问答题Passage 2 A new form of cloning to provide every baby with an embryonic “twin”, from which spare body parts could be grown and life threatening diseases treated is expected to be approved within weeks by senior government advisers on medical ethics.
题目
问答题
Passage 2 A new form of cloning to provide every baby with an embryonic “twin”, from which spare body parts could be grown and life threatening diseases treated is expected to be approved within weeks by senior government advisers on medical ethics. If their report is accepted by ministers, it would mean that Britain—which 20 years ago pioneered the test tube baby and last year produced Dolly, the world’s first cloned mammal—could be the first to clone a human embryo. A working party from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) and the Human Genetics Advisory Commission is expected to come down firmly against reproductive cloning, the process of replicating a living human being. It is expected to recommend government support of so called stem ceils. Stem cells are extracted and used to grow spare parts, treat diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s or address the debilitating effects of cancer, strokes and heart attacks. Dr Austin Smith, the scientist likely to be granted the first licence for the work, said that within the next 12 years it would be routine for every baby to have an embryonic clone. “All it takes now is financial investment,” said Smith, director of Edinburgh University’s centre for genome research. The crucial discovery of embryonic stem cells, from which skin, bone, muscles, nerves and vital organs grow, was made earlier this month by scientists in America. In a submission to the HFEA, Smith said that in order to isolate these cells it is only necessary for the embryo to develop in the laboratory for six days, well within the 14-day limit of current regulation. The cells would then be grown and manipulated to make anything from blood or brain cells to tissue for repairing damaged organs and, ultimately, parts that could be transplanted without fear of the host body rejecting them. The development is likely to meet strong opposition from the church. Dr Donald Bruce, Director of the Society, Religion and Technology Project of the church of Scotland Said that creating an embryo in the knowledge that it would then be destroyed was “very disturbing” to most people. Father Paul Murray, secretary to the Catholic bishops joint bio-ethics committee, said that whatever the potential benefits, it should be regarded as “intrinsically evil” because the research depended on the use of foetal material. However, Professor Christine Gosden, professor of genetic medicine at Liverpool University, one of the four senior government advisers on the cloning sub-committee, said there would be no opportunity for abuse. For many years, patients with Parkinson’s disease who did not respond to drugs have been treated with brain cells extracted from aborted foetuses, a practice approved by a committee led by the Rev Dr John Polkinghorne, the prominent ethicist. Gosden said the arguments for the use of aborted foetal cells and therapeutic cloning were similar: “Before you have a disease, it is easy to say, ‘I would not use cells derived from a foetus’, but if you suffer from that disease, and that is your only hope, your approach can be quite different.” 1. What is the new form of cloning discussed in the passage? What is the purpose of such cloning? 2. Summarise the different views on embryo cloning discussed in the passage. 3. Explain the statement “All it takes now is financial investment.” in para. 6. 4. What is the significance of the discovery of embryonic stem cells?
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更多“问答题Passage 2 A new form of cloning to provide every baby with an embryonic “twin”, from which spare body parts could be grown and life threatening diseases treated is expected to be approved within weeks by senior government advisers on medical ethics. ”相关问题
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第1题：
community health service is a continual ______ ,from a new－born baby to the end of one's life.参考答案：process
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第2题：
which machineries and spare parts should the third engineer be in charge of ?
正确答案：On my last vessel ,I was in charge of the following machines and the spare parts thereof :boiler , emergency batteries ,fresh water generator ,air conditions ,.refrigeration units ,electric insulations ,main switch board ,electric parts of deck machineris (winch ,windlass ,hatch cover equipment ) and some other machines as designated by the chief engineer .
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第3题：
The moral shortsightedness is revealed in the fact that _____.
［A］ the government has stopped the experiment on human tissue
［B］ the donation consent forms are difficult to understand
［C］ the Human Tissues Act is an obstacle to important medical research
［D］ embryonic research shows disregard for human life
正确答案：C
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第4题：
Part A 2 BBC ‘s Casualty programme on Saturday evening gave viewers a vote as to which of two patients should benefit from a donation. But it failed to tell us that we would not need to make so many life-and-death decisions if we got to grip with the chronic organ shortage. Being pussyfooting around in its approach to dead bodies, the Government is giving a kicking to some of the most vulnerable in our society. One depressing consequence of this is that a significant number of those on the waiting list take off to foreign countries to purchase an organ from a living third-world donor, something that is forbidden in the United Kingdom. The poor have no option but to wait in vain.
