问答题An Early History of Australia　　Before the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal and Tortes Strait (托雷斯海峡) Islander peoples inhabited most areas of the Australian continent. Each people spoke one or more of hundreds of separate languages, with lifest

题目
问答题
An Early History of Australia　　Before the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal and Tortes Strait (托雷斯海峡) Islander peoples inhabited most areas of the Australian continent. Each people spoke one or more of hundreds of separate languages, with lifestyles and religious and cultural traditions that differed according to the region in which they lived.　　Adaptable and creative, with simple but highly efficient technology, Indigenous Australians had complex social systems and highly developed traditions reflecting a deep connection with the land and environment.　　Asian and Oceanic people had contact with Australia’s Indigenous peoples for thousands of years before the European expansion into the Eastern Hemisphere. Some formed substantial relationships with communities in northern Australia.　　In 1606, the Spanish explorer Luis Vaez de Torres sailed through the strait that separates Australia and Papua New Guinea (巴布亚新几内亚). Dutch explorers charted the north and west coasts and found Tasmania. The first British explorer, William Dampier, landed on the northwest coast in 1688. But it was not until 1770 that his countryman, Captain James Cook, on the Endeavour, extended a scientific voyage to the South Pacific in order to chart the east coast of the continent that had become known as New Holland, and claimed it for the British Crown.　　The American war of independence shut off that country as a place to transport convicts, requiring Great Britain to establish a new penal colony. Sir Joseph Banks, the President of the Royal Society, had sailed as a naturalist (博物学家) with Captain Cook, and suggested Australia for this purpose.　　The First Fleet of 11 ships arrived at Botany Bay in January 1788. Governor Phillip preferred Sydney Harbor and the date he landed in the Harbor,26 January, is now commemorated as Australia Day. The First Fleet carded 1,500 people, half of them convicts. Robert Hughes’ The Fatal Shore (1987) is a classic book on the convict system. Hughes suggests that the penal system had lasting effects on Australian society. About 160,000 convicts were sent to the Australian continent over the next 80 years.　　The wool industry and the gold rushes of the mid-19th century provided an impetus to free settlement. Scarcity of labor, the vastness of the bush and new wealth based on farming, mining and trade all contributed to the development of uniquely Australian institutions and sensibilities. At the time of European settlement in 1788 it is estimated there were at least 300,000 Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders in Australia. European settlement involved the displacement and dispossession of Indigenous peoples. It disrupted traditional land management practices and introduced new plants and animals into fragile Australian ecosystems.
相似考题

1.Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant early warning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north._______________________________________________________________________________

2.It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations

3.We may infer from the second paragraph that[A] DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.[B] in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.[C] historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.[D] political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.

4.In the early 15th century, the British took over the continent of Australia and declared it “terra nullius”.()此题为判断题(对，错)。

更多“An Early History of Australia　　Before the arrival of Europea”相关问题

  • 第1题：

    The text is written mainly for those_____________.

    A. who go to work early B. who want to lose weight

    C. who stay up late D. who eat before sleep


    正确答案：B

  • 第2题：

    Australia is the world's smallest continent and largest island, a relatively young nation established in an ancient land. Its development represents a triumph(胜利)over remoteness and a harsh landscape.

    It is generally accepted that Australia's original inhabitants, the aboriginal(土著的)people, have lived on the continent for 40,000 to 60,000 years. They were also its sole(唯一的)human inhabitants until two centuries ago. Indonesian traders probably visited Australia's northwest but it was unknown to the rest of the world until the 1600s. A huge south land appeared on maps before 200 AD but its existence was not confirmed until the 17th century when Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch merchants ventured into Asia.

    The first European settlement of the continent--by the British--began in 1788, on the site now occupied by Sydney, Australia's largest city. There were then about 1500 Europeans and an estimated 300,000 aboriginal people in Australia. The population has reached 2.25 million by 1881, 5.41 million by 1921 and 7.4 million by the end of World War II(1945). It increased sharply, partly because of a large postwar immigration program, and reached more than 17 million in 1991, despite a decline that began in the 1970s in the natural increase and net immigration. The rate of population increase in the 40 years after world war II, about two percent, has halved.

