Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die

People have smoked cigarettes for a long time now. The tobacco which is used to make cigarettes was first grown in what is now part of the United States. Christopher Columbus, who discovered America, saw the Indians smoking. Soon the dried leaves were transported to Europe. In the late 1800s, the Turks made cigarettes popular.
Cigarette smoke contains at least two harmful substances, tar and nicotine. Tar, which forms as the tobacco bums, damages the lungs and therefore affects breathing. Nicotine, which is found in the leaves, causes the heart to beat faster and increases the breathing rate. Nicotine in large can kill a person by stopping a person′s breathing muscles. Smokers usually take in small amounts that the body can quickly break down.
Nicotine can make new smokers feel dizzy (头晕) or sick to their stomachs. The heart rate for young smokers increases 2 to 3 beats per minute. Nicotine also lowers skin temperature and reduces blood flow in the legs and feet. It plays an important role in increasing smokers′ risk of heart disease and stroke.
Smoking cigarettes is dangerous. Cigarette smoking was the cause of lung cancer and several other deadly diseases.
What′s the main idea of this passage?

A.Where did cigarettes come from?
B.The effect of smoking on your body.
C.How to smoke is healthy?
D.Who is the first smoker?

Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.
Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.
First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .
Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.
What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.

a.smoking rates among youth have declined very little
b.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniors
c.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealth
d.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds

Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.
Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.
First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .
Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.
Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.

a.75 b.23 c.30 d.3000

Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect. But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubled--to $1.01 per pack--smokers have jammed telephone "quit lines" across the country seeking to kick the habit.
This is not a surprise to public health advocates. They've studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase.
The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely.
In Manhattan, for instance, which has the highest tax in the nation, a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost $10.06 at one drug store Wednesday. Charleston, S.C, where the 7-cent-a-pack tax is the lowest in the nation. The price was $4.78.The influence is obvious.
In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys--13.8%, far below the national average. By comparison,26% of high school students smoke in Kentucky, Other low-tax states have similarly depressing teen-smoking records.
Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income Americans "who choose to smoke."
That's true. But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place, as for today's adults, if the new tax drives them to quit, they will have more to spend on their families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better.
Rogers' attitude towards the low-income smokers might be that of_________.

A. tolerance
B. unconcern
C. doubt
D. sympathy

共用题干
Smoke Gets in Your Mind

1.Lung cancer,hypertension,heart disease,birth defects一we are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern一mental illness.According to some controversial new findings,if smoking does not kill you,it may,quite literally,drive you to despair.
2.The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood and soothe anxiety.But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth that smoking may worsen or even trigger anxiety disorders,panic attacks and depression,perhaps even schizophrenia.
3.Cigarettes and mental illness have always tended to go together. An estimated 1.25 billion people smoke worldwide.Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke,and up to 88 percent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are smokers.A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illness.
4.But the big question is why?The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up smoking,or smoke more,to alleviate some of their distress.Even when smoking seems to start before the illness,most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the disorder spark the desire to light up.But perhaps something more sinister is going on.
5.A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause,not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety."We know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health,and now we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness,"says Naomi Breslau,director of research at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit.
6.Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility.The hint came from studies, published in 1998,which followed a group of just over 1.,000 young adults for a five-year period.The 13 percent who began the study with major depression were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study,though there was no evidence that depression increased the tendency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smok-- ing before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depression during the five-year period. Smoking,it seems,could pre-date illness.
7.At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might also make them depressed.But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link,she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were signs that smoking,perhaps the nicotine itself,could somehow affect the brain and cause depression.
8.One of these larger studies was led by Goodman,a pediatrician.She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. The first group of 8,704 adolescents were not depressed,and might or might not have been smokers,while the second group of 6,947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past month.After a year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers,previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour,not the depression itself. What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non一smoking peers.Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens."Current cigarette use is,however,a powerful determinant of developing high depressive symptoms."
9.Breslau,too,finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and three times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than non-smokers.It's a hard message to get across,because many smokers say they become anxious when they quit,not when they smoke.But Breslau says that