The Human Tissue Authority’s position on the retention of body parts for medical research after a post-mortem examination is equally flawed. The new consent forms could have been drafted by some evil person seeking to stop the precious flow of human tissue into the pathological laboratory. The forms are so lengthy that doctors rarely have time to complete them and, even if they try, the wording is so graphic that relatives tend to leg it before signing. In consequence, the number of post mortems has fallen quickly.
The wider worry is that the moral shortsightedness evident in the Human Tissue Act seems to infect every facet of the contemporary debate on medical ethics. Take the timid approach to embryonic stem cell research. The United States, for example, refuses government funding to scientists who wish to carry out potentially ground-breaking research on the surplus embryos created by IVF treatment.
Senators profess to be worried that embryonic research fails to respect the dignity of “potential persons”. Rarely can such a vacuous concept have found its way into a debate claming to provide enlightenment. When is this “potential” supposed to kick in? In case you were wondering, these supposedly precious embryos are at the same stage of development as those that are routinely terminated by the Pill without anyone crying. Thankfully, the British Government has refused the position of the United States and operates one of the most liberal regimes in Europe, in which licences have been awarded to researchers to create embryos for medical research. It is possible that, in years to come, scientists will be able to grow organs in the lab and find cures for a range of debilitating diseases.
The fundamental problem with our approach to ethics is our inability to separate emotion from policy. The only factor that should enter our moral and legal deliberations is that of welfare, a concept that is meaningless when applied to entities that lack self-consciousness. Never forget that the research that we are so reluctant to conduct upon embryos and dead bodies is routinely carried out on living, pain-sensitive animals.
第6题：Which of the following is true of Sony’s acquisition of Columbia Pictures?
［A］ It was motivated by Morita’s desire to project an image of success.
［B］ Sony’s top executives were quite convinced of its benefits for the company.
［C］ Entertainment industry insiders believed it was the failure of Hollywood.
［D］ It was the expensive expansion from electronics into entertainment.
正确答案：D
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第5题：
Hurricane warnings are issued ______ when winds of force 12 or above are expected.
A.in all parts of the world
B.in some parts of the world
C.from all corners of the world
D.from every corner of the world
正确答案：B
世界某些地方仅当预计风力在12级以上时，才发大风警报。 -
第6题：
The authorities approved the new round of local infrastructure development.A:author
B:authentication
C:authorizer
D:government答案：D解析：当局批准了新一轮地方基础设施建设。author“作者”，如：Hemingway is the author of many great books．海明威著有很多经典作品。authentication“鉴定，认证”，如：All the antiques have gone through authentication.所有的古董都已通过鉴定。authorizer“授权人”，如： The authorizer of this document is Chairman of the company．这个文件的授权人是公司董事长。 government“政府，当局”，如：Government announced a new policy on real estate development．政府公布了关于房地产开发的一项新政策。只有government意思上和authorities最接近。 -
第7题：
共用题干
第一篇
The Mystery of Clones
Scientists have cloned goats,cats,cows,pigs and mice.Now it has been suggested by many commentators and scientists that it might be ethically acceptable to clone existing people in certain cases.One possibility is generating a replacement for a dying relative.All such possibilities,however,makes more and more people concerned that it would be possible that the clone is subjected to expectations and limitations based on the family's knowledge of the genetic"twin",so he or she would not be treated as an individual with independent personality.For the reason that human personality is only partly determined by genes,those assumptions might not be right.The clone of a shy person might behave quite differently if he or she is brought up in a family with encouraging atmosphere.Clones of writers,scholars,scientists or athletes are very likely to choose different careers because of chance event in early life.
Some researchers have suggested the idea that couples,in which one part is infertile,might choose to make a copy of one or the other partner. But the notion raises the concerns that the child who is a copy of just one of a couple might not treat naturally,and it is not in the interests of the resulting kid.Moreover,the treatments of all known types of infertility are available nowadays;conventional therapies seem more ethnically acceptable to ordinary people's way of thinking,so the majority of population strongly opposed to allowing cloned human embryos（胚胎）to develop.
However,the positive side of the cloning technology cannot be denied,for instance,cloning from cultured cells will provide essential medical opportunities.Scientists are trying to grow an embryo,cloned from a single cell of a human being with goals to design therapies for diseases which are currently untreatable.
Of course,people's predictions about this new technology might be all wrong,because social attitudes change and unexpected developments take place.Only time will tell.But biomedical researchers who are dedicated to finding the potential of cloning have plenty to do.Maybe someday soon,a human will be cloned,and mankind will embark on a scientific and moral journey whose destination is not under his own control. Or maybe one day you will be happy to have a clone of your own.What is people's concern about cloning a child for infertile couples?
A:The child might not be treated kindly.
B:It's not for the good of the resulting child.
