单选题We may infer from the fourth paragraph that ______.A humans have been growing food crops more than ten thousand years.B humans have learned how to produce biofuels for a long time.C humans are just on the beginning of making biofuels.D a cell wall incl
题目
humans have been growing food crops more than ten thousand years.
humans have learned how to produce biofuels for a long time.
humans are just on the beginning of making biofuels.
a cell wall includes four hemicellulose.
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更多“单选题We may infer from the fourth paragraph that ______.A humans have been growing food crops more than ten thousand years.B humans have learned how to produce biofuels for a long time.C humans are just on the beginning of making biofuels.D a cell wall incl”相关问题
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第1题：
From the last paragraph we can learn that __
A. some pipes have to be re-arranged in winter
B. the system can do more than warming up the building
C. the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surface
D. less heat may be collected in winter than in summer
正确答案：B
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第2题：
What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to?
A．We will lose much more than we can gain．
B．Humans have begun destroying rainforests．
C．People have a strong desire for resources．
D．Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests．
正确答案：A
-
第3题：
We can infer from the third paragraph that _____.
［A］ rich people are more interested in cloning humans than animals
［B］ cloning of animal pets is becoming a prosperous industry
［C］ there is no distinction between a cloned and a natural dog
［D］ Missy’s master pays a lot in a hope to revive the dog
正确答案：B本题考查推理引申。第三段首句提到，克隆狗是能带来丰厚科研报酬的商机。下文无论是提到动医学院频繁接到的电话，还是举出一掷千金想克隆爱犬的富人的例子都是为了说明首句的观点。因此从第三段可推出的结论是［B］。
该段主要涉及的是克隆狗，因此无从推知［A］；从该段最后两句可知，［C］与事实相反；［D］错在revive，由该段第四句可知，密斯的主人只是想要一个密斯的孪生子在它死后继承其优良品质 -
第4题：
The discovery that the drugs extend the life span of roundworms could have important implications fox human aging as well. There are strong similarities on the molecular level between the proteins and genes that
A. But Komfeld said scientists will not know about the applicability of the drugs in humans until a similar study is done on humans. “What’s very encouraging is that these drugs were developed to treat humans, and they are well understood, because they’ve been used for a long time, ” he said。
B. Later the scientists discovered that two related anticonvulsant drugs also lengthened the lives of the worms-in the case of one drug, by almost 50 percent. “This was a big surprise to use, Komfeld said. ”“We didn’t think anticonvulsant drugs had any particular relationship to aging. That connection was completely unexpected. ”
C. Roundworms are a poor subject for experiments, because they are not like humans, even though their molecules are similar. For example, they have no bones, nor do they show emotions, making it difficult to know how exactly human subjects would react to these drugs in large quantities. However, using the worms allows experiments to be conducted quickly, because they do not live for long。
D. “Somehow the neural activity seems to regulate the aging of all of the body the skin, musculature, and reproductive tract, ” Kornfeld said. “Somehow the nervous system coordinates the progress of all these tissues, evidently, though the life stages. But we don’t know how it does that. ”
E. The discovery may also shed light on the little-understood aging process. Since the drugs act on the neuromuscular systems of both humans and worms, the findings hint at a link between neural activity and aging。
F. Unlike vertebrates, the worms are ideal subjects for the study of aging because of their short life spans, which last only a couple of weeks in a laboratory. The worm is well known in genetics, and the worm’s genome has been sequenced。
G. Use of this drug has been permitted by law since 1998 and wider use is now expected as a result of the studies. “We can clearly link this drug with human aging, but we still need to find proof, says Kornfeld optimistically. ”
正确答案：B空前文字一直提到实验的进程和结果，选项B进一步提到了这次实验的结果。同现原则，这一空的正确选项应该是B。 -
第5题：
We can infer from Paragraph 5 that ______.（ ）
[A] home prices has fallen down 28% compared with what's in mid-2006
[B] many foreclosed homes have been abandoned by their former owners
[C] home prices might fall down 28% fi'om their peak in mid-2006 in the future
[D] more foreclosed homes have been abandoned because of the falling price
正确答案：C
从第五段我们可以得出__________。
[A]房价与2006年年中相比降低了28%
[B]许多取消抵押品赎回权的房屋被房主抛弃了
[C]房价将来可能从2006年年中的高峰下降28%[
D]更多取消抵押品赎回权的房屋因为房价走低被抛弃
答案解析：[C]推理判断题。根据第五段可知，第一，2006年年中的房价是高峰；第二，全国范围的房价已经下降了18%；第三，虽然房价已经降价18%，但是可能会继续下跌10%；第四，房价继续下跌是因为大量持续不断的取消抵押品赎回权的房屋被抛向市场从而压低了房价。[A]把将来要跌的l0%算作现在已经跌的，排除；[B]、[D]把取消抵押品赎回权的房屋抛向市场误解为房主抛弃了这些房屋，排除。所以正确答案是[C]。 -
第6题：
共用题干
第二篇
Natural Medicines
Since earliest days,humans have used some kinds of medicines.We know this because humans have
survived.Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out
completely.
They were successful long before the time of modern medicine.Before the time of doctors with white
coats and shiny（发亮的）instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.
Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospi-
tals.Yet injuries are treated.And diseases are often cured.How?By ancient methods.By medicines that
might seem mysterious , even magical（有魔力的）.Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical,
however.
Through the centuries, tribal（部族的）medicine men experimented with plants. They found many use-
ful chemicals in the plants.And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure
for some of today's most serious diseases.
Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care.These natural medicines
are used not just because people have no other form of treatment.They are used because people trust them.
In developed areas,few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store.Yet many wide-
ly-used medicines are from ancient sources,especially plants.Some experts say more than 25% of modern
medicines come,in one way or another,from nature.
Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory.All living things contain chemicals
that help them survive.So scientists' interest in traditional medicine is not new.But it has become an ur-
gent concern.This is because the earth's supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injury and disease were_________.
A:much more successful than modern ones
B:successful enough for humans to survive
C:successful in all cases
D:of little help to humans答案：B解析：由文章第一段第二句话可知，古代的医疗手段已经足以让人类免于完全灭亡，即生存 下去。故选B。
由文章第三段可知，现在世界上的很多地方仍然没有高学历的医生，也没有治疗费昂贵的医院，但这些地方的人们仍有办法治疗疾病。他们仍然使用古老的医疗办法来治病。故 选A。
由文章第四段最后一句话可知，科学家们相信这些古老的医疗手段可能会给现今最严 重的疾病提供治愈方法。故选B。
由文章第五段第一句话可知，专家们说世界上80％的人们在用植物草药做医疗保健。 故选D。或者根据文章主题（文章标题Natural Medicine）直接选择答案。
由文章最后一段最后一句话，可知地球上的天然药物的供给量可能会急速下降。故 选B。第三篇 本篇文章主要讲述了人类为了改善生活使用技术工具改变了地球的自然面貌，在给自己带 来便利的同时却污染了环境，影响了生态平衡。 -
第7题：
共用题干
Natural Medicines
Since earliest days,humans have used some kinds of medicines.We know this because hu-mans have survived .Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep hu-mans from dying out completely.
They were successful long before the time of modern medicine.Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny（发亮的）instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.
Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors.Nor do they have ex- pensive hospitals.Yet injuries are treated.And diseases are often cured.How?By ancient meth- ods. By medicines that might seem mysterious, even magical（有魔力的）.Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical,however.
Through the centuries, tribal（部落的）medicine men experimented with plants. They found many useful chemicals in the plants.And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of today's most serious diseases.
Experts say almost 80%of the people in the world use plants for health care.These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment.They are used be-cause people trust them.In developed areas,few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store.Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources,especially plants. Some experts say more than 25%of modern medicines come,in one way or another,from nature.
Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory.All living things contain chemicals that help them survive .So scientists' interest in traditional medicine is not new.But it has become an urgent concern.This is because the earth's supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injury and disease were_____.
A: much more successful than modern ones
B: successful enough for humans to survive
C: successful in all cases
D: of little help to humans答案：B解析：第一段“…successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely”（有效地使人类免于完全消亡）与选项B“ successful enough for humans to survive”（有效地使人类生存下来）意思一样。短文中并没有对选项A的内容做比较，实际上也不可能笼统地做这种比较。选项C和D凭常识也能做出判断，绝对肯定和绝对否定都是错误的。
第三段第一句和第二句对选项A中的“all over the world”作了否定，而其他三个选项的内容在短文中都直接或间接谈到：选项B的内容在第二段最后一句和第三段第一句、第二句都间接提到，我们自然会想到，大医院有现代化的医疗设备，有经过高等教育的医生，有现代化的药品，看病的价格当然昂贵；第三段最后一句的内容与选项C的文字完全相同；第一段第一句的内容与选项D的内容也相同。
第四段最后一句提供了本问题的答案，两处除了句子结构不同以外，文字完全相同。其他三个选项的内容短文都没有提及，根据常识判断也可以知道它们不是正确答案。
第五段第一句直接提供了本题的答案。
短文最后一句直接提供了本问题的答案，其他三个选项均与此完全相反。 -
第8题：
共用题干
Natural Medicines
Since earliest days,humans have used some kinds of medicines.We know this because humans have survived.Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely.
They were successful long before the time of modern medicine. Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny（发亮的）instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.
Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals.Yet injuries are treated.And diseases are often cured.How?By ancient methods. By medicines that might seem mysterious , even magical（有魔力的）.Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical,however.
Through the centuries , tribal（部落的）medicine men experimented with plants. They found
many useful chemicals in the plants.And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines
may provide the cure for some of today's most serious diseases.
Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care.These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment. They are used because people trust them. In developed areas,few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store .Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources,especially plants.
Some experts say more than 25%of modem medicines come,in one way or another,from nature.
Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory. All living things contain chemicals that help them survive .So scientists' interest in traditional medicine is not new.But it has become an urgent concern.This is because the earth's supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.It is believed by scientists that traditional medicines______.
A: can cure all kinds of diseases
B: may cure some of today's most serious diseases
C: are no longer useful for modern men
D: are too cheap to be useful答案：B解析：第一段中“...successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely"（有效地使人类免于完全消亡）与选项B" successful enough for humans to survive"（有效地使人类生存下来）意思一样。短文中并没有对选项A的内容做比较，实际上也不可能笼统地做这种比较。选项C和D凭常识也能做出判断，绝时肯定和绝对否定都是错误的。
第三段第一句和第二句对选项A中的“all over the world”作了否定，而其他三个选项的内容在短文中都直接或间接谈到：选项B的内容在第二段最后一句和第三段第一句、第二句都间接提到，我们自然会想到，大医院有现代化的医疗设备，有经过高等教育的医生，有现代化的药品，看病的价格当然昂贵；第三段最后一句的内容与选项C的文字完全相同；第一段第一句的内容与选项D的内容也相同。
第四段最后一句提供了本问题的答案，两处除了句子结构不同以外，文字完全相同。其他三个选项的内容短文都没有提及，根据常识判断也可以知道它们不是正确答案。
第五段第一句直接提供了本题的答案。
短文最后一句直接提供了本问题的答案，其他三个选项均与此完全相反。 -
第9题：
共用题干
Natural Medicines
Since earliest days,humans have used some kinds of medicines.We know this because humans have survived.Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely.