The cigarette ads which claim that smoking can help soothe anxiety_______.
A:have been proved to be misleading
B:but to their mental health as well
C:taking up smoking
D:involved fewer people
E:they started to smoke at an early age
F: but their level of anxiety increases when they quit smoking

共用题干
Smoke Gets in Your Mind

1.Lung cancer,hypertension,heart disease,birth defects一we are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern一mental illness.According to some controversial new findings,if smoking does not kill you,it may,quite literally,drive you to despair.
2.The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood and soothe anxiety.But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth that smoking may worsen or even trigger anxiety disorders,panic attacks and depression,perhaps even schizophrenia.
3.Cigarettes and mental illness have always tended to go together. An estimated 1.25 billion people smoke worldwide.Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke,and up to 88 percent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are smokers.A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illness.
4.But the big question is why?The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up smoking,or smoke more,to alleviate some of their distress.Even when smoking seems to start before the illness,most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the disorder spark the desire to light up.But perhaps something more sinister is going on.
5.A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause,not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety."We know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health,and now we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness,"says Naomi Breslau,director of research at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit.
6.Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility.The hint came from studies, published in 1998,which followed a group of just over 1.,000 young adults for a five-year period.The 13 percent who began the study with major depression were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study,though there was no evidence that depression increased the tendency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smok-- ing before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depression during the five-year period. Smoking,it seems,could pre-date illness.
7.At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might also make them depressed.But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link,she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were signs that smoking,perhaps the nicotine itself,could somehow affect the brain and cause depression.
8.One of these larger studies was led by Goodman,a pediatrician.She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. The first group of 8,704 adolescents were not depressed,and might or might not have been smokers,while the second group of 6,947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past month.After a year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers,previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour,not the depression itself. What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non一smoking peers.Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens."Current cigarette use is,however,a powerful determinant of developing high depressive symptoms."
9.Breslau,too,finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and three times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than non-smokers.It's a hard message to get across,because many smokers say they become anxious when they quit,not when they smoke.But Breslau says that

Nowadays many doFtors have become aware that smoking is not only a hazard to people's physical health_______.
A:have been proved to be misleading
B:but to their mental health as well
C:taking up smoking
D:involved fewer people
E:they started to smoke at an early age
F: but their level of anxiety increases when they quit smoking

共用题干
The Dangers of Secondhand Smoke

Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health.Scientific research shows that it
causes many kinds of diseases.In fact,many people who smoke get lung cancer. However,Edward Gilson
has lung cancer,and he has never smoked cigarettes.He lives with his wife Evelyn,who has smoked about
a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage.________(46)
No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. Nevertheless,doctors believe that secondhand
smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke
from other people's cigarettes.________(47)The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about
53,000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.
The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals.In the past,
scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker's health._________(48)They
discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic chemicals in their bodies.As a matter
of fact,almost all of us breathe tobacco smoke at times,whether we realize it or not. For example,we can
not avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants,hotels and other public places.Even though many public places
have nonsmoking areas,smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted.
It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke._________(49)Research shows that chil-
dren who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one
smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are
adults as are children of nonsmokers.The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both
parents smoke.
People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke._________（50)

__________（50）
A:Recently,though,scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.
B:The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.
C:This smoke is called secondhand smoke.
D:However,secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people,old or young.
E:As a result,they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places.
F: In the United States,nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.