C:The couples would not accept the resulting child.
D:It would be wild to have a clone of one's own.答案：B解析：从文章第一段的第五句“human personality is only partly determined by genes”可以看出人类的性格只是部分由基因决定。接着又说一个害羞的人的克隆人若成长于一个拥有激励氛围的家庭，那么也可能会表现得截然不同，所以所处的环境也对人的性格产生影响。由此可以判断A正确。
第二段第二句谈到被克隆出的孩子可能不会被父母以自然的方式对待， "it is not in the interests of the resulting kid"，所以选B，意为“这对孩子没有好处”,not good for 和文中的not in the interests of意思一样。
第三段提到克隆的积极面也不可否定，如“design therapies for diseases which are currently untreatable"，所以选D。
综观全文，作者提到了人们对于克隆技术的担心，也谈到克隆技术的积极面，所以作者态度是客观的、中立的（neutral：中立的），而不是赞同的（approved)或是不赞同的(disapproved）。
最后一段说到人们对这个新技术的预测可能都是错的，所以“Only time will tell"，没有人能真正知道克隆技术的未来如何，只有随着时间的流逝，克隆技术所带来的影响才能逐一显现出来，所以A正确。 -
第8题：
共用题干
第一篇
The Mystery of Clones
Scientists have cloned goats,cats,cows,pigs and mice.Now it has been suggested by many commentators and scientists that it might be ethically acceptable to clone existing people in certain cases.One possibility is generating a replacement for a dying relative.All such possibilities,however,makes more and more people concerned that it would be possible that the clone is subjected to expectations and limitations based on the family's knowledge of the genetic"twin",so he or she would not be treated as an individual with independent personality.For the reason that human personality is only partly determined by genes,those assumptions might not be right.The clone of a shy person might behave quite differently if he or she is brought up in a family with encouraging atmosphere.Clones of writers,scholars,scientists or athletes are very likely to choose different careers because of chance event in early life.
Some researchers have suggested the idea that couples,in which one part is infertile,might choose to make a copy of one or the other partner. But the notion raises the concerns that the child who is a copy of just one of a couple might not treat naturally,and it is not in the interests of the resulting kid.Moreover,the treatments of all known types of infertility are available nowadays;conventional therapies seem more ethnically acceptable to ordinary people's way of thinking,so the majority of population strongly opposed to allowing cloned human embryos（胚胎）to develop.
However,the positive side of the cloning technology cannot be denied,for instance,cloning from cultured cells will provide essential medical opportunities.Scientists are trying to grow an embryo,cloned from a single cell of a human being with goals to design therapies for diseases which are currently untreatable.
Of course,people's predictions about this new technology might be all wrong,because social attitudes change and unexpected developments take place.Only time will tell.But biomedical researchers who are dedicated to finding the potential of cloning have plenty to do.Maybe someday soon,a human will be cloned,and mankind will embark on a scientific and moral journey whose destination is not under his own control. Or maybe one day you will be happy to have a clone of your own.Which of the following uses of cloning is justifiable,according to the passage?
A:To have a clone of one's own.
B:To replace a dying relative.
C:To help infertile couples to have a child.
D:To cure currently untreatable diseases.答案：D解析：从文章第一段的第五句“human personality is only partly determined by genes”可以看出人类的性格只是部分由基因决定。接着又说一个害羞的人的克隆人若成长于一个拥有激励氛围的家庭，那么也可能会表现得截然不同，所以所处的环境也对人的性格产生影响。由此可以判断A正确。
第二段第二句谈到被克隆出的孩子可能不会被父母以自然的方式对待， "it is not in the interests of the resulting kid"，所以选B，意为“这对孩子没有好处”,not good for 和文中的not in the interests of意思一样。
第三段提到克隆的积极面也不可否定，如“design therapies for diseases which are currently untreatable"，所以选D。
综观全文，作者提到了人们对于克隆技术的担心，也谈到克隆技术的积极面，所以作者态度是客观的、中立的（neutral：中立的），而不是赞同的（approved)或是不赞同的(disapproved）。
最后一段说到人们对这个新技术的预测可能都是错的，所以“Only time will tell"，没有人能真正知道克隆技术的未来如何，只有随着时间的流逝，克隆技术所带来的影响才能逐一显现出来，所以A正确。 -
第9题：
单选题From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those _____.Awho are at the bottom of the society
Bwho are higher up in their social status
Cwho prove better than their fellow-competitors
Dwho could keep far away from this competitive world
正确答案： A解析：
第三段前四句讲到，居于社会高层的人并没有感到更少的焦虑，他们在某些方面会有更大的不安全感，因为他们处于一个高度竞争的环境中。可据此推断，也许那些远离竞争环境的人才会得到真正的幸福和快乐。 -
第10题：
单选题Which of the following statements about IKK∈ is INCORRECT?AThe basic job of IKK∈ is to protect the body from diseases.