They were successful long before the time of modern medicine. Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny（发亮的）instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.
Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals.Yet injuries are treated.And diseases are often cured.How?By ancient methods. By medicines that might seem mysterious , even magical（有魔力的）.Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical,however.
Through the centuries , tribal（部落的）medicine men experimented with plants. They found
many useful chemicals in the plants.And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines
may provide the cure for some of today's most serious diseases.
Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care.These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment. They are used because people trust them. In developed areas,few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store .Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources,especially plants.
Some experts say more than 25%of modem medicines come,in one way or another,from nature.
Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory. All living things contain chemicals that help them survive .So scientists' interest in traditional medicine is not new.But it has become an urgent concern.This is because the earth's supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injury and disease were
A: much more successful than modem ones
B: successful enough for humans to survive
C: successful in all cases
D: of little help to humans答案：B解析：第一段中“...successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely"（有效地使人类免于完全消亡）与选项B" successful enough for humans to survive"（有效地使人类生存下来）意思一样。短文中并没有对选项A的内容做比较，实际上也不可能笼统地做这种比较。选项C和D凭常识也能做出判断，绝时肯定和绝对否定都是错误的。
第三段第一句和第二句对选项A中的“all over the world”作了否定，而其他三个选项的内容在短文中都直接或间接谈到：选项B的内容在第二段最后一句和第三段第一句、第二句都间接提到，我们自然会想到，大医院有现代化的医疗设备，有经过高等教育的医生，有现代化的药品，看病的价格当然昂贵；第三段最后一句的内容与选项C的文字完全相同；第一段第一句的内容与选项D的内容也相同。
第四段最后一句提供了本问题的答案，两处除了句子结构不同以外，文字完全相同。其他三个选项的内容短文都没有提及，根据常识判断也可以知道它们不是正确答案。
第五段第一句直接提供了本题的答案。
短文最后一句直接提供了本问题的答案，其他三个选项均与此完全相反。 -
第10题：
共用题干
Natural Medicines
Since earliest days,humans have used some kinds of medicines.We know this because humans have survived.Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely.
They were successful long before the time of modern medicine. Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny（发亮的）instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.
Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals.Yet injuries are treated.And diseases are often cured.How?By ancient methods. By medicines that might seem mysterious , even magical（有魔力的）.Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical,however.
Through the centuries , tribal（部落的）medicine men experimented with plants. They found
many useful chemicals in the plants.And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines
may provide the cure for some of today's most serious diseases.
Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care.These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment. They are used because people trust them. In developed areas,few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store .Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources,especially plants.
Some experts say more than 25%of modem medicines come,in one way or another,from nature.
Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory. All living things contain chemicals that help them survive .So scientists' interest in traditional medicine is not new.But it has become an urgent concern.This is because the earth's supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A: Modern medicines are now available all over the world.
B: Many big and modern hospitals are expensive.
C: Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical.
D: Humans have used some kinds of medicines since earliest days.答案：A解析：第一段中“...successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely"（有效地使人类免于完全消亡）与选项B" successful enough for humans to survive"（有效地使人类生存下来）意思一样。短文中并没有对选项A的内容做比较，实际上也不可能笼统地做这种比较。选项C和D凭常识也能做出判断，绝时肯定和绝对否定都是错误的。
第三段第一句和第二句对选项A中的“all over the world”作了否定，而其他三个选项的内容在短文中都直接或间接谈到：选项B的内容在第二段最后一句和第三段第一句、第二句都间接提到，我们自然会想到，大医院有现代化的医疗设备，有经过高等教育的医生，有现代化的药品，看病的价格当然昂贵；第三段最后一句的内容与选项C的文字完全相同；第一段第一句的内容与选项D的内容也相同。
第四段最后一句提供了本问题的答案，两处除了句子结构不同以外，文字完全相同。其他三个选项的内容短文都没有提及，根据常识判断也可以知道它们不是正确答案。
第五段第一句直接提供了本题的答案。
短文最后一句直接提供了本问题的答案，其他三个选项均与此完全相反。 -
第11题：
单选题We may infer from the fourth paragraph that ______.Ahumans have been growing food crops more than ten thousand years.
Bhumans have learned how to produce biofuels for a long time.
Chumans are just on the beginning of making biofuels.
Da cell wall includes four hemicellulose.