People have smoked cigarettes for a long time now. The tobacco which is used to make cigarettes was first grown in what is now part of the United States. Christopher Columbus, who discovered America, saw the Indians smoking. Soon the dried leaves were transported to Europe. In the late 1800s, the Turks made cigarettes popular.
Cigarette smoke contains at least two harmful substances, tar and nicotine. Tar, which forms as the tobacco bums, damages the lungs and therefore affects breathing. Nicotine, which is found in the leaves, causes the heart to beat faster and increases the breathing rate. Nicotine in large can kill a person by stopping a person′s breathing muscles. Smokers usually take in small amounts that the body can quickly break down.
Nicotine can make new smokers feel dizzy (头晕) or sick to their stomachs. The heart rate for young smokers increases 2 to 3 beats per minute. Nicotine also lowers skin temperature and reduces blood flow in the legs and feet. It plays an important role in increasing smokers′ risk of heart disease and stroke.
Smoking cigarettes is dangerous. Cigarette smoking was the cause of lung cancer and several other deadly diseases.
Tobacco first appeared in ___________.

A.Asia
B.Africa
C.Europe
D.America

Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.
Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.
First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .
Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.
According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.

a.traffic accidents
b.smoking-related desease
c.murder
d.all of these

Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect. But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubled--to $1.01 per pack--smokers have jammed telephone "quit lines" across the country seeking to kick the habit.
This is not a surprise to public health advocates. They've studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase.
The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely.
In Manhattan, for instance, which has the highest tax in the nation, a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost $10.06 at one drug store Wednesday. Charleston, S.C, where the 7-cent-a-pack tax is the lowest in the nation. The price was $4.78.The influence is obvious.
In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys--13.8%, far below the national average. By comparison,26% of high school students smoke in Kentucky, Other low-tax states have similarly depressing teen-smoking records.
Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income Americans "who choose to smoke."
That's true. But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place, as for today's adults, if the new tax drives them to quit, they will have more to spend on their families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better.
What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. The new tax will be beneficial in the long run
B. Low-income Americans are more likely to fall ill
C. Future generations will be hooked on smoking
D. Adults will depend more on their families

Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.
Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.
First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .
Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.
The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that _____.

a.NCI has taken effective measures
b.smoking is prevented among high school seniors
c.there are many smokers who have died of cancer
d.none of these

共用题干
Smoke Gets in Your Mind

1.Lung cancer,hypertension,heart disease,birth defects一we are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern一mental illness.According to some controversial new findings,if smoking does not kill you,it may,quite literally,drive you to despair.
2.The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood and soothe anxiety.But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth that smoking may worsen or even trigger anxiety disorders,panic attacks and depression,perhaps even schizophrenia.
3.Cigarettes and mental illness have always tended to go together. An estimated 1.25 billion people smoke worldwide.Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke,and up to 88 percent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are smokers.A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illness.
4.But the big question is why?The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up smoking,or smoke more,to alleviate some of their distress.Even when smoking seems to start before the illness,most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the disorder spark the desire to light up.But perhaps something more sinister is going on.
5.A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause,not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety."We know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health,and now we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness,"says Naomi Breslau,director of research at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit.
6.Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility.The hint came from studies, published in 1998,which followed a group of just over 1.,000 young adults for a five-year period.The 13 percent who began the study with major depression were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study,though there was no evidence that depression increased the tendency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smok-- ing before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depression during the five-year period. Smoking,it seems,could pre-date illness.
7.At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might also make them depressed.But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link,she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were signs that smoking,perhaps the nicotine itself,could somehow affect the brain and cause depression.
8.One of these larger studies was led by Goodman,a pediatrician.She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. The first group of 8,704 adolescents were not depressed,and might or might not have been smokers,while the second group of 6,947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past month.After a year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers,previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour,not the depression itself. What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non一smoking peers.Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens."Current cigarette use is,however,a powerful determinant of developing high depressive symptoms."
9.Breslau,too,finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and three times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than non-smokers.It's a hard message to get across,because many smokers say they become anxious when they quit,not when they smoke.But Breslau says that

Breslau's study________than Goodman's but lasted longer.
A:have been proved to be misleading
B:but to their mental health as well
C:taking up smoking
D:involved fewer people
E:they started to smoke at an early age
F: but their level of anxiety increases when they quit smoking

