单选题All of the following are true about sugar EXCEPT ______.A Refined sugar alone can be a diet for people to live on for a few daysB Sugar can cause diabetes, cancer and heart diseasesC Unrefined sugar was once good and very cheap if used to feed and fatt

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第二篇

Diabetes（糖尿病）and Eye Damage

Over 2 million Canadians have diabetes.It is the leading cause of blindness in North
Americans under 65 years of age.Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot
produce enough insulin（胰岛素）or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important
because it moves glucose（葡萄糖）,a simple sugar, into the body's cells from the blood.
The food people eat provides the body with glucose,which is used by the cells as a source
of energy.If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to move glucose from the blood
into the cells,glucose will stay in the blood,leading to high blood sugar levels.
High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels,including the tiny blood vessels in
the eye．This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy（糖尿病型视网膜病）.
The retina（视网膜）is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals.
With diabetic retinopathy,some blood vessels in the retina are lost,and some of the other
blood vessels begin to"leak"blood.This causes the retina to swell,and gradually cuts off
its supply of oxygen and nutrients（滋养物）.Eventually , the retina starts to grow new
blood vessels to replace the damaged ones.Unfortunately,these new vessels are not as
strong as the old ones.They are more likely to break,causing bleeding in the eye.
At first,people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms.As the disease
gets worse , they may notice blurred（模糊的）vision, black spots or flashing lights. As
time goes on,it can progress to blindness.Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic
retinopathy,and the risk increases the longer you've had diabetes.
Fortunately,you can reduce your risk.If you do not have diabetes,but think you may
be at risk for this condition,visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes.If you do have
diabetes:
Have frequent eye check-ups.
Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as
recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar
under tight control can slow down eye damage.
If you have high blood pressure,follow your recommended diet and medications to
keep it under control.If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure,or whether
your blood pressure is under control,discuss this with your doctor.

The word"its"in the second paragraph refers to
A: the nerve's.
B:the blood's.
C:the eye's.
D: the retina's,

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第二篇

Diabetes（糖尿病）and Eye Damage

Over 2 million Canadians have diabetes.It is the leading cause of blindness in North
Americans under 65 years of age.Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot
produce enough insulin（胰岛素）or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important
because it moves glucose（葡萄糖）,a simple sugar, into the body's cells from the blood.
The food people eat provides the body with glucose,which is used by the cells as a source
of energy.If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to move glucose from the blood
into the cells,glucose will stay in the blood,leading to high blood sugar levels.
High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels,including the tiny blood vessels in
the eye．This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy（糖尿病型视网膜病）.
The retina（视网膜）is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals.
With diabetic retinopathy,some blood vessels in the retina are lost,and some of the other
blood vessels begin to"leak"blood.This causes the retina to swell,and gradually cuts off
its supply of oxygen and nutrients（滋养物）.Eventually , the retina starts to grow new
blood vessels to replace the damaged ones.Unfortunately,these new vessels are not as
strong as the old ones.They are more likely to break,causing bleeding in the eye.
At first,people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms.As the disease
gets worse , they may notice blurred（模糊的）vision, black spots or flashing lights. As
time goes on,it can progress to blindness.Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic
retinopathy,and the risk increases the longer you've had diabetes.
Fortunately,you can reduce your risk.If you do not have diabetes,but think you may
be at risk for this condition,visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes.If you do have
diabetes:
Have frequent eye check-ups.
Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as
recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar
under tight control can slow down eye damage.
If you have high blood pressure,follow your recommended diet and medications to
keep it under control.If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure,or whether
your blood pressure is under control,discuss this with your doctor.

To slow down eye damage,people with diabetes should try to
A: use as many medications as they can.
B: eat as little as possible.
C: wear glasses as often as possible.
D: keep their blood sugar under tight control.