正确答案： C解析：
推断判断题。由题干定位至第四段。由首句Humans have been growing food crops for 10,000 years可知，A中more than与原文不符，故排除；由but the effort to produce fuel down on the farm is in its fancy可见B错；由段中 We’re at such a basic stage，可知，从作物提取燃料还处于初级阶段，C正确；由本段倒数第二句可知cell walls是由four hemicelluloses, along with cellulose and lignin构成，并且由a cell wall engineered to include more hemicellulose可知一个细胞壁不仅仅只有four hemicellulose(半纤维素), 排除D。 -
第12题：
问答题Animal rights are a controversial topic right now. Actually, the debate is focused mainly on animal testing. The following are opinions from both sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from both sides, and then 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Animals are used for research in a variety of settings, including tests to determine the safety of drugs, cosmetics and other substances. Whether or not humans should use animals for testing purposes, however, is a controversial subject. Dr. Bob Miller, a medical researcher from Michigan State University, states that one of the primary advantages of animal testing is that it allows researchers to develop new medications and treatments, advancing the field of medicine and enhancing the health of society. For instance, many drugs used to treat or prevent cancer, HIV, diabetes, infections and other medical maladies have resulted from tests performed on animals. Moreover, animal testing enables scientists and researchers to test the safety of medications and other substances with which humans have regular contact. Drugs, for instance, may pose significant risks to humans, so testing them on animals fast gives researchers a chance to determine drugs’ safety before human trials are performed. While scientists are cognizant of the differences between humans and animals, the similarities are considered significant enough to produce relevant, useful data that they can then apply to humans. Thus, animal testing reduces harm to humans and saves lives. However, Prof. Abhay Shina, a leading critic of animal testing, points out that the major disadvantage to animal testing is that a significant number of animals are harmed or die as a result of experiments and testing. Unfortunately, many of the substances used on animal subjects never receive approval for human use or consumption. Humans receive no direct benefits as a result of the deaths of these animals. He also argues that animals are dissimilar enough from humans to make the results of animal tests unreliable. A related criticism is that testing induces stress in the animals, meaning that the subjects do not react to experimental substances in the same way that they might in more natural circumstances, making the results of experiments less valid. Using animals as research subjects is also expensive, because the animals require food, shelter, care and treatment in addition to the costs of experimental substances. Long-term or multi-phase tests can increase the costs of the practice as well. The actual price paid for the animals is also worth consideration; there are companies that breed and sell animals specifically for testing purposes.正确答案：
【参考范文】
My View on Animal Testing Animal rights has gained more and more attention nowadays. The debate on animal testing is increasingly heated. When asked whether animal testing should be allowed or not, different people have different views. Supporters believe that animal testing help develop new medications and treatments, advancing the field of medicine and enhancing the health of society and reducing risks to humans and saving lives. However, some people criticize animal testing. They argue that animal testing is expensive and harms or kills a significant number of animals, bringing no direct benefits and the results may be not reliable.
From my point of view, a limited amount of animal experimentation is necessary in spite of its shortcomings. First, it indeed contributes to the development of medicine and health. Many medical treatments and procedures have been developed from experiments on animals. Since animals share many features with humans, scientists use animals to test the safety and effectiveness of newly developed drugs before pilot testing on small groups of patients. Medical teams also practice new operating techniques such as transplants on animals. Without animal testing, many procedures or new drugs would be extremely unsafe. Second, we simply do not have alternative methods of testing. Computer models are not advanced enough and tests on plants are much less applicable to humans than tests on animals such as monkeys. Until we have a better system, we can only use animal testing.
In conclusion, I am convinced that animal testing is necessary, and that it will continue to benefit humans in new and wonderful ways. But we need to make sure that millions of animals who are used for testing new products have the minimum of suffering. Although some animal testing may be unavoidable at present, treating our fellow creatures as mercifully as possible will demonstrate our humanity.解析：
【审题构思】
本题的题目要求是就动物试验发表自己的看法。对此可以表示支持，也可以表示反对，言之有理即可。考生首先要总结材料中双方观点，然后明确陈述自己的观点。接下来提供一个或者两个理由支持自己的观点。以支持动物试验为例，可从两方面进行论证：第一，利于医学的发展，第二，尚无其他可行办法。最后总结全文，重申观点；也可进一步补充观点，深化主题。 -
第13题：
E
A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below l6℃．Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate．Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world．
In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources(资源)：land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm animals．This action affects the environment as a whole．For example，a lot of carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)in the air comes from burning the rainforests．People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.
There are two main reasons for this．Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or two．Secondly，cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply．
Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store．More than 25％ of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests．However，fewer than l％of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value．It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests．
72．Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they ．
A．reflect more heat into the atmosphere
B．bring about high rainfall throughout the world
C．rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than l6℃
D．reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth
正确答案：D
-
第14题：
What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A.Body language is uniqun to humans.
B.Animals express emotions just as humans do.
C.Humans have other poeers of communication.
D.Humans are thfferent from animals to some degree.
