单选题What, according to the passage, makes the research conducted by the scientists at the Oregon Department of Health so unique?A The fact that the scientists managed to measure the average hourly increase of NNK.B The fact that the scientists succeeded in
题目
单选题
What, according to the passage, makes the research conducted by the scientists at the Oregon Department of Health so unique?
A
The fact that the scientists managed to measure the average hourly increase of NNK.
B
The fact that the scientists succeeded in making more people realize the harm of smoking.
C
The fact that the scientists did a lot of experiments on smokers in public areas.
D
The fact that the scientists discovered NNK, a carcinogen in cigarette smoke.
相似考题
更多“单选题What, according to the passage, makes the research conducted by the scientists at the Oregon Department of Health so unique?A The fact that the scientists managed to measure the average hourly increase of NNK.B The fact that the scientists succeeded in”相关问题
-
第1题：
The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that__________.A.scientists have found a way to prolong the period of clinical death
B.biological death occurs when vital organs have suffered permanent damage
C.modern scientists divide the process of dying into clinical and biological death
D.cooling delays the processes leading to biological death答案：A解析：A项“科学家已找到延长临床死亡的办法”最能够体现全文主旨。 -
第2题：
共用题干
第三篇
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一
flowering,the appearance of leaves and the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists
can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not
enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change
across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific
research interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc.and send their observations to a giant database to be
observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they
would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a
hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live in.All that's needed to become
one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send them in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology
Network."Phenology"is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant
flowering and leafing eveiy year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle data on a variety of
common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every-
one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their neighbor-
hood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect these data,we'll be
able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate
changes."In"All that's needed to become one…（Paragraph 2)",what does the word"one"stand for?
A:A citizen journalist.
B:A citizen scientist?
C:A scientist.
D:A citizen.答案：B解析：
短文第一段提到科学家们不可能观察每一个地方的气候变化的现象，所以邀请普通人 为他们观察、收集信息。
短文第二段讲到，平民科学家运动鼓励普通人根据自己的兴趣来观察某一个特定的方 面，并把他们的观察结果发送到一个巨大的数据库来供专业科学家研究。结合选项，可知答案 为B。
短文第二段最后一句话的后半部分“所要做的仅仅是每天或每周抽出几分钟的时间来 收集数据并发送到数据库”可知，"one”是针对citizen scientist来说的。
全文都在讲述普通人参与科学项目的研究，只有A选项不符合题意。其他选项都能在 文中找到。
短文最后一段指出，通过收集数据，我们就能够估算出气候变化对植物和生物群落会 有怎样的影响。所以选D。第5部分：补全短文 -
第3题：
The scientists have conducted a series of experiments.A:actions
B:tests
C:effects
D:technologies答案：B解析：科学家们已经进行了一系列的实验。action“行动，活动”，如：The government is taking actions to deal with a housing crisis．政府正在采取行动解决住房危机。test“试验”，如：I try to finish the test within ten minutes．我试图在10分钟之内完成这项试验。 effect “影响”，如：The sunshine has many effects on the skin．阳光对皮肤有很多种影响。technology “技术”，如：Science and technology are the primary productive force．科学技术是第一生产力。只有tests意思上和experiments最接近。 -
第4题：
共用题干
第二篇
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一
flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists
（生态学家）can' t be everywhere so they' re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists,
for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not
enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of c1imat。 ehang,
across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe "very specific
research interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc. and send their observations to a giant database
（数据库）to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large
amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping
large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.All
that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phonology
Network."Phenology"is what scientists eni1 the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant
flowering and leafing every year. The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life eyele data on a variety
of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every-
one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their
neighborhood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data,
we'll be able to make an estimate of how p'ants and communities（生物群落）of plants and animals will re-
spond as the climate changes."What are citizen scientists asked to do?
A:To develop a specific research interest and become professional scientists.
B:To send their research observations to a professional database.
C:To increase their knowledge about climate change.