共用题干
Smoke Gets in Your Mind

1.Lung cancer,hypertension,heart disease,birth defects一we are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern一mental illness.According to some controversial new findings,if smoking does not kill you,it may,quite literally,drive you to despair.
2.The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood and soothe anxiety.But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth that smoking may worsen or even trigger anxiety disorders,panic attacks and depression,perhaps even schizophrenia.
3.Cigarettes and mental illness have always tended to go together. An estimated 1.25 billion people smoke worldwide.Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke,and up to 88 percent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are smokers.A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illness.
4.But the big question is why?The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up smoking,or smoke more,to alleviate some of their distress.Even when smoking seems to start before the illness,most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the disorder spark the desire to light up.But perhaps something more sinister is going on.
5.A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause,not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety."We know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health,and now we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness,"says Naomi Breslau,director of research at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit.
6.Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility.The hint came from studies, published in 1998,which followed a group of just over 1.,000 young adults for a five-year period.The 13 percent who began the study with major depression were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study,though there was no evidence that depression increased the tendency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smok-- ing before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depression during the five-year period. Smoking,it seems,could pre-date illness.
7.At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might also make them depressed.But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link,she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were signs that smoking,perhaps the nicotine itself,could somehow affect the brain and cause depression.
8.One of these larger studies was led by Goodman,a pediatrician.She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. The first group of 8,704 adolescents were not depressed,and might or might not have been smokers,while the second group of 6,947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past month.After a year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers,previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour,not the depression itself. What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non一smoking peers.Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens."Current cigarette use is,however,a powerful determinant of developing high depressive symptoms."
9.Breslau,too,finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and three times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than non-smokers.It's a hard message to get across,because many smokers say they become anxious when they quit,not when they smoke.But Breslau says that

Paragraph 6_______
A:Doubt about the Usual Belief.
B:Researchers' Opinion Divided.
C:Positive Effects of Smoking as Advertised.
D:Close Association Between Depression and Smoking.
E:Breslau's Conclusion Supported by Another Larger Study.
F:Effect of Smoking on Mental Health Initially Proved.

共用题干
Smoke Gets in Your Mind

1.Lung cancer,hypertension,heart disease,birth defects一we are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern一mental illness.According to some controversial new findings,if smoking does not kill you,it may,quite literally,drive you to despair.
2.The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood and soothe anxiety.But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth that smoking may worsen or even trigger anxiety disorders,panic attacks and depression,perhaps even schizophrenia.
3.Cigarettes and mental illness have always tended to go together. An estimated 1.25 billion people smoke worldwide.Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke,and up to 88 percent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are smokers.A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illness.
4.But the big question is why?The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up smoking,or smoke more,to alleviate some of their distress.Even when smoking seems to start before the illness,most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the disorder spark the desire to light up.But perhaps something more sinister is going on.
5.A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause,not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety."We know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health,and now we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness,"says Naomi Breslau,director of research at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit.
6.Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility.The hint came from studies, published in 1998,which followed a group of just over 1.,000 young adults for a five-year period.The 13 percent who began the study with major depression were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study,though there was no evidence that depression increased the tendency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smok-- ing before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depression during the five-year period. Smoking,it seems,could pre-date illness.
7.At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might also make them depressed.But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link,she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were signs that smoking,perhaps the nicotine itself,could somehow affect the brain and cause depression.
8.One of these larger studies was led by Goodman,a pediatrician.She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. The first group of 8,704 adolescents were not depressed,and might or might not have been smokers,while the second group of 6,947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past month.After a year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers,previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour,not the depression itself. What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non一smoking peers.Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens."Current cigarette use is,however,a powerful determinant of developing high depressive symptoms."
9.Breslau,too,finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and three times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than non-smokers.It's a hard message to get across,because many smokers say they become anxious when they quit,not when they smoke.But Breslau says that

To contradict Breslau's conclusion,many smokers say that they are less anxious when they smoke________.
A:have been proved to be misleading
B:but to their mental health as well
C:taking up smoking
D:involved fewer people
E:they started to smoke at an early age
F: but their level of anxiety increases when they quit smoking