    Australia is one of the most urbanized countries in the world, with about 70 percent of the population living in the 10 largest cities. Australians have a high standard of living by world standards. The flag of Australia is the only one to fly over a whole continent in the world. The small Union Jack represents the historical link with Britain, the largest star has six points for each of the states and one point for the territories, and the small stars form. the Southern Cross - a prominent of the southern hemisphere night sky.

    1. The passage is written to _____.

    A. present a general picture of Australia

    B. persuade people to travel in Australia

    C. tell people the history of Australia

    D. describe the characteristic of Australia

    2. The first sentence in paragraph 1 mainly suggests that _____.

    A. Australia is a strange country

    B. it is not easy to find Australia

    C. Australia has contradictory(矛盾的)features

    D. Australia is a continent and a country as well

    3. Which statement about Australia's population can NOT be inferred? _____

    A. The population change is a gradual increase.

    B. The population increased rapidly for a time owing to the government's special policy.

    C. The rates of population increase in different periods varied.

    D. The rate of population increase before World War II was about one percent.

    4. The word urbanized means _____.

    A. of towns or cities

    B. of emergency

    C. of suburbs

    D. of the countryside

    5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? _____

    A. The large star on the flag of Australia has seven points.

    B. People were certain of Australia's existence before 200 AD because it had appeared on maps.

    C. Australia enjoy relatively high standard of living compared with people in other countries.

    D. The aboriginal people of Australia were its only human inhabitants before the 18th century.


    参考答案： ACDAB

  • 第3题：

    _____ a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon.

    A、Remarkable

    B、Quite remarkably

    C、It is remarkable that

    D、It is remarkable fact that


    参考答案：C

  • 第4题：

    （ ）： a method of obtaining early feedback on requirements by providing a working model of the expected product before actually building it.

    A.Prototypes

    B.Object oriented

    C.Structured method

    D.Iterative method


    正确答案：C

  • 第5题：

    There is no reason why you shouldn't tell them beforehand that you are leaving.

    A:in advance
    B:ahead
    C:before long
    D:early

    答案：A
    解析：

  • 第6题：

    Australia has very strict laws relating to the importation and possession of certain goods. Food, plant material and animal products from overseas, including many common souvenirs, could introduce some of the world′s most serious pests and diseases into Australia. Failing to declare quarantine items (需要检疫的物品) on arrival could destroy our agriculture, tourism industries and special environment.
    Every piece of luggage will be screened orx-rayed on arrival in Australia. So you must declare for inspection of all food, plant material and animal products to check that they are free of pest sand diseases.
    You must tick YES on the InformingPassenger Card (IPC) to declare if you are carrying any food, plant material oranimal products. In signing the IPC, passengers who are making a legal declaration and failing to answer all questions truth fully can have serious consequences.
    If you fail to declare or dispose of (处理) any quarantine items, or make a false declaration:
    * you will get caught;
    * you could be fined over A $ 200on-the-spot; or you could be prosecuted and fined more than A $ 60,000 and riskup to 10 years imprisonment;
    If you are not sure about the items you are carrying, ask a quarantine officer who will determine whether they are allowed into Australia.

    For what purpose is the passage written?

    A.To inform the passengers of the law on the exportation of goods.
    B.To warn the passengers not to take unsafe goods.
    C.To tell the passengers to Australia to have their quarantine items declared.
    D.To urge the passengers to protect the agriculture, tourism and environment.

    答案：C
    解析：
    主旨题。本文介绍了澳大利亚为了保护当地生存环境而采取的措施：所有的食品、动植物产品都要申报，以防止病虫害的入侵，以及如果隐瞒不申报将会产生的后果。只有C项提到了去往澳大利亚的游客，与文意相符，因此C项最为合适。

  • 第7题：

    In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.

    A对

    B错


    错
    略

  • 第8题：

    In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.