D:To keep a record of their research observations.答案：B解析：由第二段可知，科学家是在请普通公民观察气候变化的某些迹象并将数据传到指定网址上，故选Co
由第二段第三句“…encourages ordinary people to observe a very spccific research interesl—…send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists."可知应选B。
仔细看该词所在句的前一句“Much like citizen journalists.., citizen scientists are ready for...”可知，one指one of citizen scientists。所以正确答案为B。
文章倒数第二段提到“People participating in the project一which ie open to everyone"，山 此可知这个计划向所有人开放，因此A为本题答案。
文章第一句“Understanding how nature responds to climate change"和文章最后一句“…to make an estimatc of how planu and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.”都给出了研究的目的，所以D为正确答案。第三篇 本文主要介绍了撒哈扛沙漠的地理位置、气候权况、农业和交通运输状况 -
第5题：
According to the passage，mathematicians present a danger to scientists for which of the following reasons？( )A.Mathematicians may provide theories that are incompatible with those already developed by scientists
B.Mathematicians may define situation in a way that is incomprehensible to scientists
C.Mathematicians may convince scientists that theoretical assumptions are facts
D.Scientists may begin to provide arguments that are convincing but imprecise答案：C解析：
-
第6题：
She's part of a team of scientists who are（）upon cancer research.
- A、worked
- B、arranged
- C、engaged
- D、involved
正确答案:C -
第7题：
单选题According to the passage, scientists can’t observe some of the earliest steps in brain activity becausee.Athose changes are subtle and masked by some reactions
Bsubtle changes in blood flow began earlier
Cthe imaging techniques are out of place
Dthe flow of blood to increase to an area of the brain is slow
正确答案： B解析：
细节题。文章第一段提到“Scientists…have been missing some of the earliest steps in brain activity because those changes are subtle and are masked by reactions that happen seconds later…”，其中have been missing对应题干中的can’t observe，由此可知选项A为正确答案。 -
第8题：
单选题According to some scientists, the computer will do much harm to people’s health as smoking and drugs do.Adoes much harm...smoking
Bwill do as much harm...cigarettes
Cwill do so much harm...smoking
Ddoes as much harm...cigarettes
正确答案： A解析：
同级比较，即as…as…句型。该句中will表示推测，原句中as后面连接了的两个词为并列成分，划线部分也应该用名词，即将smoking改为cigarettes。因此答案为选项B。 -
第9题：
单选题According to the passage, what would happen to healthy cells within 48 hours of exposure to radio waves?AThe number of healthy cells will keep declining as more and more of them die.
BThe number of healthy cells will initially drop before recovering rapidly.
CThe number of healthy cells will be on steady increase throughout the process.
DThe scientists have not yet arrived at any conclusion on this issue.
正确答案： C解析：
事实细节的找寻和判断。根据上题解析可知，暴露在无线电波之下24小时，被杀死的白血病细胞比正常细胞数量多出20%。但录音中同时指出“longer exposure to the radio waves triggered genes in the surviving cancer cells to divide aggressively”，可知若接受超过24小时（48小时）的连续辐射后，残余癌细胞中的基因会大量繁殖。但对于健康细胞的影响，有关科学家表示“We don’t know what the effects would be on healthy human cells”，由此可知，选项D与录音原文相符。 -
第10题：
单选题The scientists have absolute freedom as to what research they think it best to_______Apursue
Bdevote
Cadjust
Dengage
正确答案： C解析：
科学家有绝对的自由去从事他们认为最棒的研究。pursue research从事研究，进行研究。devote to把…奉献；把…专用。adjust to适应，调节；使适合于…。engage in参加；从事；忙于…。 -
第11题：
单选题According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?AThe potential health hazards of mobile phones call for further research.
BThe Australian scientists find no connection between growth of tumors in human body and radiation from mobile phones.
CThe Italian scientists’ belief is shared by other scientists.
DThe British government inquiry didn’t establish any link between health risks and use of mobile phones.