BIKK∈ is a kind of protein.
CIKK∈ is linked with many immune diseases.
DThe mice missing IKK∈ genes gain much more weight.
正确答案： C解析：
由文章第五段第二句But the knockout mice did gain significantly less可知，那些缺少IKKE的老鼠体重增加很小，因此D选项错误。 -
第11题：
问答题Practice 1 After nearly a year of emotional arguments in Congress but no new federal laws the national debate over the future of human cloning has shifted to the states. Six states have already banned cloning in one form or another，and this year alone 38 anticloning measures were introduced in 22 states. The resulting patchwork of laws，people on all sides of the issue say，complicates a nationwide picture already clouded by scientific and ethnical questions over whether and how to restrict cloning or ban it altogether. Since l997，when scientists announced the birth of Dolly the sheep，the first cloned mammal，the specter of cloned babies, infants that ate，in essence，genetic carbon copies of adults has loomed large in the public psyche and in the minds of lawmakers. Today, there is widespread agreement that cloning fur reproduction is unsafe and should be banned. Now，the debate has shifted away from the ethics of baby-making and toward the morality of cloning embryos for their cells and tissues，which might be used to treat diseases. The controversy pits religious c6nservatives and abortion opponents, who regard embryos as nascent human life，against patients' groups，scientists and the biotechnology industry.正确答案： 【参考译文】
国会经过将近一年的激烈争论但未通过新的联邦法律后,关于克隆人的未来的全国性辩论已转移到各个州。六个州早已禁止各种形式的克隆,仅今年一年,就有22个州提出了38项反克隆措施。
在克隆问题上持各种立场的人都说,由此拼凑起来的法律会使全国性立法复杂化,而关于是否要限制及如何限制克隆或者彻底禁止克隆的科学问题和伦理问题,已经使全国性立法变得扑朔迷离。
自1997年科学家宣布第一只克隆的哺乳动物多利羊出生以来,人们对克隆的婴儿本质上是成年人基因的复制模样感到恐惧,而这种恐惧一直萦绕在公众的心理上和立法者的头脑里。
今天,广泛一致的意见是,用于繁殖的克隆技术是不安全的,应当禁止。现在,辩论已经从制造婴儿的伦理问题,转向为提取可用于治疗疾病的细胞和组织而克隆胚胎是否合乎道德。这一争论使认为胚胎是新生的生命的宗教保守派和堕胎反对派与患者群体、科学家和生物技术行业成为互相对立的两大阵营。解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
单选题We learn from the text that ______.ACanadians have easy access to any type of medical care they want.
Bthe Canadian government compensates every citizen for medical expenses.
Ca medical care is issued once a citizen seeks medical care.
Dthe principle of demand and supply does not apply in the Canadian system.
正确答案： B解析：
推理判断题。A项意为加拿大人可以很容易的得到他们想要的医疗护理，与文中最后一段第二句相悖，故排除；由第二段第一句可知税收承担的是公民所有必要的医疗费，B项every过于绝对化；C项与第二段第二句句意相悖。第二段第三句提到加拿大医疗体制下医疗费用标准由政府而非市场决定，因而推测市场经济中的基本规律——供求规律在该体制下根本不起作用，故答案为D项。 -
第13题：
What is true about clone?()A. It would be a completely new way of making a human being
B.It, biologically, refers to any organism whose genetic information is identical to that of its parent organism from which it is created
C.Cloning will create a baby from a single cell, from a single person
D.It is favored widely
正确答案：ABC
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第14题：
Many young people in the West are expected to leave __ could be life' s most important decision -- marriage -- almost entirely up to luck.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
正确答案：D
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第15题：
To which of the following is the author most likely to agree?
［A］ the rich and the poor are equal in the face of death. ［B］ more scientists are needed for the medical advancement.
［C］ there is a double standard in medical ethics. ［D］ the dead deserve the same attention as the living.
正确答案：C
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第16题：
Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．Qigong can cure some diseases．
B．Qigong can not cure any disease．
C．Qigong can cure all kinds of incurable diseases．
D．Qigong can cure some patients from danger．
正确答案：A
参见文章最后一段第1，2句用淘汰法不难推断出答案。B、C、D并不符合文章的原意，所以A正确。 -
第17题：
共用题干
Promising Resnlts from Cancer Study
A new experimental vaccine（疫苗）has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer.In a small Texas-based study,a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas,USA,cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.
Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study.Forty一three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials.Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty-three in tho advanced stages of the disease.They were injected with the vaccine every two weeks for three months,and were carefully monitored for three years.In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer,the disease disappeared and in the others,it did not spread for five to twenty-four months.However,no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness.
This new vaccine uses the patient's own immune system.It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg.It stimulates（刺激）the body's immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful,and attacks and destroys them.
The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer.It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general,although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.Every patient was injected with the same vaccine.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。
【解析】
题干意为“疫苗治愈了所有参与试验的人。”关键词是cured。依据此关键词，可在文中第一段第二句找到相关叙述：“In a small Texas-based study, a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas,USA,cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.”（位于美国达拉斯的贝勒大学医学中心的几位科学家研制出了一种疫苗，这种疫苗在一个基于德克萨斯州的小型研究中治愈了一些肺癌患者，减缓了其他患者的病情发展过程。）由此可见，这种疫苗并没有治愈所有参与实验者，故此题说法为“错误”的。
题干意为“超过四十人参与了这次研究。”关键词是forty。依据此关键词，可在文中第二段第二句找到相关叙述：“Forty-three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials.”（四十三个肺癌患者参与到这些试验中。）由此可见参与人数确实超过了四十人，故此题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“在试验中，处于疾病早期的患者恢复得更快。”关键词是the early stages和recovered。依据此关键词，可在文中第二段最后两句找到相关叙述：“In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer,the disease disappeared and in the others,it did not spread for five to twenty-four months.However,no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness.”（晚期患者中有三名患者的疾病消失，其他患者的病情在5 到24个月内没有扩散。然而，处于疾病早期的患者没有出现任何不同。）可见这种疫苗对晚期患者的效果比较明显，故此题说法为“错误”的。
题干意为“所有患者都来自达拉斯。”关键词是Dallas。依据此关键词，可在文中第一段第二句找到相关叙述：“In a small Texas-based study, a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas,USA,cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.”（位于美国达拉斯的贝勒大学医学中心的几位科学家研制出了一种疫苗，这种疫苗在一个基于德克萨斯州的小型研究中治愈了一些肺癌患者，减缓了其他患者的病情发展过程。）由此可知，研制疫苗的科学家都来自位于达拉斯的贝勒大学医学中心，而病人是不是都来自达拉斯，这一点文中并没有提到，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“每一个病人都被注射同样的疫苗。”关键词是the same vaccine。 依据此关键词，可在文中第三段第一句、第二句找到相关叙述：“This new vaccine uses the patient's own immune system.It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg.”（这种新型疫苗使用了人体自身的免疫系统。每个病人的疫苗都是专门制造，然后被注射到手臂或腿上。）由此可见每个患者的疫苗都是不一样的，故此题说法为“错误”的。
题干意为“这种疫苗激活了免疫系统。”关键词是activates。依据此关键词， 可在文中第三段第三句找到相关叙述：“It stimulates the body's immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful, and attacks and destroys them.”(疫苗能刺激人体免疫系统，使免疫系统意识到癌细胞是有害的，从而攻击和破坏它们。）由此可见这种疫苗是通过激活免疫系统发挥作用的，故此题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“这种疫苗或许可用于治疗其他癌症。”关键词是other cancers。 依据此关键词，可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述：“The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer.”（这种疫苗或许可以有效地对抗其他癌症。）由此可知，它是可以用于治疗其他癌症的，故此题说法为“正确”的。 -
第18题：
共用题干
第一篇
The Mystery of Clones
Scientists have cloned goats,cats,cows,pigs and mice.Now it has been suggested by many commentators and scientists that it might be ethically acceptable to clone existing people in certain cases.One possibility is generating a replacement for a dying relative.All such possibilities,however,makes more and more people concerned that it would be possible that the clone is subjected to expectations and limitations based on the family's knowledge of the genetic"twin",so he or she would not be treated as an individual with independent personality.For the reason that human personality is only partly determined by genes,those assumptions might not be right.The clone of a shy person might behave quite differently if he or she is brought up in a family with encouraging atmosphere.Clones of writers,scholars,scientists or athletes are very likely to choose different careers because of chance event in early life.
Some researchers have suggested the idea that couples,in which one part is infertile,might choose to make a copy of one or the other partner. But the notion raises the concerns that the child who is a copy of just one of a couple might not treat naturally,and it is not in the interests of the resulting kid.Moreover,the treatments of all known types of infertility are available nowadays;conventional therapies seem more ethnically acceptable to ordinary people's way of thinking,so the majority of population strongly opposed to allowing cloned human embryos（胚胎）to develop.
