单选题It can be learned from paragraph 4 that ______.A Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved trueB Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its informationC Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictabilityD Straitford is able to provide
题目
单选题
It can be learned from paragraph 4 that ______.
A
Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true
B
Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information
C
Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability
D
Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information
相似考题
更多“单选题It can be learned from paragraph 4 that ______.A Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved trueB Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its informationC Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictabilityD Straitford is able to provide”相关问题
-
第1题：
Straitford is most proud of its
A. official status. B. nonconformist image.
C. efficient staff.
D. military background.
正确答案：B
-
第2题：
Bryce’s Department Store ___ its furniture department about a year ago.A、enlarged
B、was enlarged
C、has enlarged
D、has been enlarged
正确答案:A
-
第3题：
共用题干
第二篇
The American Industry
A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap,but if properly handled,it may become a driving force.When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War,it had a market eight times larger than any competitor,giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.Its scientists were the world's best,its workers the most skilled.America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.
It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably,the retreat from predominance proved painful.By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness.Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics,had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.By 1987 there was only one American television maker left,Zenith.(Now there is none:Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.)Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes.For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors,which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.
All of this caused a crisis of confidence.Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted.They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing,and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline.Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.
How things have changed!In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride."American industry has changed its structure,has gone on a diet,has learnt to be more quick-witted,"according to Richard Cavanagh,executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government,"It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,"says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute,a think-tank in Washington,DC.And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as"a golden age of business management in the United States."The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S.economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the______.
A:turning of the business cycle
B:restructuring of industry
C:improved business management
D:success in education答案：A解析：第一段指出，“第二次世界大战后，美国就进入了这样的一个辉煌的历史时期。它拥有比任何竞争者大八倍的市场，这使其工业经济规模前所未有。它的科学家是世上最优秀的，它的工人是技术最好的。美国及其民众的富庶是那些经济遭到战争破坏的欧洲人和亚洲人连做梦也不敢想的”。因此利用排除法，确定答案是C。
A选项错误，因为第二段中说“到1987年，美国只剩下Zenith这一家电视生产商（现在这一家也没有了：Zenith于7月被韩国LG电子公司收购）。”说明它连国内市场也保不住了。B选项错误，文中第二段最后一句提到，“有一段时间，下一个栖牲品看起来似乎该轮到美国的半导体制造业了……”，可是事实上没有。C选项中谈到的机床业已经自取灭亡的说法错误，因为文中提到机床制造业“岌岌可危”(on the ropes)，但是还没有灭亡。D选项是合适的，因为第二段第六句提到，“进口车和纺织品横扫国内市场”。
第三段提到，“所有这一切导致了信心危机。美国人不再视繁荣为理所当然之事。他们开始怀疑自己的商业经营方式出了问题，也怀疑不久他们的收入就会下降。20 世纪80年代中期人们对美国工业衰退的原因作了一次又一次的调查。那些有时耸人听闻的结果充斥着海外竞争加剧的预警”。第四段提到了90年代的经济复苏。其中的含义是：在竞争的压力下，美国人在80年代调整产业结构，美国的工业已经改变了结构，消除了滞胀，变得更机智，因此带来了90年代的经济复苏。因此，可以得出推论：激烈的竞争会导致经济的发展。另外三个选项都不合适。
在第四段，作者指出，"1995年，美国可以对过去五年的稳步发展作一回顾，而日本还在奋力挣扎。很少有美国人将这一巨变单纯归因于美元贬值或商业周期循环这些显而易见的原因。如今，对自身的怀疑已被盲目乐观所取代”。这里作者实际上对当前美国人的盲目乐观情绪进行了批评，认为20世纪90年代的增长是由美元贬值或经济周期的转机等因素造成的。选项B是“Richard Cavanagh”的看法。选项C是“Stephen Moore”的看法。选项D文中没有提及。
本题考查的是细节部分理解能力。原文是指美国工业在20世界90年代通过消除机构臃肿得到发展。选项A明显不正确。选项B是最接近原文意思的，指“美国工厂裁减多余的员工，精简机构”。选项C指“美国工业衰减”，不符合题意。选项D只是概括地说“美国工业效率提高”，并没有具体指出原因。因此本题选B。 -
第4题：
Text 2 A deal is a deal-except,apparently,when Entergy is involved.The company,a major energy supplier in New England,provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead,the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court,as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running.It’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002,when the corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant,an aging reactor in Vernon.As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale,the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012.In 2006,the state went a step further,requiring that any extension of the plant’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’s approval.Then,too,the company went along.Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments,or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next.A string of accidents,including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage,raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management–especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe.Enraged by Entergy’s behavior,the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation,and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues.The legal issues in the case are obscure:whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power,legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend.Certainly,there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules.But had Entergy kept its word,that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state.But there should be consequences.Permission to run a nuclear plant is a poblic trust.Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States,including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth.Pledging to run Pilgrim safely,the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years.But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission（NRC）reviews the company’s application,it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatA.Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected.