正确答案： A解析：
事实细节的识别和判断。根据原文可知，澳大利亚科学家发现手机辐射并不能引发肿瘤的增长(...have shown that radiation from mobile phones does not trigger the growth of tumors)，由此可见选项B的说法与原文不符，是正确答案。
【录音原文】
Italian scientists have raised new health concerns about the safety of using mobile phones, with research showing radio waves from the handsets makes cancerous cells grow more aggressively. When Fiorenzo Marinelli and his colleagues at the National Research Council in Bologna exposed leukemia cells in the laboratory to 48 hours of continuous radio waves they initially killed the cancer cells but then made the surviving tumor cells replicate more rapidly.
“We don’t know what the effects would be on healthy human cells,” Marinelli told New Scientist magazine. In the Italian study, after 24 hours 20 percent more leukemia cells died than healthy cells but longer exposure to the radio waves triggered genes in the surviving cancer cells to divide aggressively.
The results of the study do not show any direct threat to human health but they support the belief of some scientists who say radiation can damage DNA and destroy the cell repair system, thus making tumors more deadly. But animal studies, including recent research by Australian scientists at the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science in Adelaide, have shown that radiation from mobile phones does not trigger the growth of tumors.
The WHO (i.e., The World Health Organization) has called for more research into the potential health hazards of mobile phones and has urged people to limit their use of them. A British government inquiry, which concluded that there was no evidence that mobile phones are a danger to health, has advised parents to discourage their children, whose brains are still developing, from using them excessively. -
第12题：
单选题According to Seed, he has ______ scientists working with him.Aone
Btwo
Cthree
Dfour
正确答案： B解析：
文章第二段提到“but he won’t name him or the three other scientists who he says make up his team”，可知Seed的合作者共有四人。故答案为D项。 -
第13题：
共用题干
Cloning（克隆）:Future Pertect?
1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell.Since Scottish
scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997,research
into cloning has grown rapidly.In May 1998,scientists in Massachusetts managed to
create two identical calves（牛犊）using cloning technology. A mouse has also been
cloned successfully.But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago
physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement:"We will have managed to clonen
a human being within the next two years."he told the world.
2 Seed's announcement provoked a lot of media attention,most of it negative.In Europe,
nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the U.S.
the President announced:"We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many
states in the U.S. will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year."
3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning.They are worried that laws banning
human cloning will threaten important research.In March,The New England
Joumal of
Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken.Many
researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it,human cloning will have become
routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.
4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world?The public has been
bombarded（轰炸）with newspaper articles , television shows and films , as well as
cartoons.Such information is often misleading,and makes people wonder what on earth
the scientists will be doing next.
5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cioning
humans.It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our
child to look like.But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds,the anti-cloners
ask. Pretty cool , answer the pro-cloners（赞成克隆的人）.Within ten years scientists will probably have______.
A:the nucleus of a cell
B:cloned human beings
C:a human being in two years
D:a law to ban human cloning
E:a report on human cloning
F:heavy media coverage答案：B解析： -
第14题：
共用题干
第三篇
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一
flowering,the appearance of leaves and the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists
can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not
enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change
across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific
research interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc.and send their observations to a giant database to be
observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they
would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a
hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live in.All that's needed to become
one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send them in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology
Network."Phenology"is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant
flowering and leafing eveiy year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle data on a variety of
common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every-
one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their neighbor-
hood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect these data,we'll be
able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate
changes."What are citizen scientists asked to do?
A:To develop a specific research interest and become professional scientists.
B:To send their research observations to a professional database.
C:To increase their knowledge about climate change.