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第三篇

Sugar Accelerate the Process of Aging

Sugar is widely used in our daily life to make food and drinks sweet,though too much intake of it may lead to diabetes.However,today's study found it also makes people get old faster. Rats that eat high levels of a natural sugar known as fructose seem to age faster than other rats.And the same could be true for people who eat too much sweet junk food,said Israeli researchers.
Fructose,a substance found naturally in honey and fruit,is used widely in foods ranging from soft drinks to yogurt. But while its sweet taste is popular,the sugar could cause wrinkles and health problems,the researchers said.Dr. Moshe Werman and Boaz Levi of the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology fed large amounts of fructose to laboratory rats.Writing in the Journal of Nutrition,they said the fructose-fed rats showed changes in the collagen of their skin and bones.
Collagen,a fibrous protein found in connective tissue,bone and cartilage,basically holds the body together. The loss of collagen is what causes sagging and deep wrinkles in older people.
The process affected,Werman's team said,is known as"cross linking"."Too much crosslinking reduces elasticity and makes the skin stiff and rigid,and these are the conditions that encourage wrinkled skin,"Werman said in a statement. He said the same could be true of people, although this has not been shown."Americans are eating more and more processed foods such as carbonated drinks,baked goods,canned fruits,jams and dairy products that contain fructose," Werman said.Other studies have shown that high fructose intake can affect how the body handles glucose and increases insulin resistance一which can both be important measures of the tendency toward diabetes.
The rats Werman worked with were fed much more than the average adult person might eat in a day,which is standard in such experiments.The rats were 12.5 grams of fructose per kg(2.2 pounds)of weight every day for a year. To compare,a person weighing 154 pounds(70kg)who drinks a quart(liter)of cola consumes about 60 grams of fructose,or 0.8 grams per kg of body weight.

What do you think is the possible purpose of the author writing the article?
A:To alert people choosing the right kind of honey and fruit.
B:To suggest people to take appropriate amount of sugar in case of fast aging.
C:To show differences in opinion about sugar.
D:To help people stay away from diabetes.

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Deaths Associated with Sugary Soft Drinks

Sugar-sweetened sodas,sports drinks and fruit drinks may be associated with about 180,000 deaths around the world each year,according to a recent research.
Sugar-sweetened beverages are consumed throughout the world,and contribute to excess body weight,which increases the risk of developing diabetes,cardiovascular diseases and some cancers. Using data collected as part of the 2010 Global Burden of Diseases Study,the researchers linked intake of sugar-sweetened beverages to 133,,000 diabetes deaths,44,000 deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 6,000 cancer deaths.Seventy-eight percent of these deaths due to over-consuming sugary drinks were in low and middle-income countries,rather than high-income countries.
"In the U.S.,our research shows that about 25,000 deaths in 2010 were linked to drinking sugar-sweetened beverages,"said Mr. Singh,a postdoctoral research fellow at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston.
Of nine world regions,Latin America/Caribbean had the most diabetes deaths(38,000)related to the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in 2010.Japan,one of the countries with lowest per-capita consumption of sugary beverages in the world,had the lowest death rate associated with the consumption of sugary beverages,at about 10 deaths due to per million adults.
"Because we were focused on deaths due to chronic diseases,our study focused on adults.Future research should assess the amount of sugary beverage consumption in children across the world and how this affects their current and future health,"Singh said.
The American Heart Association recommends adults consume no more than 450 calories per week,from sugar-sweetened beverages,based on a 2,000 calorie diet and offers tips to help you make better lifestyle choices and eat healthier.

The study focused on the entire population.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

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Deaths Associated with Sugary Soft Drinks

Sugar-sweetened sodas,sports drinks and fruit drinks may be associated with about 180,000 deaths around the world each year,according to a recent research.
Sugar-sweetened beverages are consumed throughout the world,and contribute to excess body weight,which increases the risk of developing diabetes,cardiovascular diseases and some cancers. Using data collected as part of the 2010 Global Burden of Diseases Study,the researchers linked intake of sugar-sweetened beverages to 133,,000 diabetes deaths,44,000 deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 6,000 cancer deaths.Seventy-eight percent of these deaths due to over-consuming sugary drinks were in low and middle-income countries,rather than high-income countries.
"In the U.S.,our research shows that about 25,000 deaths in 2010 were linked to drinking sugar-sweetened beverages,"said Mr. Singh,a postdoctoral research fellow at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston.
Of nine world regions,Latin America/Caribbean had the most diabetes deaths(38,000)related to the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in 2010.Japan,one of the countries with lowest per-capita consumption of sugary beverages in the world,had the lowest death rate associated with the consumption of sugary beverages,at about 10 deaths due to per million adults.
"Because we were focused on deaths due to chronic diseases,our study focused on adults.Future research should assess the amount of sugary beverage consumption in children across the world and how this affects their current and future health,"Singh said.
The American Heart Association recommends adults consume no more than 450 calories per week,from sugar-sweetened beverages,based on a 2,000 calorie diet and offers tips to help you make better lifestyle choices and eat healthier.

Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages may link to high blood pressure.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

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第二篇

Diabetes（糖尿病）and Eye Damage

Over 2 million Canadians have diabetes.It is the leading cause of blindness in North
Americans under 65 years of age.Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot
produce enough insulin（胰岛素）or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important
because it moves glucose（葡萄糖）,a simple sugar, into the body's cells from the blood.
The food people eat provides the body with glucose,which is used by the cells as a source
of energy.If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to move glucose from the blood
into the cells,glucose will stay in the blood,leading to high blood sugar levels.
High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels,including the tiny blood vessels in
the eye．This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy（糖尿病型视网膜病）.
The retina（视网膜）is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals.
With diabetic retinopathy,some blood vessels in the retina are lost,and some of the other
blood vessels begin to"leak"blood.This causes the retina to swell,and gradually cuts off
its supply of oxygen and nutrients（滋养物）.Eventually , the retina starts to grow new
blood vessels to replace the damaged ones.Unfortunately,these new vessels are not as
strong as the old ones.They are more likely to break,causing bleeding in the eye.
At first,people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms.As the disease
gets worse , they may notice blurred（模糊的）vision, black spots or flashing lights. As
time goes on,it can progress to blindness.Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic
retinopathy,and the risk increases the longer you've had diabetes.
Fortunately,you can reduce your risk.If you do not have diabetes,but think you may
be at risk for this condition,visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes.If you do have
diabetes:
Have frequent eye check-ups.
Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as
recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar
under tight control can slow down eye damage.
If you have high blood pressure,follow your recommended diet and medications to
keep it under control.If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure,or whether
your blood pressure is under control,discuss this with your doctor.

With diabetic retinopathy,the damaged blood vessels in the retina
A:are stronger than what they used to be.
B: cannot be properly replaced.
C:are more likely to break than the new ones.
D: may return to normal again.

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第二篇

Diabetes（糖尿病）and Eye Damage

Over 2 million Canadians have diabetes.It is the leading cause of blindness in North
Americans under 65 years of age.Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot
produce enough insulin（胰岛素）or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important
because it moves glucose（葡萄糖）,a simple sugar, into the body's cells from the blood.
The food people eat provides the body with glucose,which is used by the cells as a source
of energy.If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to move glucose from the blood
into the cells,glucose will stay in the blood,leading to high blood sugar levels.
High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels,including the tiny blood vessels in
the eye．This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy（糖尿病型视网膜病）.
The retina（视网膜）is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals.
With diabetic retinopathy,some blood vessels in the retina are lost,and some of the other
blood vessels begin to"leak"blood.This causes the retina to swell,and gradually cuts off
its supply of oxygen and nutrients（滋养物）.Eventually , the retina starts to grow new
blood vessels to replace the damaged ones.Unfortunately,these new vessels are not as
strong as the old ones.They are more likely to break,causing bleeding in the eye.
At first,people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms.As the disease
gets worse , they may notice blurred（模糊的）vision, black spots or flashing lights. As
time goes on,it can progress to blindness.Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic
retinopathy,and the risk increases the longer you've had diabetes.
Fortunately,you can reduce your risk.If you do not have diabetes,but think you may
be at risk for this condition,visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes.If you do have
diabetes:
Have frequent eye check-ups.
Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as
recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar
under tight control can slow down eye damage.
If you have high blood pressure,follow your recommended diet and medications to
keep it under control.If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure,or whether
your blood pressure is under control,discuss this with your doctor.

The worst eye damage induced by diabetes is
A:blurred vision.
B: black spots,
C: blindness.
D: flashing lights.