B.the authority of the NRC will be defied.
C.Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.
D.Vermont’s reputation might be damaged.答案：A解析：文章首句和二句提到，该公司似乎认定其在福蒙特州的声誉已受损，因此决定和佛蒙特州背水一战。但不良后果还是有的。第三句提到，安特吉公司在美国还经营了11个反应堆。由末句“But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission（NRC）reviews the company’s application,it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.”意思是：“核管理委员会（NRC）在审查该公司的申请的时候 -
第5题：
From Grandma Moses‘s words of herself in the first paragraph，it can be inferred that she was_______.A.independent
B.pretty
C.rich
D.alone答案：A解析： -
第6题：
单选题Since 1960, the fast-growing town of Hotstone, Arizona, has drawn water from the Gray River, which feeds Lake Mudfish. If the town’s water use continues to grow at its present rate, in about 20 years the water level of Lake Mudfish will inevitably decrease to the point that it can no longer support its biologically fragile population of fish. The prediction above is based on which of the following assumptions?AAs the town’s water requirements grow, it will not be able to meet those requirements by drawing on water sources other than the Gray River.
BSince 1960, the lake’s population of fish has become more biologically fragile.
CThe amount of water that the lake loses to evaporation each year will increase over the next two decades.
DThere are multiple sources of water besides the Gray River that feed into Lake Mudfish.
EThe town of Hotstone will be able to reverse its trend of increasing water use if it implements an aggressive water conservation program.
正确答案： B解析：
由文段的内容可知，Mudfish湖之所以会干涸是因为Gray River的水都被用来提供给周边的Hotstone和Arizona，所以可知本题应选A项。 -
第7题：
单选题From Paragraph 2, we can conclude that _____.AMcDonald’s designs its menu to suit the local people
Bmillions of young adults got their first job with McDonald’s
Cthe McDonald’s menu sticks to old-fashioned favorites such as the Big Mac
Dthe low prices McDonald’s bring tens of millions of people through its doors every day
正确答案： D解析：
文章第二段倒数第二句提到“That’s not to say that every nation carries the same menu items: choices vary widely depending on location.”，由此可知麦当劳在不同的地方设置的菜单不同，故A项正确。B、D两项文中没有提及，C项描述与原文意思相悖。 -
第8题：
单选题“Mozart’s can” underlined in Paragraph 2 refers to.Ahis human feelings can be understood
BMozart’s music can be analyzed carefully
Chis harmonies, rhythms, etc. can be separated from one another
Dhis musical language can be separated from his personality
正确答案： B解析：
推断题。第一段指出作曲家的语言都很难从精神和敏感性中分离出来，但同时提到“except by pedantic analysis…of the artist who happens to be expressing himself through them”。第二段第一句指出“但这恰好是问题所在；就我所知，莫扎特就能”，由此可知此处指莫扎特能将他的音乐语言同自己的性格分隔开来，故选项D为正确答案。 -
第9题：
问答题Practice 4 In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because businesspeople typically know what product they’re looking for. Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. “Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,” says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research.正确答案：
【参考译文】
网上交易开始的一两年中,大部分业务活动都围绕着努力开拓消费者市场进行。最近,随着网络被证明不是一时的潮流后,公司间才开始在网上买卖产品和服务。公司间的这种交易方式能行得通是因为商人一般都知道自己所需要的产品。
然而,许多公司由于怀疑网络的可靠性而犹豫要不要使用网络。佛瑞斯特研究中心(Forrester Research)的资深分析师布莱恩·欧文说:“交易双方需要认识到他们可以信赖销售商和供应商之间的途径”。解析： 暂无解析 -
第10题：
单选题Straitford is most proud of its ______.Aofficial status
Bnonconformist image
Cefficient staff
Dmilitary background
正确答案： D解析：
细节题。文章的最后一段介绍了Straitford的特色：“Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice”说明Straitford为其独立的发言权而感到骄傲，并且提到：“He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success”把公司的外部形象看作成功的关键，Straitford与其他公司的不同之处在于它不会因为可能的错误而避免引人注目的公开声明，所以，Straitford值得骄傲之处在于它不墨守成规的形象。 -
第11题：