However,the positive side of the cloning technology cannot be denied,for instance,cloning from cultured cells will provide essential medical opportunities.Scientists are trying to grow an embryo,cloned from a single cell of a human being with goals to design therapies for diseases which are currently untreatable.
Of course,people's predictions about this new technology might be all wrong,because social attitudes change and unexpected developments take place.Only time will tell.But biomedical researchers who are dedicated to finding the potential of cloning have plenty to do.Maybe someday soon,a human will be cloned,and mankind will embark on a scientific and moral journey whose destination is not under his own control. Or maybe one day you will be happy to have a clone of your own.A person's personality is determined by_______.
A:both their genes and the environment they live in
B:their genes
C:the environment they live in
D:Not mentioned答案：A解析：从文章第一段的第五句“human personality is only partly determined by genes”可以看出人类的性格只是部分由基因决定。接着又说一个害羞的人的克隆人若成长于一个拥有激励氛围的家庭，那么也可能会表现得截然不同，所以所处的环境也对人的性格产生影响。由此可以判断A正确。
第二段第二句谈到被克隆出的孩子可能不会被父母以自然的方式对待， "it is not in the interests of the resulting kid"，所以选B，意为“这对孩子没有好处”,not good for 和文中的not in the interests of意思一样。
第三段提到克隆的积极面也不可否定，如“design therapies for diseases which are currently untreatable"，所以选D。
综观全文，作者提到了人们对于克隆技术的担心，也谈到克隆技术的积极面，所以作者态度是客观的、中立的（neutral：中立的），而不是赞同的（approved)或是不赞同的(disapproved）。
最后一段说到人们对这个新技术的预测可能都是错的，所以“Only time will tell"，没有人能真正知道克隆技术的未来如何，只有随着时间的流逝，克隆技术所带来的影响才能逐一显现出来，所以A正确。 -
第19题：
共用题干
第一篇
The Mystery of Clones
Scientists have cloned goats,cats,cows,pigs and mice.Now it has been suggested by many commentators and scientists that it might be ethically acceptable to clone existing people in certain cases.One possibility is generating a replacement for a dying relative.All such possibilities,however,makes more and more people concerned that it would be possible that the clone is subjected to expectations and limitations based on the family's knowledge of the genetic"twin",so he or she would not be treated as an individual with independent personality.For the reason that human personality is only partly determined by genes,those assumptions might not be right.The clone of a shy person might behave quite differently if he or she is brought up in a family with encouraging atmosphere.Clones of writers,scholars,scientists or athletes are very likely to choose different careers because of chance event in early life.
Some researchers have suggested the idea that couples,in which one part is infertile,might choose to make a copy of one or the other partner. But the notion raises the concerns that the child who is a copy of just one of a couple might not treat naturally,and it is not in the interests of the resulting kid.Moreover,the treatments of all known types of infertility are available nowadays;conventional therapies seem more ethnically acceptable to ordinary people's way of thinking,so the majority of population strongly opposed to allowing cloned human embryos（胚胎）to develop.
However,the positive side of the cloning technology cannot be denied,for instance,cloning from cultured cells will provide essential medical opportunities.Scientists are trying to grow an embryo,cloned from a single cell of a human being with goals to design therapies for diseases which are currently untreatable.
Of course,people's predictions about this new technology might be all wrong,because social attitudes change and unexpected developments take place.Only time will tell.But biomedical researchers who are dedicated to finding the potential of cloning have plenty to do.Maybe someday soon,a human will be cloned,and mankind will embark on a scientific and moral journey whose destination is not under his own control. Or maybe one day you will be happy to have a clone of your own.What is the author's attitude towards cloning technology?
A: Disapproved.
B:Approved.
C:Neutral.