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第二篇

Diabetes（糖尿病）and Eye Damage

Over 2 million Canadians have diabetes.It is the leading cause of blindness in North
Americans under 65 years of age.Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot
produce enough insulin（胰岛素）or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important
because it moves glucose（葡萄糖）,a simple sugar, into the body's cells from the blood.
The food people eat provides the body with glucose,which is used by the cells as a source
of energy.If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to move glucose from the blood
into the cells,glucose will stay in the blood,leading to high blood sugar levels.
High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels,including the tiny blood vessels in
the eye．This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy（糖尿病型视网膜病）.
The retina（视网膜）is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals.
With diabetic retinopathy,some blood vessels in the retina are lost,and some of the other
blood vessels begin to"leak"blood.This causes the retina to swell,and gradually cuts off
its supply of oxygen and nutrients（滋养物）.Eventually , the retina starts to grow new
blood vessels to replace the damaged ones.Unfortunately,these new vessels are not as
strong as the old ones.They are more likely to break,causing bleeding in the eye.
At first,people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms.As the disease
gets worse , they may notice blurred（模糊的）vision, black spots or flashing lights. As
time goes on,it can progress to blindness.Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic
retinopathy,and the risk increases the longer you've had diabetes.
Fortunately,you can reduce your risk.If you do not have diabetes,but think you may
be at risk for this condition,visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes.If you do have
diabetes:
Have frequent eye check-ups.
Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as
recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar
under tight control can slow down eye damage.
If you have high blood pressure,follow your recommended diet and medications to
keep it under control.If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure,or whether
your blood pressure is under control,discuss this with your doctor.

Glucose cannot be turned into energy in the body
A: without diabetes.
B: without sugar.
C:without insu}in.
D:without food.

As they had run out of sugar, they used honey as a（n） ______ for it.

A.exchange
B.assistance
C.substitute
D.preference

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The Tough Grass That Sweetens Our Lives

Sugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofing their
houses and fencing their gardens. Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose（蔗糖） and
was chewed on for its sweet taste.Over time,sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant,grown
throughout the world.___________(46)
Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things , from confectionery（糖果点心）to medicine,
and,as the demand for sugar grew,the industry became larger and more profitable.________(47)Many
crops withered（枯萎）and died,despite growers'attempts to save them,and there were fears that the
health of the plant would continue to deteriorate.
In the 1960s,scientists working in Barbados looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger
and more able to resist disease.They experimented with breeding programmes,mixing genes from the wild
species of sugar cane,which tends to be tougher,with genes from the more delicate,commercial type.
________(48)This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially,but when this happens,it is
expected to be incredibly profitable for the industry.
__________(49)Brazil,which produces one quarter of the world's sugar,has coordinated an interna-
tional project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo.Teams
of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of the plant are
important for the production of sugar and its overall health.
Despite all the research,however,we still do not fully understand how the genes act in sugar cane.
_________(50)This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust,a disease which
probably originated in India,but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world.Scientists believe
they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust.

_________（46）
A:Eventually,a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before,but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.
B:Unfortunately,however,the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.
C: One major gene has been identified by Dr Angelique D, Hont and her team in Montpelier, France.
D:The majority of the world's sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.
E:Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.
F: Since the 1960s,scientists have been analysing the mysteries of the sugar cane'S genetic code.

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Deaths Associated with Sugary Soft Drinks

Sugar-sweetened sodas,sports drinks and fruit drinks may be associated with about 180,000 deaths around the world each year,according to a recent research.
Sugar-sweetened beverages are consumed throughout the world,and contribute to excess body weight,which increases the risk of developing diabetes,cardiovascular diseases and some cancers. Using data collected as part of the 2010 Global Burden of Diseases Study,the researchers linked intake of sugar-sweetened beverages to 133,,000 diabetes deaths,44,000 deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 6,000 cancer deaths.Seventy-eight percent of these deaths due to over-consuming sugary drinks were in low and middle-income countries,rather than high-income countries.
"In the U.S.,our research shows that about 25,000 deaths in 2010 were linked to drinking sugar-sweetened beverages,"said Mr. Singh,a postdoctoral research fellow at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston.
Of nine world regions,Latin America/Caribbean had the most diabetes deaths(38,000)related to the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in 2010.Japan,one of the countries with lowest per-capita consumption of sugary beverages in the world,had the lowest death rate associated with the consumption of sugary beverages,at about 10 deaths due to per million adults.
"Because we were focused on deaths due to chronic diseases,our study focused on adults.Future research should assess the amount of sugary beverage consumption in children across the world and how this affects their current and future health,"Singh said.
The American Heart Association recommends adults consume no more than 450 calories per week,from sugar-sweetened beverages,based on a 2,000 calorie diet and offers tips to help you make better lifestyle choices and eat healthier.

Sugar-sweetened sodas may be associated with about 180,000 deaths around the world each year.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned