问答题Practice 1  Once again, science supports what your grandmother told you: A good night’s sleep helps your body fight a cold.  People who (1)______ fewer than seven hours of sleep per night in the weeks before being (2)______ to the cold virus were nearl

题目
问答题
Practice 1  Once again, science supports what your grandmother told you: A good night’s sleep helps your body fight a cold.  People who (1)______ fewer than seven hours of sleep per night in the weeks before being (2)______ to the cold virus were nearly three times as likely to get sick as those who averaged eight hours or more, a new study found.  Researchers used frequent telephone (3)______ to track the sleep habits of more than 150 men and women aged 21 to 55 over the course of a few weeks. Then they exposed the (4)______ to the virus, quarantined (隔离) them for five days and kept track of who got sick.  (5)______ sleeping more, sleeping better also seemed to help the body fight illness: Patients who fared better on a measure known as “sleep efficiency”—the percentage of time in bed that you’re (6)______ sleeping—were also less likely to get sick.  The results held true even after researchers adjusted for (7)______ such as body-mass index, age, sex, smoking and pre-existing antibodies to the virus.  Like your grandmother, the researchers aren’t exactly sure why sleeping better makes you less likely to develop a cold. But they do take a stab at the answer: “Sleep (8)______ influences the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, histamines, and other symptom mediators that are released in (9)______ to infection.” In plain English, maybe tossing and turning when you’re infected with the cold virus (10)______ to the symptoms that define a cold.[A] subjects      [B] disruption      [C] exposed[D] contributes     [E]interviews      [F] Despite[G] actually      [H] properties      [I]response[J]variables      [K]action        [L]averaged[M]Besides       [N]partially       [O]disturbance

相似考题
参考答案和解析
正确答案: 1.L 考 点:动词。分析句子结构可知定语从句缺少谓语成分,故此处需填一动词。此处表达了试验的结果,因此要用一般过去时。原句意为“______每晚少于七小时睡眠的人”,结合选项,可与数字搭配的动词只能是average,意为“平均为”, 故选项L正确。
2.C 考 点:动词。空格前为being,空格处应填形容词或动词过去分词。空格所在句的意思为“每晚平均睡眠少于7小时的人比那些平均睡眠8小时以上的人在______流感病毒时更容易感冒”,be exposed to意为“接触,面对”,符合题意。 故选项C最符合题意。
3.E 考 点:名词。由句子结构可知,空处应填名词,与telephone构成搭配。interviews telephone为固定搭配,意为“电话采访”, 故选项E正确。
4.A 考 点:名词。空格前为定冠词the,故空格处要填名词。这句话的意思为“他们(科学家)让______接触到病毒,对他们实行隔离……”,结合选项,只有subject,意为“接受试验者,实验对象”,符合题意,故选项A正确。
5.M 考 点:介词。这句话的意思为“______睡得多,睡得好也对预防疾病有所帮助”,很明显空处要填“除了……之外(还)”。despite意为“不管,不顾”,故可排除。besides意为“除……以外”, 故选项M正确。
6.G 考 点:副词。由句子结构可知,空格处应填副词。这句话的意思为“睡眠效率是指______睡眠时间占总躺床时间的百分比”,故可推知,空处应填“真正地,事实地”, 故选项G正确。
7.J 考 点:名词。分析句子结构可知空格处词性与such as 后边的内容相同。故此处需填一名词。由于such as 后边的 “body-mass index,age,sex,smoking and pre-existing antibodies to the virus”都是“变量”, variables意为“变数,变量” 故选项J正确。
8.O 考 点:名词。由句子结构可知,空处与sleep搭配充当句子的主语。由选项可知,disturbance sleep可构成搭配,意为“睡眠紊乱”, 故选项O正确。
9.I 考 点:固定搭配。由句子结构可知,此处构成了in…to短语,结合选项,只有in response to意为“对……的反应”,符合题意,故选项I正确。
10.D 考 点:动词。 由句子结构可知,主句缺少谓语,tossing and turning为句子的主语,故空格处应填动词第三人称单数。原句意为“简单地说,当你感染了病毒辗转反侧难以入眠______感冒的症状”,空处应填“促成了”,contribute to意为“是……的原因之一”。 故选项D正确。
解析: 暂无解析
更多“Practice 1  Once again, science supports what your grandmoth”相关问题
  • 第1题:

    In the Cisco IOS, what is the definition of a global command?()

    • A、A command that can be entered in any configuration mode.
    • B、A command that supports all protocols.
    • C、A command that is implemented in all IOS versions.
    • D、A command that is set once and affects the entire router.
    • E、A command that is available in every release of IOS.

    正确答案:D

  • 第2题:

    You ran out of space and added a eighth disk to your SCSI-1 system. When you try to start, the system no longer boots. What is most likely the cause of this problem?()

    • A、 SCSI-1 supports only 8 devices including the adaptor.
    • B、 SCSI-1 supports only 6 disks per adaptor.
    • C、 There is a SCSI-ID conflict that causes that problem.
    • D、 You forgot to set the SCSI-ID #8 for the new disk.

