of the skills and knowledge needed for a job.With degrees so common,recruiters are using them as a crude way to screen applicants.Non-graduates are thus increasingly locked out of decent work.In any case,the premium counts only the winners and not the losers.Across the rich world,a third of university entrants never graduate.It is the weakest students who are drawn in as higher education expands and who are most likely to drop out.They pay fees and sacrifice earnings to study,but see little boost in their future incomes.Many school-leavers are being misled about the probable value of universitty.Governments need to offer the young a wider range of options afier school.They should start by rethinking their own hiring practices.School-leavers should be given a wider variety of ways to gain vocational skills and to demonstrate their employability in the private sector.Ifschool qualifications were made more rigorous,recruiters would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability,and less insistent on degrees.Such measures would be more efficient at developing the skills that boost productvity and should save public money.To promote social mobility,govemments would do better to direct funds to early-school education and to helping students who would benefit from university but cannot afford it.Young people,both rich and poor,are ill-served by the arms race in academic qualifications,in which each must study longer because that is what all the rest are doing.It is time to disarm.Govemments believe that higher education brings about____A.social benefits
B.job opportunities
C.economic development
D.higher incomes答案：C解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第一段。该段指出，政府热衷于高等教育，视之为提高社会流动性和促进经济增长的方式，故C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】由以上分析可知，A项“社会福利”、B项“就业机会”和D项“高收入”，原文均未提及，故排除。 -
第18题：
Text 3 There are plenty of good reasons for a young person to choose to go to university:intellectual growth,career opportunities,having fun.Governments are keen on higher education,seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth.But they tend to overestimate the benefits and ignore the costs of expanding university education.As more young people seek degrees,the returns both to them and to governments are lower.Employers demand degrees for jobs that never required them in the past and have not become more demanding since.In a desperate attempt to stand out,students are studying even longer,and delaying work,to obtain master's degrees.Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate jobseeker an advantage at the expense of non-graduates.It is also a signal to employers of general qualities,such as intelligence and diligence,which someone already has in order to get into a universiry.Some professions require qualifications.But a degree is not always the best measure of the skills and knowledge needed for a job.With degrees so common,recruiters are using them as a crude way to screen applicants.Non-graduates are thus increasingly locked out of decent work.In any case,the premium counts only the winners and not the losers.Across the rich world,a third of university entrants never graduate.It is the weakest students who are drawn in as higher education expands and who are most likely to drop out.They pay fees and sacrifice earnings to study,but see little boost in their future incomes.Many school-leavers are being misled about the probable value of universitty.Governments need to offer the young a wider range of options afier school.They should start by rethinking their own hiring practices.School-leavers should be given a wider variety of ways to gain vocational skills and to demonstrate their employability in the private sector.Ifschool qualifications were made more rigorous,recruiters would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability,and less insistent on degrees.Such measures would be more efficient at developing the skills that boost productvity and should save public money.To promote social mobility,govemments would do better to direct funds to early-school education and to helping students who would benefit from university but cannot afford it.Young people,both rich and poor,are ill-served by the arms race in academic qualifications,in which each must study longer because that is what all the rest are doing.It is time to disarm.
For the weakest students,the value of university is——.A.deceptive
B.overvalued
C.expanded
D.overlooked答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据定位词定位到文章第四段。原文指出，因高等教育扩张而得以入学的是那些能力最弱的学生，而最有可能被退学的也是他们。这些学生支付学费并牺牲工作机会来学习，但这对他们未来的收入鲜有帮助。由此可知，大学的价值在某种程度上被高估了，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】由以上分析可知．A项“骗人的”、C项“被高估了”和D项“被忽视了”均与原文不符，故均排除。 -
第19题：
About 35%of all high school graduates in America continue their education in an institution of higher learning.The word college is used to refer to either a college or a university.These institutions offer four-year programs that lead to a Bachelor of Arts(B.A.)or Bachelor Science(B.S.)degree.Some students attend a junior college(providing only a two-year program)for one to two years before entering a four-year college as a sophomore(二年级生)or junior(三年级生).
It is generally easier to be accepted at a state university than at a private one.Most private schools require strict entrance examinations and a high grade point average(GPA),as well as specific college prep classes in high school.Private schools cost considerably more than state colleges and famous private schools are very expensive.Poorer students can sometimes attend,however,by earning scholarships.Some college graduates go on to earn advanced masters or doctoral degrees in grad(graduate)school.Occupations in certain fields such as law or medicine require such advanced studies.
Since college costs are very high,most students work at part-time jobs.Some have full-time jobs and go to school part-time.Often some will take five or more years to complete a four-year program because of money/job demands on their time.
While the college and work demands take up the great part of a student’s time,most still enjoy social activities.Sports,dances,clubs,movies,and plays are all very popular.However,gathering together for long,philosophical talks at a favorite meeting place on or near the university is probably the most popular activity.