问答题Passage 14Questions 8—12 ● Read the article below about GE. ● Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps. ● For each gap (8—12), mark one letter (A—G) on your Answer Sheet. ● Do not use any letter more than once. ● There is an example at the beginning, (0).A slipping crown For decades America’s General Electric (GE) has worn its AAA credit rating as a badge of pride. The company has also used it to mint money in its financial-services business, GE Capital. No longer (0)______. That added insult to the injury that GE has already suffered. Last year the outfit generated a profit of $8.6 billion or almost 48％ of GE’s total earnings. By exploiting its AAA rating, GE Capital was able to raise capital cheaply and then deploy it to fund everything from commercial-property and home loans to credit-card lending and insurance. (8)______. Announcing its decision to downgrade the business, S&P predicted rising credit losses in coming months in several areas of GE Capital’s portfolio. Although GE’s demotion from AAA was bad news, it triggered a rise in the firm’s shares, which had recently been trading at about the same price as one of the light bulbs that the company makes. (9)______. They may also have taken comfort from the agency’s conclusion that GE’s industrial businesses should continue to pump oodles of cash, in spite of the global downturn. Yet some financial analysts are still fretting that GE Capital’s portfolio may contain more nasty surprises. (10)______. They also wonder out loud whether Moody’s, another rating agency, will take a more pessimistic view of GE’s prospects when it finishes a review of the AAA rating that it still assigns to the firm. Next week GE plans to hold an in-depth briefing on the state of the assets in GE Capital’s portfolio, which will help to dispel the cloud still hanging over the business. It has also been telling anyone who will listen that it doesn’t expect this week’s downgrade to have a significant impact on its business, though it does plan to keep shrinking GE Capital’s activities so that the unit represents no more than 30％ of total profit. (11)______. GE is sitting on $48 billion of cash and has already raised over 90％ of its long-term debt needs for this year—no mean feat in a dire credit market. The company also plans to slash its dividend from the second half of 2009, which it reckons to conserve an additional $9 billion a year on an ongoing basis. (12)______.. In his annual letter to shareholders published recently, Mr. Immelt admitted that GE’S reputation had been “tarnished”. A. This has made some of the company’s small investors apoplectic; they have grown used to juicy dividend payments. B. Jeff Immelt, GE’s CEO, has said that the overall company will continue to manage itself like a AAA-rated firm, notably by keeping plenty of liquidity to hand. C. Resolving lingering doubts over GE Capital quickly will be essential if one of America’s most iconic companies is to regain its shine. D. They point out that the business does not mark many of its assets to their market price—a practice that has blown huge holes in the finances of many big banks. E. No doubt investors were relieved that S&P didn’t make an even deeper cut in the company’s rating. F. But the chaos triggered by the credit crunch has taken the shine off GE’s cash machine, which has seen some of its property and other loans turn sour. G. S&P stripped the company and its financial arm of their top-notch ratings, downgrading them to AA-plus.正确答案： 8.F 该空前一句指出GE Capital 因其信用评级能够低廉地筹集资金,后一句则表明S&P预测了GE Capital投资组合各个领域的亏损,因此空缺处的句子应该起到转折的作用,故选项F符合题意。
9.E 该空前一句提到一度十分低迷的GE股价上涨,接着应该指明原因,且该空后一句“also”一词暗示空缺句也应为上涨的原因,故选E。
10.D 空缺处的前句与后句都指出了金融分析家的观点,并且该空的后一句出现“also”一词,由此可推断空缺句与前句的关系应该为可为解释或者并列,故选D。
11.B 该断的主要内容为阐述降级后GE的一系列做法。空缺处下一句出现的“$48 billion of cash”与B句中GE总裁声明讲保留充盈的流动构成解释关系,故选B。
12.A 空缺句前一句指明GE计划从2009下半年度起削减股东红利,A中的this指代前句出现的“to slash its dividend”与前句构成因果关系,故选A。解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
单选题It can be learned from the passage that top performers are not ______.Afree of losses
Binterested in winning
Caccustomed to failures
Dconcerned about setbacks
正确答案： B解析：
倒数第三段在开头“One of the most surprising things about top performers is how many losses they’re had～and how much they’ve learned from each. ”说“对于有顶级表现的人来说，最令人吃惊的是他们失败过多少次，又从每次的失败中吸取了多少教训”，意思是他们也有失败;所以A项“即使是有顶级表现的人也不免于失败”是正确的。B项“对获胜没兴趣”，C 项“他们不习惯失败”，D项“他们不关心挫折”均不能表达这个意思，所以选A。 -
第13题：
We may infer from the second paragraph that
A．DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.