    正确答案:错误

  • 第9题：

    单选题
    One hour before arrival at Elbe 1 light vessel，masters are advised to contact the pilot boat by（）.
    A

    telephone

    B

    telegraph

    C

    telex

    D

    VHF


    正确答案： D
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第10题：

    单选题
    If we ______ early tomorrow morning, we will reach the coast before dark.
    A

    take off

    B

    set off

    C

    set up

    D

    take up


    正确答案： A
    解析：
    句意：如果明天早晨我们早点出发，我们就能在天黑前到达海岸。take off拿掉, 取消;（飞机等）起飞。 set off出发, 动身。set up设立, 架起。take up拿起, 开始从事。

  • 第11题：

    单选题
    Although the Moon has not held great prominence in the history of religion, the veneration of the Moon by some societies has been practiced since early times.
    A

    magic of      

    B

    symbol for    

    C

    worship of      

    D

    dependence on


    正确答案： C
    解析： 句意：尽管月亮在宗教史上并不占据突出的地位，但一些社会对月亮的崇拜从历史早期就有了。veneration崇拜。worship与之同义。magic魔法。symbol象征。dependence依赖。

  • 第12题：

    单选题
    Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?
    A

    The Aborigines.

    B

    The Maoris.

    C

    The Indians.

    D

    The Eskimos.


    正确答案： B
    解析：
    The Aborigines为澳大利亚土著居民，直到1770年航海家詹姆斯·库克在澳大利亚东海岸登陆，并宣布澳大利亚为英国殖民地。The Maoris是毛利人，新西兰第一个土著民族。The Indians为印第安人，是美洲土著人种。The Eskimos是爱斯基摩人，是居住在北美地区的北冰洋海岸与格陵兰岛部分地区以及西伯利亚东北地区的土著居民，通常用来指居住在阿拉斯加和加拿大的北美土著居民。

  • 第13题：

    We may infer from the second paragraph that

    A．DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.

    B．in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.

    C．historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson's life.

    D．political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.


    正确答案：D
    根据排除法A项中的widely是错误的，排除;B项中说的太笼统，而第二段在讲关于slavery. C项中deliberately和made up是不对的。因此选D。

  • 第14题：

    Their present status of middleclassdom came_____.(She Is an Unwilling Tool of Middleclassdom)

    A. about 12 years ago

    B. within the last ten years

    C. in the early 70s

    D. before inflation hit


    正确答案：C

  • 第15题：

    For centuries, the Atlantic Ocean kept the New World from____by the people of Europe

    A.discover

    B.discovered

    C.discovering

    D.being discovered


    参考答案：D

  • 第16题：

    资料：People differ greatly in their readiness to try new products. In each product area，there are“consumption pioneers”and early adopters. Other individuals adopt new products much later. After a slow start，an increasing number of people adopt the new product.
    The five-adopter groups have different values. Innovators are venturesome-they try new ideas at risk. Early adopters are guided by respect-they are opinion leaders in their communities and adopt new ideas early but carefully. The early majority are deliberate-although they rarely are leaders，they adopt new ideas before the average person. The late majority skeptical-they adopt an innovation only after a majority of people have tried it. Finally，laggards are tradition bound-they are suspicious of changes and adopt the innovation only when it has become something of a tradition itself.

    Which group adopts new ideas before the average person？

    A.Early adopters
    B.Innovators
    C.The early majority
    D.All above

    答案：D
    解析：
    本题考查的是细节理解。
    【关键词】 group adopts new ideas before the average person
    【主题句】 第2自然段Innovators are venturesome-they try new ideas at risk。Early adopters are guided by respect-they are opinion leaders in their communities and adopt new ideas early but carefully。The early majority are deliberate-although they rarely are leaders，they adopt new ideas before the average person。创新者是冒险主义者，他们敢于冒险尝试新的想法。早期采纳者地位受人尊重，他们是所在团体的意见领袖，并早早而谨慎地采纳新的想法。早期多数人是深思熟虑的，尽管他们很少是领导者，但他们在普通人之前采纳新的想法。
    【解析】本题的问题是“哪一团体在普通人之前接纳新想法？”。 A选项“早期接纳者”；B选项“创新者”；C选项“早期多数人”；D选项“以上皆是”。根据题目中关键词找到主题句，前三种团体都是在普通人之前采纳新的想法，选项D正确。

  • 第17题：

    （ ）a method of obtaining early feedback on requirements by providing aworking model of the expected product before actually building it.