正确答案：D
-
第15题：
(41~45) Researchers have found that drugs used to treat human seizures can delay aging in worms by as much as 50 percent. The roundworms used for the study are similar to humans in their molecular makeup, raising the
possibility that the drugs could also extend the life span of humans。
第41题：“By finding a class of drugs that delays aging we have found a relationship between the function of the nervous system and aging that was not well understood, ” said Kerry Komfeld, a geneticist at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri. The findings are detailed this week in the journal Science。 The discovery came out of the thesis work by one of Komfeld’s graduate students, Kimberley Evason. About four years ago, Evason began exposing groups of the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans to commercially available drugs to see if the drugs would delay aging or promote longevity。
A. But Komfeld said scientists will not know about the applicability of the drugs in humans until a similar study is done on humans. “What’s very encouraging is that these drugs were developed to treat humans, and they are well understood, because they’ve been used for a long time, ” he said。
B. Later the scientists discovered that two related anticonvulsant drugs also lengthened the lives of the worms-in the case of one drug, by almost 50 percent. “This was a big surprise to use, Komfeld said. ”“We didn’t think anticonvulsant drugs had any particular relationship to aging. That connection was completely unexpected. ”
C. Roundworms are a poor subject for experiments, because they are not like humans, even though their molecules are similar. For example, they have no bones, nor do they show emotions, making it difficult to know how exactly human subjects would react to these drugs in large quantities. However, using the worms allows experiments to be conducted quickly, because they do not live for long。
D. “Somehow the neural activity seems to regulate the aging of all of the body the skin, musculature, and reproductive tract, ” Kornfeld said. “Somehow the nervous system coordinates the progress of all these tissues, evidently, though the life stages. But we don’t know how it does that. ”
E. The discovery may also shed light on the little-understood aging process. Since the drugs act on the neuromuscular systems of both humans and worms, the findings hint at a link between neural activity and aging。
F. Unlike vertebrates, the worms are ideal subjects for the study of aging because of their short life spans, which last only a couple of weeks in a laboratory. The worm is well known in genetics, and the worm’s genome has been sequenced。
G. Use of this drug has been permitted by law since 1998 and wider use is now expected as a result of the studies. “We can clearly link this drug with human aging, but we still need to find proof, says Kornfeld optimistically. ”
正确答案：E空前文字提出了文章的主题，也就是概括性地介绍了文章的内容：“一项研究表明治疗人类突发性疾病的药物能延缓虫子的衰老，由于人类的分子结构与虫子相似，所以有可能这种药物也能延缓人类的衰老”。只有选项E继续概括性地介绍了文章的内容：“这项研究同样也表明神经肌肉活动与衰老有关系”。 -
第16题：
There may also be other targets not yet explored that affect aging and neuromuscular function. Said Kornfeld: “The process of aging remains mysterious. ”
A. But Komfeld said scientists will not know about the applicability of the drugs in humans until a similar study is done on humans. “What’s very encouraging is that these drugs were developed to treat humans, and they are well understood, because they’ve been used for a long time, ” he said。
B. Later the scientists discovered that two related anticonvulsant drugs also lengthened the lives of the worms-in the case of one drug, by almost 50 percent. “This was a big surprise to use, Komfeld said. ”“We didn’t think anticonvulsant drugs had any particular relationship to aging. That connection was completely unexpected. ”
C. Roundworms are a poor subject for experiments, because they are not like humans, even though their molecules are similar. For example, they have no bones, nor do they show emotions, making it difficult to know how exactly human subjects would react to these drugs in large quantities. However, using the worms allows experiments to be conducted quickly, because they do not live for long。
D. “Somehow the neural activity seems to regulate the aging of all of the body the skin, musculature, and reproductive tract, ” Kornfeld said. “Somehow the nervous system coordinates the progress of all these tissues, evidently, though the life stages. But we don’t know how it does that. ”
E. The discovery may also shed light on the little-understood aging process. Since the drugs act on the neuromuscular systems of both humans and worms, the findings hint at a link between neural activity and aging。
F. Unlike vertebrates, the worms are ideal subjects for the study of aging because of their short life spans, which last only a couple of weeks in a laboratory. The worm is well known in genetics, and the worm’s genome has been sequenced。
G. Use of this drug has been permitted by law since 1998 and wider use is now expected as a result of the studies. “We can clearly link this drug with human aging, but we still need to find proof, says Kornfeld optimistically. ”
正确答案：D空前文字提到了另一个问题：神经肌肉活动与延缓衰老的问题;只有选项D继续提到了这个问题，所以选D。选项C：该选项指出：“蛔虫实际上并不是理想的实验对象，因为蛔虫不是人类，尽管两者分子结构相同。”显然，这个选项与原文主旨完全背离。连实验对象都是错误的话，文章的结论就更加不可能是正确的。这个选项应该排除。
选项G：该选项指出：“这种药物已经用于延缓人类衰老了，虽然还需要更多的证据来证明这种药物真的会起作用”。这种论点显然是不对的;没有做过实验怎么能够就冒然使用呢?而且与文中提到的“目前还没有在人类身上做实验”这一点完全相左。这个选项也是明显的干扰选项。 -
第17题：
共用题干
第二篇
Natural Medicines
Since earliest days,humans have used some kinds of medicines.We know this because humans have
survived.Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out
completely.
They were successful long before the time of modern medicine.Before the time of doctors with white
coats and shiny（发亮的）instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.
Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospi-
tals.Yet injuries are treated.And diseases are often cured.How?By ancient methods.By medicines that
might seem mysterious , even magical（有魔力的）.Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical,
however.
Through the centuries, tribal（部族的）medicine men experimented with plants. They found many use-
ful chemicals in the plants.And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure
for some of today's most serious diseases.
Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care.These natural medicines
are used not just because people have no other form of treatment.They are used because people trust them.
In developed areas,few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store.Yet many wide-
ly-used medicines are from ancient sources,especially plants.Some experts say more than 25% of modern
medicines come,in one way or another,from nature.
Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory.All living things contain chemicals
that help them survive.So scientists' interest in traditional medicine is not new.But it has become an ur-
gent concern.This is because the earth's supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.It can be seen from the passage that the earth's supply of natural medicines________.