D:No opinion.答案：C解析：从文章第一段的第五句“human personality is only partly determined by genes”可以看出人类的性格只是部分由基因决定。接着又说一个害羞的人的克隆人若成长于一个拥有激励氛围的家庭，那么也可能会表现得截然不同，所以所处的环境也对人的性格产生影响。由此可以判断A正确。
第二段第二句谈到被克隆出的孩子可能不会被父母以自然的方式对待， "it is not in the interests of the resulting kid"，所以选B，意为“这对孩子没有好处”,not good for 和文中的not in the interests of意思一样。
第三段提到克隆的积极面也不可否定，如“design therapies for diseases which are currently untreatable"，所以选D。
综观全文，作者提到了人们对于克隆技术的担心，也谈到克隆技术的积极面，所以作者态度是客观的、中立的（neutral：中立的），而不是赞同的（approved)或是不赞同的(disapproved）。
最后一段说到人们对这个新技术的预测可能都是错的，所以“Only time will tell"，没有人能真正知道克隆技术的未来如何，只有随着时间的流逝，克隆技术所带来的影响才能逐一显现出来，所以A正确。 -
第20题：
共用题干
第一篇
The Mystery of Clones
Scientists have cloned goats,cats,cows,pigs and mice.Now it has been suggested by many commentators and scientists that it might be ethically acceptable to clone existing people in certain cases.One possibility is generating a replacement for a dying relative.All such possibilities,however,makes more and more people concerned that it would be possible that the clone is subjected to expectations and limitations based on the family's knowledge of the genetic"twin",so he or she would not be treated as an individual with independent personality.For the reason that human personality is only partly determined by genes,those assumptions might not be right.The clone of a shy person might behave quite differently if he or she is brought up in a family with encouraging atmosphere.Clones of writers,scholars,scientists or athletes are very likely to choose different careers because of chance event in early life.
Some researchers have suggested the idea that couples,in which one part is infertile,might choose to make a copy of one or the other partner. But the notion raises the concerns that the child who is a copy of just one of a couple might not treat naturally,and it is not in the interests of the resulting kid.Moreover,the treatments of all known types of infertility are available nowadays;conventional therapies seem more ethnically acceptable to ordinary people's way of thinking,so the majority of population strongly opposed to allowing cloned human embryos（胚胎）to develop.
However,the positive side of the cloning technology cannot be denied,for instance,cloning from cultured cells will provide essential medical opportunities.Scientists are trying to grow an embryo,cloned from a single cell of a human being with goals to design therapies for diseases which are currently untreatable.
Of course,people's predictions about this new technology might be all wrong,because social attitudes change and unexpected developments take place.Only time will tell.But biomedical researchers who are dedicated to finding the potential of cloning have plenty to do.Maybe someday soon,a human will be cloned,and mankind will embark on a scientific and moral journey whose destination is not under his own control. Or maybe one day you will be happy to have a clone of your own.It can be inferred from the text that_______.
A:no one can tell the future of the cloning technology
B:it would be common for a clone to make appearance on magazines
C:a clone will have same personalities with the person he/she is created from
D:a clone will choose the same career as the person he/she is created from答案：A解析：从文章第一段的第五句“human personality is only partly determined by genes”可以看出人类的性格只是部分由基因决定。接着又说一个害羞的人的克隆人若成长于一个拥有激励氛围的家庭，那么也可能会表现得截然不同，所以所处的环境也对人的性格产生影响。由此可以判断A正确。
第二段第二句谈到被克隆出的孩子可能不会被父母以自然的方式对待， "it is not in the interests of the resulting kid"，所以选B，意为“这对孩子没有好处”,not good for 和文中的not in the interests of意思一样。
第三段提到克隆的积极面也不可否定，如“design therapies for diseases which are currently untreatable"，所以选D。
综观全文，作者提到了人们对于克隆技术的担心，也谈到克隆技术的积极面，所以作者态度是客观的、中立的（neutral：中立的），而不是赞同的（approved)或是不赞同的(disapproved）。
最后一段说到人们对这个新技术的预测可能都是错的，所以“Only time will tell"，没有人能真正知道克隆技术的未来如何，只有随着时间的流逝，克隆技术所带来的影响才能逐一显现出来，所以A正确。 -
第21题：
问答题Practice 5 We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that they are among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among them, deriving their just power from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience has shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than the right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity, which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. (Thomas Jefferso: The Declaration o f Independence)正确答案： 【参考译文】
我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的:人人生而平等,造物主赋予他们若干不可让与的权利,其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。为了保障这些权利,人们才在他们中间建立政府,而政府的正当权利,则是经被统治者同意授予的。任何形式的政府一旦对这些目标的实现起破坏作用时,人民便有权予以更换或废除,以建立一个新的政府。新政府所依据的原则和组织其权利的方式,务使人民认为唯有这样才最有可能使他们获得安全和幸福。若真要审慎的来说,成立多年的政府是不应当由于无关紧要的和一时的原因而予以更换的。过去的一切经验都说明,任何苦难,只要尚能忍受,人类还是情愿忍受,也不想为申冤而废除他们久已习惯了的政府形式。然而,当始终追求同一目标的一系列滥用职权和巧取豪夺的行为表明,政府企图把人民至于专制暴政之下时,人民就有权也有义务去推翻这样的政府,并为其未来的安全提供新的保障。这就是这些殖民地过去忍受苦难的经过,也是他们现在不得不改变政府制度的原因。解析： 暂无解析 -
第22题：
单选题The author of Passage 1 states that the human body is more like a garbage dump than a watch (lines 8－9) to emphasize that ______.Athe parts of the human body don't always work together seamlessly to keep us alive and functioning
Bthe human body cannot be counted on to work flawlessly, while watches rarely fail
Cscientists can never tell ahead of time which experiments will work and which will not