    A.Prototypes
    B.Object oriented
    C.StructureD.method
    D.Iterative methoD.

    答案：A
    解析：
    翻译：原型方法是在早期获得需求后，先建立一个模型，之后再开发产品。A．原型法 B．面向对象法C．结构化法 D．迭代法

  • 第18题：

    Australia has very strict laws relating to the importation and possession of certain goods. Food, plant material and animal products from overseas, including many common souvenirs, could introduce some of the world′s most serious pests and diseases into Australia. Failing to declare quarantine items (需要检疫的物品) on arrival could destroy our agriculture, tourism industries and special environment.
    Every piece of luggage will be screened orx-rayed on arrival in Australia. So you must declare for inspection of all food, plant material and animal products to check that they are free of pest sand diseases.
    You must tick YES on the InformingPassenger Card (IPC) to declare if you are carrying any food, plant material oranimal products. In signing the IPC, passengers who are making a legal declaration and failing to answer all questions truth fully can have serious consequences.
    If you fail to declare or dispose of (处理) any quarantine items, or make a false declaration:
    * you will get caught;
    * you could be fined over A $ 200on-the-spot; or you could be prosecuted and fined more than A $ 60,000 and riskup to 10 years imprisonment;
    If you are not sure about the items you are carrying, ask a quarantine officer who will determine whether they are allowed into Australia.

    The reason why you are asked todeclare quarantine items on arrival is that ____________.

    A.too many overseas products could destroy Australia' s tourism industry
    B.animal products are often the cause of various diseases
    C.as is known to us all, bad food can spread diseases easily
    D.these items may carry dangerous pests or diseases into AustraliA.

    答案：D
    解析：
    细节题。定位于文章第一段中“Food，plant material and animal products from overseas， including many common souvenirs，couldintroduce some of the world’s most serious pests and diseases into Australia．Failing to declare quarantine items(需要检疫的物品)on arrival could destroy our agriculture，tourism industries and special environment．”即游客携带的来自海外的食品、动植物产品可能携带了世界上最危险的虫害及疾病。因此，D项是其原因。

  • 第19题：

    History is the story of（）happened to the people before today.

    Awhichever

    Bwhomever

    Cwhatever

    Dwherever


    C
    略

  • 第20题：

    单选题
    According to Boyden Gray, at dinner parties you should _____.
    A

    listen to others instead of talking too much

    B

    drink no alcohol before you go

    C

    arrive as early as possible

    D

    leave after the parties are over


    正确答案： D
    解析：
    第七至九段作者引用前白宫官员的话说：“尽量倾听晚宴上你同伴的讲话，自己不要说太多。”

  • 第21题：

    单选题
    Why does the author call lichens pioneers?
    A

    Because they developed so early in the history of the planet.

    B

    Because of their primitive structure.

    C

    Because they prepare soil for other plants.

    D

    Because they were the first plants to live in Antarctica.


    正确答案： A
    解析：
    细节题。题干中的关键词为pioneers，该词出现在第一段最后一句，该句中的伴随状语提到appearing in barren rocky areas and starting the formation of soil in which mosses, then ferns, and then other plants can take root （它们在贫瘠的多岩石地区生长，开始了土壤的形成，之后各种植物才得以据此生根），由于前一句指出（地衣是生长在南极洲的植物之一），可知选项C（它们是首先在南极洲生存的植物）符合文意。

  • 第22题：

    单选题
    History is the story of（）happened to the people before today.
    A

    whichever

    B

    whomever

    C

    whatever

    D

    wherever


    正确答案： C
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第23题：

    判断题
    In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.
    A

    对

    B

    错


    正确答案： 对
    解析： 暂无解析

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