A:may never be exhausted
B:may be dropping rapidly
C:is surprisingly big
D:is as rich as ever答案：B解析：由文章第一段第二句话可知，古代的医疗手段已经足以让人类免于完全灭亡，即生存 下去。故选B。
由文章第三段可知，现在世界上的很多地方仍然没有高学历的医生，也没有治疗费昂贵的医院，但这些地方的人们仍有办法治疗疾病。他们仍然使用古老的医疗办法来治病。故 选A。
由文章第四段最后一句话可知，科学家们相信这些古老的医疗手段可能会给现今最严 重的疾病提供治愈方法。故选B。
由文章第五段第一句话可知，专家们说世界上80％的人们在用植物草药做医疗保健。 故选D。或者根据文章主题（文章标题Natural Medicine）直接选择答案。
由文章最后一段最后一句话，可知地球上的天然药物的供给量可能会急速下降。故 选B。第三篇 本篇文章主要讲述了人类为了改善生活使用技术工具改变了地球的自然面貌，在给自己带 来便利的同时却污染了环境，影响了生态平衡。 -
第18题：
Text3 Genetically engineered crops are safe for humans and animals to eat and have not caused increases in cancer,obesity,gastrointestinal illnesses,kidney disease,autism or allergies,an exhaustive report from the National Academies of Science released Tuesday found.Overall,genetically engineered（GE）crops saved farmers in the United States money but didn't appear to increase crop yields.They have lowered pest populations in some areas,especially in the Midwest but increased the number of herbicide-resistant weeds in others.There's also no evidence that GE crops have affected the population of monarch butterflies,the report said.To gauge whether foods made from genetically modified crops were safe for human consumption,the committee compared disease reports from the United States and Canada,where such crops have been consumed since the mid-1990s,and those in the United Kingdom and westem Europe,where they are not widely eaten.No long-term pattem ofincrease in specific health problems after the introduction of GE foods in the 1990s in the United States and Canada was found.There was no correlation between obesity or Type n diabetes and the consumption of GE foods.Celiac disease,which makes humans intolerant of gluten,increased in both populations.Patterns in the increase in autism spectrum disorder in children were similar in both the United Kingdom and the United States,the committee reported.Overall the report concluded that there were no differences in terms ofa higher risk to human health between foods made from GE crops and those made from conventionally-bred crops.Food&Water Watch,a government accountability group in Washington D.C.,said the committee's ties to the biotech industry and other corporations create conflicts ofinterest and raise questions about the independence ofits work."Critics have long been marginalized,"said Wenonah Hauter,the group's executive director.A significant portion of American consumers are concerned about the safety or other effects of foods made with genetically modified crops,often called GMOs for genetically modified orgarusms.A survey released last year by the NPD Group,a market research firm,found that 57%ofAmericans were concemed that genetically modified foods posed a health hazard.The food industry has taken notice.In 2015,Progressive Grocer,a trade publication,reported that total U.S.sales of food and beverage products labeled"non-GMO"reached$10 billion during 2014.The National Academies report will likely not sway these consumers,said Phil Lempert,a Los Angeles-based food industry analyst."It's an emotional issue,it's not a science issue,"he said.32.According to Paragraphs 3 and 4,we can infer thatA.European people have widely accepted GE crops.
B.GE crops have been introduced to Britain in the 1990s.
C.Celiac disease has relationship to GE crops consumption.
D.People in UK and U.S.have suffered from overweight.答案：D解析：推理判断题。第三、四段中将美国、加拿大和英国、西欧出现的一些疾病做出比较。而第四段第一句There was no correlation benveen obesiry or Type lI diabetes and the consumption ofGE foods（肥胖、二型糖尿病与转基因食品的食用之间没有关联）指出的第一种疾病就是obesity（肥胖症）．故D项正确。【干扰排除】A项与原文第三段中间and those in the United Kingdom and westem Europe，where they are not widely eaten（而在英国和西欧，转基因作物的推行没有那么广泛）意思不符，所以A项错误；B项源自原文第三段第一句where such crops have been consumed since the mid-1990s（美国、加拿大自20【址纪90年代中期开始食用转基因作物）．但这里没有提到英国，所以B项也是错误的；第四段第二句提到“麦胶性肠病（乳糜泻，对麸质不耐受）在大西洋两岸都有增长”，这说明这种疾病不是由于食用了转基因工程作物而引起的，所以C项也错误。 -
第19题：
资料：It’s easy to trace the evolution of the automobile.At most，we’re only talking about a few centuries of technological development，and most of the plans，prototypes and models are still around. With just a little research，you can easily trace the latest model electric hybrid back to its steam-powered ancestors.
Your family tree is probably a different matter. Even an extensive genealogy chart can only reach back so far，and mortality puts a rather strict limit on exactly how many “models” are still on the road. Humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult. We still have plenty of living primate relatives，but many of the life forms that connect the evolutionary dots are long extinct.
Evolutionary biologists use several methods to decipher exactly how we came to be as we are.In fact，the field itself encompasses several different disciplines in addition to biology，like genetics，psychology，geology，archaeology linguistics，anthropology and primatology just to name a few. Naturally，paleoanthropology also plays a key role，as we have to turn to the fossil record for many clues about our ancient primate，human and nearly human ancestors.
While the fossil record by its very nature is incomplete，there’s no shortage of fossil evidence to link the planet’s varied life forms into a great tree of life， a chart that scientists call a phylogenetic tree. You can think of humans as the very tip of just one branch on that tree called “hominid.” Chimpanzees exist at the end of an adjoining branch called “panin.” Follow both the hominid and panin branch back about 5.4 million years， and you’ll find a point where scientists think the two converged from a single，common ancestor.
Fossil evidence helps scientists to reconstruct these trees，but so do morphological and genetic studlies. Genetic analysis has yielded striking similarities between chimps and humans. As such， scientists know a last common ancestor of chimps and humans existed，even if we’ve yet to determine the exact species. Yet paleoanthropologists have found numerous hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from that unknown common ancestor to modern humans. These finds include such famous East African fossils as Lucy（Australopithecus afarensis），which strengthened the importance of bipedalism in human evolution and proved an essential milestone on our way to modern Homo sapiens.
Fossil evidence for human evolution will never be complete，as fossils themselves are rare geologic occurrences.Nevertheless，by incorporating other scientific disciplines，we’re able to build an increasingly accurate picture of just what our evolutionary family tree consisted of.
What can be inferred from Para.5?A.Morpholoical and genetic studies helped scientists to trace unknown common ancestor of chimps and humans existed.
B.Morphological and genetic studies determined exact species of common ancestor of chimps and humans existed.
C.Genetic studies found hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from unknown common ancestor to modern humans.
D.Morphological studies helped finding the famous East African fossils and set up an milestone in this field.答案：C解析：题目意为“根据第五段可推断出？”选项A意为“形态学和遗传学研究帮助科学家追踪黑猩猩和人类的未知共同祖先。”原文说的是基因研究帮助科学家追踪到黑猩猩和人类的共同祖先，此项错误。。选项B意为“形态学和遗传学研究确定了黑猩猩和人类共同祖先的确切种类。”根据原文，并无法确定黑猩猩和人类共同祖先的确切种类，此项错误。选项C意为“遗传学研究发现，人类化石是连接从未知的共同祖先到现代人类的进化过程的桥梁。”根据主题句，此项正确。选项D意为“形态学研究有助于发现著名的东非化石，并在这一领域建立了一个里程碑。”原文并未提到是形态学有助于发现化石，此项错误。 -
第20题：
共用题干
Natural Medicines
Since earliest days,humans have used some kinds of medicines.We know this because humans have survived.Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely.
They were successful long before the time of modern medicine. Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny（发亮的）instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.
Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals.Yet injuries are treated.And diseases are often cured.How?By ancient methods. By medicines that might seem mysterious , even magical（有魔力的）.Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical,however.
Through the centuries , tribal（部落的）medicine men experimented with plants. They found
many useful chemicals in the plants.And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines
may provide the cure for some of today's most serious diseases.
Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care.These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment. They are used because people trust them. In developed areas,few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store .Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources,especially plants.
Some experts say more than 25%of modem medicines come,in one way or another,from nature.
Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory. All living things contain chemicals that help them survive .So scientists' interest in traditional medicine is not new.But it has become an urgent concern.This is because the earth's supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.It can be seen from the passage that the earth's supply of natural medicines______.
A: may never be exhausted
B: may be dropping rapidly
C: is surprisingly big
D: is as rich as ever答案：B解析：第一段中“...successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely"（有效地使人类免于完全消亡）与选项B" successful enough for humans to survive"（有效地使人类生存下来）意思一样。短文中并没有对选项A的内容做比较，实际上也不可能笼统地做这种比较。选项C和D凭常识也能做出判断，绝时肯定和绝对否定都是错误的。
第三段第一句和第二句对选项A中的“all over the world”作了否定，而其他三个选项的内容在短文中都直接或间接谈到：选项B的内容在第二段最后一句和第三段第一句、第二句都间接提到，我们自然会想到，大医院有现代化的医疗设备，有经过高等教育的医生，有现代化的药品，看病的价格当然昂贵；第三段最后一句的内容与选项C的文字完全相同；第一段第一句的内容与选项D的内容也相同。
第四段最后一句提供了本问题的答案，两处除了句子结构不同以外，文字完全相同。其他三个选项的内容短文都没有提及，根据常识判断也可以知道它们不是正确答案。
第五段第一句直接提供了本题的答案。
短文最后一句直接提供了本问题的答案，其他三个选项均与此完全相反。 -
第21题：
共用题干
Natural Medicines
Since earliest days,humans have used some kinds of medicines.We know this because humans have survived.Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely.
They were successful long before the time of modern medicine. Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny（发亮的）instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.
Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals.Yet injuries are treated.And diseases are often cured.How?By ancient methods. By medicines that might seem mysterious , even magical（有魔力的）.Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical,however.
Through the centuries , tribal（部落的）medicine men experimented with plants. They found
many useful chemicals in the plants.And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines
may provide the cure for some of today's most serious diseases.
Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care.These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment. They are used because people trust them. In developed areas,few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store .Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources,especially plants.
Some experts say more than 25%of modem medicines come,in one way or another,from nature.
Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory. All living things contain chemicals that help them survive .So scientists' interest in traditional medicine is not new.But it has become an urgent concern.This is because the earth's supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.What do the majority of the people in the world use for health care?
A: Strange and wonderful equipment.
B: Factory-produced chemicals.
C: Modern medicines.