D:To keep a record of their research observations.答案：B解析：
短文第一段提到科学家们不可能观察每一个地方的气候变化的现象，所以邀请普通人 为他们观察、收集信息。
短文第二段讲到，平民科学家运动鼓励普通人根据自己的兴趣来观察某一个特定的方 面，并把他们的观察结果发送到一个巨大的数据库来供专业科学家研究。结合选项，可知答案 为B。
短文第二段最后一句话的后半部分“所要做的仅仅是每天或每周抽出几分钟的时间来 收集数据并发送到数据库”可知，"one”是针对citizen scientist来说的。
全文都在讲述普通人参与科学项目的研究，只有A选项不符合题意。其他选项都能在 文中找到。
短文最后一段指出，通过收集数据，我们就能够估算出气候变化对植物和生物群落会 有怎样的影响。所以选D。第5部分：补全短文 -
第15题：
共用题干
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events-flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring-all around the world.But ecologists can't be______(51)so they are turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.______(52)there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they are asking for your help in_______(53)signs of climate change across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages______(54)people to observe a very specific research interest-birds,trees,flowers budding,etc-and send their observations______(55)a giant database to be observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a______(56)amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.______(57)like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.______(58)that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and_______(59)it in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year______(60) the National
Phenology（生物气候学）Network."Phenology" is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists______(61)to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle______(62)on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project-which is______(63)to everyone-record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't______(64)to be plant experts-they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,"says Jennifer Scheartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data,we'11 be able to make an'estimate of______(65)plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes."_________63
A:common
B:suitable
C:open
D:strange答案：C解析：空格后的句子表明，生态学家正向公民科学家寻求帮助，可推测出每个地方不可能都有生态学家。故此处应选择A项。 everywhere每个地方；anywhere任何地方（通常用于疑问句或否定句）;somewhere某些地方；nowhere任何地方都不。
此处表示：因为世界上有很多地方，但科学家的数量却不足，所以他们才寻求帮助。所以选择D项。if如果，倘若；although尽管；when当……的时候；because因为。
气候变化的迹象需要人们进行“观察”。give给，给予；show展示；develop发展，开发； observe观察，观测。
结合上下文可知，公民科学家运动鼓励一般人观察非常具体的研究对象。special特殊的；professional专业的；skillful熟练的；ordinary普通的，一般的。
send…to…是固定搭配，表示“把……送往……”，符合题意。
公民科学家帮助搜集数据，为数不多的气候学家就可以分析大量的数据。空格处应该是在强调数据量的庞大，因此选择D项。small小的，少的limited有限的simple简单的，朴素的large大的，大规模的。
空格所在的句子把公民记者与公民科学家进行比较，表明他们的作用相似。much like 表示“就像……一样”，其中much修饰like，符合题意。very like与……很像，但不能用在句首，因此排除A项like与as都有“像……一样”的意思，若连用则意思重复，因此排除C项； many是形容词，不能修饰介词like，因此排除D项。
第二段最后一句表明，要想成为公民科学家中的一员，需要做的全部事情就是每天或每周留出几分钟来搜集并发送数据。all全部，所有；any任何；some一些，某些；most大多数，大部分。
根据第二段第三句可知，公民科学家搜集完信息后要将信息发往一个巨大的数据库，供专业科学家进行分析，所以此处选用send(送往，发送）。print打印，冲洗；answer回答；keep 保持，保留。
此处表示被称为国家物候网络的组织，应该用called，表示事物与名称的关系。known 被知道，若要表示“被称为”应用known as ; featured有……的特征；belonged属于，是……的成员；called被称为，被叫作。
这句话的大意是：这个团体最初的努力要依靠科学家和非科学家这类人去搜集花开叶落的信息。alike相似的，一类的（人或物），通常作后置定语；like相似的，一般作前置定语；un-like不同的; likely可能的，有希望的。
本句大意是：花季追踪计划搜集美国各地的植物的生长周期的数据。而且四个选项中唯有data可以与collects（搜集）搭配。point观点，看法；wonder奇迹，惊奇；data数据；interest 兴趣。
本句大意是：参与这一项目的人―这一项目对所有人开放―他们仅仅需要看看周围有什么。common普通的，平常的；suitable合适的；open开放的；strange奇怪的。
don't have to是固定搭配，意思是“无需，不必”，符合题意。want想要；forget忘记；mind 介意。
这句话的大意是：通过搜集数据，我们就能估算出植物和生物群落对气候变化会做出怎样的反应。how表示对方式的提问，用在此处符合题意。wh。谁，用来提问或连接先行词为人的定语从句；before在……之前；since自从，常用来引导时间状语从句，从句常用过去时，主句常用现在完成时。 -
第16题：
The fact_______his health is bad is not true.A.which
B.that
C.as
D.what答案：B解析： -
第17题：
According to the passage，mathematicians present a danger to scientists for which of the following reasons？( )A.Mathematicians may provide theories that are incompatible with those already developed by scientists.