B．in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.
C．historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson's life.
D．political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.
正确答案：D根据排除法A项中的widely是错误的，排除;B项中说的太笼统，而第二段在讲关于slavery. C项中deliberately和made up是不对的。因此选D。 -
第14题：
It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is
[A] illegally secured.
[B] indirectly augmented.
[C] excessively increased.
[D]fairly adjusted.
正确答案：
答案暂无 -
第15题：
共用题干
第二篇
The American Industry
A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap,but if properly handled,it may become a driving force.When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War,it had a market eight times larger than any competitor,giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.Its scientists were the world's best,its workers the most skilled.America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.
It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably,the retreat from predominance proved painful.By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness.Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics,had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.By 1987 there was only one American television maker left,Zenith.(Now there is none:Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.)Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes.For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors,which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.
All of this caused a crisis of confidence.Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted.They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing,and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline.Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.
How things have changed!In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride."American industry has changed its structure,has gone on a diet,has learnt to be more quick-witted,"according to Richard Cavanagh,executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government,"It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,"says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute,a think-tank in Washington,DC.And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as"a golden age of business management in the United States."The U.S.achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱ because______.
A:it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal
B:its domestic market was eight times larger than before
C:the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors
D:the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy答案：C解析：第一段指出，“第二次世界大战后，美国就进入了这样的一个辉煌的历史时期。它拥有比任何竞争者大八倍的市场，这使其工业经济规模前所未有。它的科学家是世上最优秀的，它的工人是技术最好的。美国及其民众的富庶是那些经济遭到战争破坏的欧洲人和亚洲人连做梦也不敢想的”。因此利用排除法，确定答案是C。
A选项错误，因为第二段中说“到1987年，美国只剩下Zenith这一家电视生产商（现在这一家也没有了：Zenith于7月被韩国LG电子公司收购）。”说明它连国内市场也保不住了。B选项错误，文中第二段最后一句提到，“有一段时间，下一个栖牲品看起来似乎该轮到美国的半导体制造业了……”，可是事实上没有。C选项中谈到的机床业已经自取灭亡的说法错误，因为文中提到机床制造业“岌岌可危”(on the ropes)，但是还没有灭亡。D选项是合适的，因为第二段第六句提到，“进口车和纺织品横扫国内市场”。
