填空题Since Mars appeared to be red, astrologers believed that it represented anger, aggression and war.____

It’s believed by the astrologers that the houses determine how the planets and the signs influence a person’s daily life.____

Rudolph, one of Santa Claus’ friends, appeared in Robert May’s story as a reindeer (with a disturbing red nose).____

Since Mars appeared to be red, astrologers believed that it represented anger, aggression and war.____

Is There Life on Mars?　　The American space agency, NASA (the National Aeronautics and Space Administration), has drawn up a short list of ten research projects that will form the basic of an ambitious program to explore the planet Mars in a mission scheduled for launch in 2007. Scientists are being asked to use their ingenuity to devise novel ways to explore the red planet using intelligent robots and probes that might perhaps answer the biggest question of all—-is there life on Mars?　　NASA chose the ten projects from a list of 43 hopefuls. It has included missions for returning samples of Martian dust and gas to Earth, networks of small landers, orbiting constellations of microprobes and a rover that would try to date the precise age of rocks and soils. The ten concepts are part of the Mars Scout program to be launched in six years. This follows a decade of the most intensive interest in Mars since the two Viking probes of 1976 which sent back eerie images of the Martian landscape some 400 million kilometers away.　　But the history of Mars exploration is littered with failure—more than half of the 30 missions to date have ended in fiasco. It was NASA’s announcement in August 1996 of possible signs of life　　in a Martian meteorite which had fallen to Earth that rekindled intense interest in Earth’s nearest neighbor. It was assumed that liquid water had once flowed on Mars and an ancient atmosphere might have supported living organisms. However, opposing camps of scientists bitterly disputed NASA’s evidence for primitive life-forms in the Martian meteorite ALH84001. This led to the conclusion that the only way of finding out whether life ever existed on Mars is to go there and have a look.　　NASA planned a bold series of increasingly complex missions involving the launch of a couple of space probes every year for a dozen years. One of the most successful so far was the shoe-box-sized So-journer rover which thrilled a world Internet audience when it was wheeled out in 1997. Since then, however, NASA has suffered a series of setbacks.　　In September 1999 its Mars Climate Orbiter was lost as a failed rocket bum plunged it into the Martian atmosphere. NASA blamed it on one of its team using imperial units and another using metric. Three months later, NASA lost contact with its Polar Lander as it approached touchdown on the frozen South Pole of the planet. Space commentators muttered darkly about Mars being a cosmic equivalent of the Bermuda triangle.　　The year of 2001 saw the successful completion of the Global Surveyor mission, an orbiting probe that took pictures of what some scientists say are channels in the dust where water may still occasionally flow from underground well. More recently, the Mars Odyssey probe was launched without hitch and is due to arrive in 2008.　　Meanwhile, the European Space Agency is planning its own visit to the red planet with the launch of its Mars Express mission scheduled for take-off in .June 2003. Britain is designated to take a lead role in the project with the Beagle 2 Lander, a small craft, the size of a kitchen sink designed to shuffle over the Martian landscape taking soil and rock samples, analyzing them for signs of life and transmitting the data back to Earth. Beagle 2—framed after the ship that carded Charles Darwin on his voyage of discovery—will weigh just 60 kilograms and will cost about US $225,000 to build, a fraction of the cost of building the Viking space probes more than 25 years ago.　　Beagle 2 will look for water, minerals and organic matter. Although it will reach Mars before NASA’s Scout mission is even launched, it will be considerably less sophisticated in tea’ms of analytical technology. The focus now for NASA is on what instruments and robots to put on the Mars Scout mission in six years. Ed Weiler, NASA’s associate administrator for space science, had to decide on a top ten to concentrate NASA’s limited resources.　　Each project is to receive a grant of $150,000 to see them through the next six months of development. It all has to come out of a total project budget capped at $300 million. These Scout concepts embody the spirit I first thought about more than a year ago; and will enable us to explore the diversity of Mars in new ways, Dr Weiler said.

According to Bas Lansdorp, which of the following is NOT TRUE?

Astrologers hold the belief that the planets exert more influence on a person than other heavenly bodies.____

On a working copy of a weather map，a cold front is represented by what color line? （）

According to the principle of state equality, each state is represented by two Senators in the Senate.____

Evidence collected by the spacecraft on Mars shows some present volcanic action,though the volcanoes are believed to be dormant if not dead.

This project, called Mars One, aims to send a small group of people to Mars in 2022.

Which of the following best summarizes the findings reported in the text about the effects of food deprivation on monkeys’ behavior?

Neither of the battling rams appeared to feel the pain of their wounds.

The etiquette of pub-arguments reflects principles of equality, interaction, the pursuit of intimacy and a non-aggression agreement.____

（）are represented by phonetic symbols because there is no one-to-one correspondence between written letters and spoken sounds.

Since red flags are likely to be raised at the IRS by the reporting of gambling income, business owners who declare their income as business revenue is less likely to receive an audit.

1)The original insight that people could be classified into Type A and Type B personalities and that Type A’s were more heart-attack prone1 grew out of research at the Framingham Heart Study laboratories in the late 1970s.　　Dr. Peter Wilson, director of the Framingham laboratories, agreed in a telephone interview last week that since the early studies, the AB issue has been getting weaker. 2)A large prospective study2 (in which people are followed for years before years before they get sick) last year showed the A-B behavior distinction was not associated with coronary artery disease.Now researchers are thinking in terms of “anger in” vs. “anger out” as the latest area of concern.　　Behavioral epidemiologist Elaine Eaker at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in Bethesda, one of the nation’s foremost scholars of correlations between behavior and heart disease, agrees in principle.　　“There is no epidemiological evidence on hostility alone, but anger has been linked to CHD (coronary heart disease) events weakly for white collar men and more strongly for women in clerical jobs,” she said last week.　　“The Type A concept is still viable because it has been a predictor of heart disease in at least two long-term studies. But recent research has shown that how you cope with anger may be the new coronary prone behavior of the future. And it’s tough to cope with anger,” she added.　　3)Since holding anger inside may lead to heart trouble and since acting it out by having temper tantrums is highly antisocial, Eaker says researchers now advocate maturely “discussing” anger—either with the person who makes you angry or with a friend—as the most constructive method of dealing with explosive feelings.　　4)Since the early Type A studies, researchers have been attempting to fine-tune the ways in which they can identify a person as Type A or Type B, not an easy task since people often deny or are actually unaware of some facets of their personalities and hence can not be asked point-blank if they are angry or impatient by nature .　　Dimsdale used both pencil-and-paper questionnaires and a “semi-structured” interview technique to identify Type A personalities among heart patients.　　In the interviews, he explained, “you ask questions slowly and sometimes even in a stammer and then see how rapidly the person will finish the sentence for you.” People who rush to answer are usually highly impatient and impatience has long been considered a major component of Type A behavior.　　5)Yet, no matter whether he used the self-report questionnaires or the more subtle interview technique, people identified as The A’s did not fare worse than the others.