Dthe human body exists in its present state due to a long evolutionary process that began more than 500 million years ago
Ethe human body contains many useless renmants left over from the evolutionary process
正确答案： D解析：
作者提出与大家普遍认为的不同，在我们人体内存在很多剩余的垃圾，故选E项。 -
第23题：
问答题Passage 2 A new form of cloning to provide every baby with an embryonic “twin”, from which spare body parts could be grown and life threatening diseases treated is expected to be approved within weeks by senior government advisers on medical ethics. If their report is accepted by ministers, it would mean that Britain—which 20 years ago pioneered the test tube baby and last year produced Dolly, the world’s first cloned mammal—could be the first to clone a human embryo. A working party from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) and the Human Genetics Advisory Commission is expected to come down firmly against reproductive cloning, the process of replicating a living human being. It is expected to recommend government support of so called stem ceils. Stem cells are extracted and used to grow spare parts, treat diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s or address the debilitating effects of cancer, strokes and heart attacks. Dr Austin Smith, the scientist likely to be granted the first licence for the work, said that within the next 12 years it would be routine for every baby to have an embryonic clone. “All it takes now is financial investment,” said Smith, director of Edinburgh University’s centre for genome research. The crucial discovery of embryonic stem cells, from which skin, bone, muscles, nerves and vital organs grow, was made earlier this month by scientists in America. In a submission to the HFEA, Smith said that in order to isolate these cells it is only necessary for the embryo to develop in the laboratory for six days, well within the 14-day limit of current regulation. The cells would then be grown and manipulated to make anything from blood or brain cells to tissue for repairing damaged organs and, ultimately, parts that could be transplanted without fear of the host body rejecting them. The development is likely to meet strong opposition from the church. Dr Donald Bruce, Director of the Society, Religion and Technology Project of the church of Scotland Said that creating an embryo in the knowledge that it would then be destroyed was “very disturbing” to most people. Father Paul Murray, secretary to the Catholic bishops joint bio-ethics committee, said that whatever the potential benefits, it should be regarded as “intrinsically evil” because the research depended on the use of foetal material. However, Professor Christine Gosden, professor of genetic medicine at Liverpool University, one of the four senior government advisers on the cloning sub-committee, said there would be no opportunity for abuse. For many years, patients with Parkinson’s disease who did not respond to drugs have been treated with brain cells extracted from aborted foetuses, a practice approved by a committee led by the Rev Dr John Polkinghorne, the prominent ethicist. Gosden said the arguments for the use of aborted foetal cells and therapeutic cloning were similar: “Before you have a disease, it is easy to say, ‘I would not use cells derived from a foetus’, but if you suffer from that disease, and that is your only hope, your approach can be quite different.” 1. What is the new form of cloning discussed in the passage? What is the purpose of such cloning? 2. Summarise the different views on embryo cloning discussed in the passage. 3. Explain the statement “All it takes now is financial investment.” in para. 6. 4. What is the significance of the discovery of embryonic stem cells?正确答案： 【参考答案】
1. The new form of cloning refers to the cloning of human embryo, which can lead to the growth of spare body parts. The purpose of such cloning is “therapeutic”, that is, to use the technology to treat some fatal/life-threatening diseases or repair damaged/bad organs.
2. Cons: The negative views consider such technology is “very disturbing” and “intrinsically evil”, they equate it with “replicating a living human being”. / they hold that it is not different from cloning a human being. /Pros: The positive views hold that the purpose of such cloning is to treat and cure fatal/life-threatening diseases and it is within the “current regulation” and will not be used for wrong purposes.
3. Technically the cloning of human embryo is no longer a problem and what is needed most in the development of such technology is funding.
4. As human skin, bones, muscles, nerves and vital organs all grow from embryonic stem cells, the discovery of such cells will lead to the growth of spare body parts for “repairing damaged organs”解析： 暂无解析 -
第24题：
单选题The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?AWhen did the new protectionism arise?
BWhy is the new protectionism so popular in northern European countries?
CDoes the American government play a more active role in economic life than the British government?
DWhy does the government intervene in economic life?
正确答案： A解析：
综观全文，只有D项与全文关系较密切，因为在文章的第二段回答了这一问题，而第三段是承上启下，十分重要。因此D项为正确答案。