第三段提到，“所有这一切导致了信心危机。美国人不再视繁荣为理所当然之事。他们开始怀疑自己的商业经营方式出了问题，也怀疑不久他们的收入就会下降。20 世纪80年代中期人们对美国工业衰退的原因作了一次又一次的调查。那些有时耸人听闻的结果充斥着海外竞争加剧的预警”。第四段提到了90年代的经济复苏。其中的含义是：在竞争的压力下，美国人在80年代调整产业结构，美国的工业已经改变了结构，消除了滞胀，变得更机智，因此带来了90年代的经济复苏。因此，可以得出推论：激烈的竞争会导致经济的发展。另外三个选项都不合适。
在第四段，作者指出，"1995年，美国可以对过去五年的稳步发展作一回顾，而日本还在奋力挣扎。很少有美国人将这一巨变单纯归因于美元贬值或商业周期循环这些显而易见的原因。如今，对自身的怀疑已被盲目乐观所取代”。这里作者实际上对当前美国人的盲目乐观情绪进行了批评，认为20世纪90年代的增长是由美元贬值或经济周期的转机等因素造成的。选项B是“Richard Cavanagh”的看法。选项C是“Stephen Moore”的看法。选项D文中没有提及。
本题考查的是细节部分理解能力。原文是指美国工业在20世界90年代通过消除机构臃肿得到发展。选项A明显不正确。选项B是最接近原文意思的，指“美国工厂裁减多余的员工，精简机构”。选项C指“美国工业衰减”，不符合题意。选项D只是概括地说“美国工业效率提高”，并没有具体指出原因。因此本题选B。 -
第16题：
Nancy Liu amved in Sydney from China as a"skilled immigrant"with an economics degree 14 years ago.With her husband,she set up a business consultancy in the suburb in southem Sydney.However,Liu was only an epitome of thousands of Chinese investors.Since then,Chinese investment has transformed the city:many of its shop signs are now in Chinese.Ms Liu was a forerunner of a new wave of Chinese immigrants to Australia's oldest and biggest city.Hong Kong once supplied most of Australia's Chinese settlers,but over the past few years the pattern has shifted.Now it is the rising middle classes from other places of China who go there,looking for a more relaxed life style.About 4%of Sydney's people were bom in China.Currendy,China has become Australia's biggest trading partner,and its largest source of foreign students.答案：解析：14年前，拥有经济学学位的刘南希作为“技术移民”从中国来到悉尼，与丈夫一起在悉尼南部郊区成立了一家商业咨询公司。然而，刘只是成千上万中国投资者的一个缩影。自那以后，中国投资改变了这座城市：如今许多商铺的标识都是中文。刘女士是前往澳洲历史最悠久也是最大城市的新一波中国移民潮的先行者。澳洲的中国移民一度以香港移民为主，不过在过去几年中，这种模式已经悄然改变。如今新兴的中产阶级从中国的其他地方来到这里，寻求一种更轻松的生活方式。大约4%的悉尼人口出生在中国。目前，中国已成为澳洲最大的贸易伙伴，也是最大的留学生来源国。 -
第17题：
What can be learned from Paragraph 7？( )A.Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress
B.Justices intended to check the power of the Administration
C.Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress
D.The Administration is dominant over immigration issues答案：B解析：推断题。由第七段第四、五句“事实上，联邦政府声称它不想执行国会的意愿，它也有权阻止各州这么做。每位大法官理所当然对此惊人言论表示反对”可知，法官们极度反对政府滥用职权，通过投反对票对其加以限制，故B项“法官们准备限制联邦政府的权力”是正确答案。A项“移民问题常由国会决定”和C项“法官们想要加强与国会的合作”均未提及，属于过度推断。D项“联邦政府在移民问题上占主导地位”是断章取义的表述，故错误。故本题选B。参考译文：周一，美国最高法院以五比三的投票结果否定了亚利桑那州移民法中的大部分条款——这是奥巴马政权在政策方面的一个小小胜利。但在涉及宪法这个更重要的问题上，最高法院以全部8票挫败了奥巴马政权在打乱联邦政府和各州政府的权力平衡问题上所做的努力。在亚利桑那州与联邦政府的这场较量中，大多数法官推翻了亚利桑那州四条有争议的移民法案中的三条，该法案允许州政府和当地警察执行联邦移民法。《宪法》规定，只有华盛顿才有权“建立全国统一的归化条例”；联邦法先于州法，这些原则都是无可争议的。而亚利桑那州在试图制定一个与现行联邦政策并行的州政策。最高法院大法官安东尼·肯尼迪裁定亚利桑那州在制定政策时挑战联邦政府的权威，首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨和法院中的自由党派与他持相同观点。针对被推翻的条款，多数人认为国会已经慎重“占领这块领地”，而亚利桑那州也因此而侵犯联邦政府的特权。然而，大法官们认为亚利桑那州的警察有权鉴定执法人员的合法身份。这是因为国会一直在设想让联邦政府与州政府联合执行移民法律，并明确鼓励各州官员与联邦政府的同事合作并共享信息。三个持反对观点的大法官中有两位法官——塞缪尔·阿利托和克拉伦斯·托马斯——一致认同宪法的逻辑，但是他们对于亚利桑那州法案的哪一项规定与联邦法律冲突持不同意见。唯一主要的反对意见来自大法官安东宁·斯卡利亚，他更强有力地捍卫州特权，这些州特权可以追溯到《移民和镇压叛乱法》。最高法院针对奥巴马总统的这项8-0的否定裁决体现了大法官塞缪尔·阿利托在他的反对理由中描述的“对联邦政府行政权力令人震惊的声明”。白宫方面则认为，即使亚利桑那州的法例严格遵从联邦法律，但它与联邦政府的执法优先权还是冲突的。事实上，白宫声称有权废除任何它不认可的各州法律，即使这些法律符合联邦宪法。一些权力只属于联邦政府，包括对公民身份的控制权和对边界的控制权。但如果国会想阻止各州利用自身资源去检查移民身份，它也有权这么做。但它从没这样做过。事实上，政府声称它不想执行国会的意愿，它也有权阻止各州这么做。每位大法官理所当然对此惊人言论表示反对。美国《宪法》的最高条款宣布联邦法律是“国家的最高法律”。因此，只要联邦法律有效，州法院的法律就处于劣势。鉴于《宪法》规定的联邦和州的主权分裂，一个主要的争论点是最高条款中的“依照其中”一词。这意味着在某些领域制定联邦法律并不总是可行的——也就是说，某些领域的法律只留给各州来管理，而有关这些领域的任何联邦法律都是违宪的。司法部门的工作是通过解释《宪法》来界定这种专属管辖权的划分，并随着时间的推移而发生变化。无论如何，《宪法》本身保持着至高无上的地位，因此即使联邦法律在某些领域被禁止，《宪法》本身也永远高于任何州的法律。解决联邦法律之间假定冲突的标准并不总是明确的，决定构成取代效力的联邦法律的标准也并不明确。通过借用或纳入州规范在分散的基础上制定联邦职业行为规范的技术越来越棘手，因为借用的州规范不统一，且被用于多种补救目的。我们可以设想联邦立法凌驾于有关职业规范的州法规，但几乎无法实现，特别是当这些规范被强制用于职业纪律以外的目的时。在实施可能实现国家统一的其他举措之前，联邦法院的答案可能是一套统一的规范，直接用于规范所有联邦法院的诉讼行为。 -
第18题：
单选题Columbia’s Web site can provide free _____.Aexpertise of its professors
Blisting of courses and professors’ research interests
Conline courses and seminars
Dbooks and tapes related to the course
正确答案： A解析：
细节题。根据文中第三段中的“free sites listing courses and professors’ research interests”可知只有选项B的内容是免费的。故B项是正确答案。由“it will offer the expertise of its faculty on a new for-profit site”可知A项收费。从“Free pages will feed into profit-generating areas, such as online courses and seminars, and related books and tapes”可知选项C、D所叙述的内容都是盈利性质的。 -
第19题：
单选题From the passage, it can be seen that the author _____.Abelieves the reform has reduced the government’s burden
Binsists that welfare reform is doing little good for the poor
Cis overenthusiastic about the success of welfare reform
Dconsiders welfare reform to be fundamentally successful
正确答案： B解析：
主旨题。从全文来看，作者对福利政策改革进行两方面的分析，既指出了成就也指出其不足。但总体来看，作者对福利政策改革持赞扬态度。作者两次提到改革的成功，第一次是在文章开头，指出在各州取得了巨大成功；第二次是在文章倒数第三段，对很多穷人来说现在无政府资助，同过去有政府资助一样好，这本身就是一个巨大胜利。这与D项“福利改革取得了基本的成功”相符。 -
第20题：
单选题According to paragraph 1, what can we know about cardiac arrest?AIt’s far away from Americans.
BIt has a high death rate now.
CIts occurrence depends on where you live.
DThe survival relies on the real estate.
正确答案： B解析：
事实细节题。根据题于提示定位至第一段。由本段前两句可知：在医院之外人能够幸免于心脏骤停的几率非常小，可见该病死亡率很高，所以答案是B；文中remote结合上下文的意思应该是“几率非常小，遥远的”A只是其表面意思，因而不正确；由文章后三句可知，幸存的可能性取决于你居住的地点，而C该病的发病由居住地方决定，不合文意；文中最后一句It’s like real estate—location 是用房地产地点的重要性来比喻幸存与所处地方的重要关系，D不符合文意，故排除。 -
第21题：
单选题According to the passage, _____.Awe should not worry about the transition of the Earth’s magnetic field
Bthe Earth’s magnetic field will not change for at least 2000 years
Cthe Earth’s magnetic field has decreased its strength rapidly
Dthe transition of the Earth’s magnetic field can be controlled by modern science
正确答案： C解析：
第五段一开始：无论新的研究发现什么，公众也不必为此惊慌。即使是磁场转移已经开始，它可能需要2000年才能完成。 -
第22题：
单选题What can be inferred about Alex from the last paragraph?AThe culture camps caused Alex to hate everything about India.
BThe East India Colorado Heritage Camp led to Alex' s immigration.
CHidden Valley served as a link between Alex' s old world and the new.
DThe culture camps helped Alex better understand his mixed-race fami
正确答案： C解析： -
第23题：
单选题From Paragraph 2, we can conclude that_____.AMcDonald's designs its menu to suit the local people
Bmillions of young adults got their first job with McDonald's
Cthe McDonald's menu sticks to old-fashioned favorites such as the Big Mac
Dthe low prices of McDonald's bring tens of millions of people through its doors every day
正确答案： A解析：