B.Mathematicians may define situation in a way that is incomprehensible to scientists.
C.Mathematicians may convince scientists that theoretical assumptions are facts.
D.Scientists may begin to provide arguments that are convincing but imprecise.答案：C解析：
-
第18题：
单选题According to the passage, the scientists carried out their researches on ______.Asmokers from different parts of the world
Bsmokers from different states in the United States
Cactors and actresses who smoke a lot
Dwait staff and bartenders
正确答案： D解析：
推断题。答案来自第一段最后：…nonsmokers working in bars and restaurants in the state.由此可知其实验对象为酒吧与餐厅的侍者，答案为D。 -
第19题：
单选题What, according to the passage, makes the research conducted by the scientists at the Oregon Department of Health so unique?AThe fact that the scientists managed to measure the average hourly increase of NNK.
BThe fact that the scientists succeeded in making more people realize the harm of smoking.
CThe fact that the scientists did a lot of experiments on smokers in public areas.
DThe fact that the scientists discovered NNK, a carcinogen in cigarette smoke.
正确答案： A解析：
细节理解题。答案来自第三段：“We were somewhat surprised by the immediacy of the effect and the fact that we could measure the average hourly increase.” -
第20题：
单选题According to scientists diabetes causes all the following EXCEPT_____.Alack of insulin
Baccumulation of sugar energy
Cbrain damages
Ddisorder in the immune system
正确答案： D解析：
最后一段提到糖尿病发生的原因。首先是免疫系统，它非但不抵御进去体内的细菌，反而攻击身体的某些部位，所以免疫系统混乱，不能正常工作，故D正确。糖尿病将胰岛里产生胰岛素的细胞杀死，没有了胰岛素就不能吸收糖分，糖分堆积在体液中和其他组织中，体内缺少糖分提供能量，故A，B正确。C在文中并未提及。 -
第21题：
单选题It is implied in the passage that ______.Amany scientists had known dinoflagellate before 1988
Bthere had been no such organisms before 1988
Cmany scientists were in doubt about the nature of the organism in 1988
Dno scientists knew anything about the organism in 1988
正确答案： B解析：
推断题。第二段第二句提到1988年在北卡罗莱纳州立大学发现了这种生物时，“few scientists believed in its existence, much less in its highly unusual predatory nature.”，可知那时几乎没有科学家会相信microscopic organisms真的存在，更没有人相信它非同寻常的食肉天性（predatory nature）了。换句话说就是许多科学家对microscopic organisms的食肉天性表示怀疑，因此选项C为正确答案。 -
第22题：
单选题Scientists should be kept _____ of the latest developments in their research areas.Ainform
Binforming
Cinformed
Dto inform
正确答案： C解析：
本题考查分词用法。句意：科学家们要通晓他们所在研究领域的最新发展。本题中，科学家是被告知的对象，是动作的接受者，所以要用被动形式，因此选过去分词informed。故C项正确。 -
第23题：
单选题According to this passage, _____.AEnglish is a sexist language
Bonly in this scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly
Cwomen are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language
Dmale nouns or pronouns should not used to refer to scientists
正确答案： C解析：
文章第三段明确指出科学界妇女增多是整个社会的趋势的组成部分。由于妇女在科学界的贡献，所以不能再用阳性名词或代词去指科学界，因而这本书adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible。选项D为正确答案。 -
第24题：
单选题She's part of a team of scientists who are（）upon cancer research.Aworked
Barranged
Cengaged
Dinvolved
正确答案： A解析： 暂无解析