College education is_______in America.A.quite common
B.very rare
C.something difficult
D.almost impossible答案：A解析： -
第20题：
In face of the rising cost for higher education,fields of graduate study that are favored by students are those that（）
Aoffer greater professional satisfaction
Bmake graduates more easily employed
Coffer easy enrollment
Doffer more rewarding jobs in terms of payment
D
略 -
第21题：
单选题Passage 2Everyone knows that English departments are in trouble, but you can't appreciate just how much trouble until you read the new report from the Modern Language Association. The report is about Ph.D. programs, which have been in decline since 2008. These programs have gotten both more difficult and less rewarding: today, it can take almost a decade to get a doctorate, and, at the end of your program, you' re unlikely to find a tenure-track job.The core of the problem is, of course, the job market. The M.L.A. report estimates that only sixty per cent of newly-minted Ph.D.s will find tenure-track jobs after graduation. If anything, that's wildly optimistic: the M.L.A. got to that figure by comparing the number of tenure-track jobs on its job list(around six hundred) with the number of new graduates(about a thousand). But that leaves out the thousands of unemployed graduates from past years who are still job-hunting-not to mention the older professors who didn't receive tenure, and who now find themselves competing with their former students. In all likelihood, the number of jobs per candidate is much smaller than the report suggests. That's why the mood is so dire-why even professors are starting to ask, in the committee's words, Why maintain doctoral study in the modern languages and literatures-or the rest of the humanities-at all?Those trends, in turn, are part of an even larger story having to do with the expansion and transformation of American education after the Second World War. Essentially, colleges grew less elite and more vocational. Before the war, relatively few people went to college. Then, in the nineteen-fifties, the G.I. Bill and, later, the Baby Boom pushed colleges to grow rapidly. When the boom ended, colleges found themselves overextended and competing for students. By the mid-seventies, schools were creating new programs designed to attract a broader range of students-for instance, women and minorities.Those reforms worked: as Nate Silver reported in the Times last summer, about twice as many people attend college per capita now as did forty years ago. But all that expansion changed colleges.In the past, they had catered to elite students who were happy to major in the traditional liberal arts. Now, to attract middle-class students, colleges had to offer more career-focused majors, in fields like business, communications, and health care. As a result, humanities departments have found themselves drifting away from the center of the university. Today, they are often regarded as a kind of institutional luxury, paid for by dynamic, cheap, and growing programs in, say, adult-education. These large demographic facts are contributing to today's job-market crisis: they' re why, while education as a whole is growing, the humanities aren't.Given all this, what can an English department do? The M.L.A. report contains a number of suggestions. Pride of place is given to the idea that grad school should be shorter: Departments should design programs that can be completed in five years.That will probably require changing the dissertation from a draft of an academic book into something shorter and simpler. At the same time, graduate students are encouraged to broaden themselves: to engage more deeply with technology; to pursue unusual and imaginative dissertation projects; to work in more than one discipline; to acquire teaching skills aimed at online and community-college students; and to take workshops on subjects, such as project management and grant writing, which might be of value outside of academia. Graduate programs, the committee suggests, should accept the fact that many of their students will have non-tenured, or even non-academic, careers. They should keep track of what happens to their graduates, so that students who decide to leave academia have a non-academic alumni network to draw upon.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?APh.D. students' imagination tends to be subverted by their dissertation writing.
BMore time should be saved for Ph.D. students to cultivate their professional skills.
CWith the dissertation shortened and simplified, Ph.D. students can afford more time to hunt for job.
DBy adopting M.L.A.'s suggestion, graduate programs should guarantee academic jobs for all graduates.
正确答案： A解析： -
第22题：
问答题LINDA:Linda wants the college to offer better advice on 21 .Students need more information about jobs 22 .She thinks the college should develop closer ties with 23 .She’d like students to raise money for people who are 24 .She wants to improve the facilities in the 25 .DARREN:Darren intends to prevent a rise in the price of 26 .He wants to set up 27 .He thinks students need a centre where they can go for 28 .He criticizes the way the college handles 29 .He’d like to invite a greater variety of 30 .正确答案：
21.careers
22.overseas/ in other countries/ abroad
23.companies and businesses
24.homeless
25.(student) common room
26.hot meals
27.(a) book exchange (throughout the college)
28.advice about various problems
29.accommodation
30.speakers
【录音原文】
Linda: Right, well, my name is Linda Goodyear. And I'd like briefly to tell you why I think you should choose me as your rep. Hmm, these are the things I will try something about, try to improve, or…I mean, do. So I think we all know the careers of advice service needs a bit of improvement, so I'd work to improve that, especially we need more practical advice about getting work experience, not in this country, I mean, overseas. And another thing I think we should press for is a close link with businesses and companies where I can actually go on visits. I think we should try to get around. I mean not ever just locally but all over the midlands. So we actually see a greater variety of ways of doing things, rather than hearing about them. Then, the next thing I think important is something…quite involved with myself. That’s the voluntary work with the homeless. I’d like to get more people here in the college involved either directly or I hope with raising money. And last of all, I’d like to push the college authorities really hard for some new furniture for students’ common room. Thank you very much. Please vote for me.
Darrell: Hi, everybody. I expect you may know my name is Darren Whiting. I really like to be your student rep this year and well, here is what I try to do for you, for us. First, I’ll take on the canteen and try to stop them putting up price of hot meals as they said they will. Then the next thing is, well, I’d organize a book exchange throughout the whole college, like already exists in the maths department, to save money on expensive textbooks that we all have to have, but don’t need for the whole course. Another thing we badly need in this college is a Student Advice Center. We need a place run by students for students where people can drop in and get advice about any sorts of problems, academic or welfare or whatever. We also need to take on the college authorities on the subject of accommodation for students who need it. I mean the situation at the moment is crazy, with no proper system for deciding who gets the accommodation or why. I want to change that. And lastly, I want to get in more speakers from all political backgrounds, and from industry, and so on, to help people more aware of, you know, what’s going on in the world today. Because we’ll all be out there soon, like it or not. Please vote for me. Thanks for your listening.解析： 暂无解析 -
第23题：
单选题In face of the rising cost for higher education,fields of graduate study that are favored by students are those that（）Aoffer greater professional satisfaction
Bmake graduates more easily employed
Coffer easy enrollment
Doffer more rewarding jobs in terms of payment
正确答案： A解析： 暂无解析