D: Plants.答案：D解析：第一段中“...successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely"（有效地使人类免于完全消亡）与选项B" successful enough for humans to survive"（有效地使人类生存下来）意思一样。短文中并没有对选项A的内容做比较，实际上也不可能笼统地做这种比较。选项C和D凭常识也能做出判断，绝时肯定和绝对否定都是错误的。
第三段第一句和第二句对选项A中的“all over the world”作了否定，而其他三个选项的内容在短文中都直接或间接谈到：选项B的内容在第二段最后一句和第三段第一句、第二句都间接提到，我们自然会想到，大医院有现代化的医疗设备，有经过高等教育的医生，有现代化的药品，看病的价格当然昂贵；第三段最后一句的内容与选项C的文字完全相同；第一段第一句的内容与选项D的内容也相同。
第四段最后一句提供了本问题的答案，两处除了句子结构不同以外，文字完全相同。其他三个选项的内容短文都没有提及，根据常识判断也可以知道它们不是正确答案。
第五段第一句直接提供了本题的答案。
短文最后一句直接提供了本问题的答案，其他三个选项均与此完全相反。 -
第22题：
单选题We may infer from the second paragraph that ______.Agas price has no influence on drivers.
BToyota Yaris is not welcome in Manhattan.
CNissan Versa has already been well selling for its six-speed transmission.
DHonda Fit is more economical than Chevy Suburban SUV.
正确答案： A解析：
推理判断题。由题干定位至第二段。由本段首句末尾The timing, couldn’t be better for drivers和which are roiling out the high-mileage vehicles just as gas is cresting $3 a gallon可知油价上涨对车主及汽车生产商都有影响，A不符合文意；由段中The Toyota Yaris turns heads in midtown Manhattan中的turns heads可知Toyota在曼哈顿引人注目，文中没有明确提到它是否受欢迎，B排除；由文中Nissan Versa will have a sporty six-speed manual transmission可知有six. speed transmission的Nissan Versa还未出售，排除C；由倒数第二句可知the Honda Fit拥有先进的电子油门和非常轻的铝合金引擎使得驾驶起来既轻快，同时花费又少，D符合文意，故正确。 -
第23题：
单选题We can infer from the passage_______.Athe ice can easily just slip into the ocean
Bvolcanoes caused the ice to melt
Cmelting just in the Northern hemisphere would have been impossible
Dresearchers often use the computer models help their research work
正确答案： A解析： -
第24题：
问答题Green Gene Technology For the past 10,000 years humans have influenced the plants they use at first unknowingly, later by design. Today’s crops have been created by a process of selection and classical breeding. More specific improvements in breeding will be possible in future. Science has cracked the genetic information code. Green gene technology is an effective tool in crop breeding, enabling us to develop new crops even more rapidly and specifically. We can make them more efficient, optimizing their contents and valuable substances to suit the wishes and requirements of customers and the processing industry. Their metabolism can be individually modified, making them produce starch, protein and fats with special properties. Through gene transfer plants can be made more resistant to viruses, bacteria, harmful fungi and insect pests. Genetically modified plants can be cultivated to possess improved stress behavior, with the result that they absorb water better in dry locations and can make more efficient use of soil nutrients. We can also optimize weed control. To do so, we make crops tolerant to environmentally sound and easily degradable herbicides. This is not as simple as it sounds. But we have been successful: Innovator has been on the Canadian market since 1995. This is the first oilseed rape variety to contain the glufosinate tolerance gene, facilitating the use of AgrEvo’s broad-spectrum herbicide liberty. We are committed to green gene technology, with which we aim to make crop breeding even more efficient and environmentally friendly. Before being brought on to the market these genetically modified plants are researched and tested for years until the questions posed regarding their safety have been answered. This is a great opportunity for us to realize our vision: the use of faster methods to breed varieties which will continue to provide us with sufficient food and raw materials in future. Our fossil reserves will soon be exhausted. Experts estimate that we only have enough oil for another 43 years and natural gas for less than 60. This means we must rethink and act accordingly, using new crop varieties to step up the move to replenishable sources of raw materials and energy. In other words, green gene technology is the key technology for sustainable agriculture.正确答案： 【参考译文】
绿色基因技术 在过去一万年中,人类改变了他们所利用的农作物。起初是无意的,后来则是刻意的。今天的作物是通过淘汰选择和传统育种的方法而得到的。将来,农作物育种将可能会进行更有针对性的改进。
科学破译了遗传信息密码。绿色基因技术是作物育种的一种有效工具,使我们能够以更快速度开发新的作物,更有针对性地改良作物性状。这些新作物由此产效增高,成分优化,能生产出有价值的物质,满足顾客和农产品加工业的期望和要求。这些作物的新陈代谢能个别修改,从而生产具有特殊性能的淀粉、蛋白质和脂肪。通过基因转移,增强植物抵抗病毒、细菌、有害真菌和害虫的能力。
转基因改良的作物抗环境胁迫能力得以提高,所以能较好地从干燥的土壤中吸收水份,能更有效地利用土壤养份。我们还能优化杂草控制。这样,使作物能忍耐那些环保易降解除草剂。这个说说容易,做起来就不是那么回事了。尽管如此,我们已经获得了成功:早在1995年“革新者”牌就推向了加拿大市场。这就是第一代含有作物的变体品种,含有抗革铵膦基因,因此可以自由方便地使用农业环保公司生产的广谱除草剂。
我们采用绿色基因技术,目的在于使作物育种更有效,更环保。这些转基因作物投放到市场之前,我们对其安全性进行了多年研究与试验,直到所有问题都明朗化。这是一个实现我们目标的大好机遇。我们的目标是:应用更快捷的方法来培育品种,在将来不断向我们提供足够的食物和原料。化石能源储备不久将被耗尽。专家们估计,原油仅够用43年,而天然气则不到60年。
这意味着,我们必须对此重新思考,采取行动,应用新作物品种来促进开发可重复利用的原料和能源。换言之,绿色基因技术就是可持续农业的关键技术。解析： 暂无解析