    正确答案:A

  • 第3题:

    单选题
    You ran out of space and added a eighth disk to your SCSI-1 system. When you try to start, the system no longer boots. What is most likely the cause of this problem?()
    A

     SCSI-1 supports only 8 devices including the adaptor.

    B

     SCSI-1 supports only 6 disks per adaptor.

    C

     There is a SCSI-ID conflict that causes that problem.

    D

     You forgot to set the SCSI-ID #8 for the new disk.


    正确答案: A
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第4题:

    问答题
    Practice 6  ● Your company wants to choose a new Overseas Sales Manager. You are asked to draft a want-advertisement to be posted on the Internet of your company.  ● Write an e-mail to all staff:  ● stating what position is wanted and what abilities are required,  ● saying what documents are needed when applying,  ● pointing out for how long this position holds.  ● Write 30—40 words on the opposite page.

    正确答案: 【参考范文】
    To: All staff
    From: Mary Brown
    Date: 6 June 2008
    Subject: An Overseas Sales Manager Wanted
    Dear all,
    A new Overseas Sales Manager is needed for the next financial year in France. The applicants should have three years’ working experience abroad and strong leadership skills. Fluent French ability will be an asset. Please take your CV and Reference documents when applying for the position.
    Thanks!
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第5题:

    问答题
    Practice 3  Your TV set broke down only one week after it was brought. Write a letter of complaint to the store where your TV set was bought.  1) to express what is wrong with your TV set  2) to make your request (change for a new one, or return the broken one... )  3) to urge the store to give an early reply  You should write approximately 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter. Use “Wang Lin” instead. You do not need to write your address and the date.

    正确答案: 【参考范文】
    Dear Sir or Madam,
    Last week I bought a TV set from your store. Unfortunately, your product was unable to work properly. It always stops working suddenly and the screen becomes blank. And it broke down this morning. To resolve the problem, I would like you to return my money back, or change a new set for me.
    I’m looking forward to your early reply and a resolution to my problem, and I will wait a reasonable amount of time before taking this matter further.
    Thank you for taking time to read this letter.
    Sincerely,
    Wang Lin
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第6题:

    问答题
    Practice 2  Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.  Being truly human as a member of a society means seeing injustice and working to fix it. The human mind is endowed with not only the ability to perceive the world and act instinctively, but to visualize a better future and endeavor to realize it.  Assignment: What is one great injustice in the world, and how should it be addresed? Write an essay in which you answer this question and explain the reasons for your choice. You may draw inspiration and support from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation.

    正确答案: 【参考范文】
    One great in justice that has not been adequately addressed is the perception that depression is a sign of weakness. The human mind is a complex puzzle. Psychological theories, diagnoses and treatment are constantly changing and may never be fully understood. Unfortunately, people tend to dismiss theories that don’t provide simple answers.
    At best, psychologists can create a rough map of tendencies and patterns, connecting them as often as possible to findings in neurology and thus lending them a sense of scientific validity, . Diagnosing a complex disease like depression involves examining a wide constellation of symptoms over a long period of time. This doesn’t satisfy skeptics. Someone with the flu will show clear symptoms like fever, nausea, and congestion. A depressed person will have less measurable symptoms like lethargy, emotional polarity or apathy. Skeptics tend to view these as simply a lack of will. They do not understand that depression is an illness just like influenza or cancer. Someone with a tumor can’t just think happy thoughts and pretend it is not there. The same can be said about clinical depression.
    People suffering from depression are unfairly stigmatized. They resist seeking help and so lead lives filled with unnecessary pain. Those lucky enough to find help are often ashamed to tell their peers. Friends often misconstrue symptoms of depression as personal slights. . Why didn’t she call me? Why is he not fun anymore? Bonds are thus broken due to miscommunication.
    Depression alters one’s life at least as dramatically as more “accepted” illnesses do. People suffering from depression need others to understand the limitations deprssion imposes. They need to be allowed to heal. Advances in anti-depresents and mood stabilizers can help ease these adjustments, but social pressure makes it nearly impossible for the victims of depression to live in a suitable environment.
    Emotional disorders are a remarkably sad facet of life. To lose control over one’s emotions is to lose track of hope. A world that denies one’s suffering makes this situation even worse. The key to resolving this problem is education. People of all ages need to understand how prevalent depression is and that it is not a cause for embarrassment. Hopefully, we will one day live in a world where emotional disorders will be treated with the same tolerance and compassion as “traditional” illnesses.
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第7题:

    单选题
    What does the paragraph following the passage most probably discuss?
    A

    How to recover your luggage

    B

    Where to go to continue your trip

    C

    When to return to the aircraft

    D

    How to proceed once you are away from the aircraft


    正确答案: D
    解析:
    文章末句讲到“当你来到地面时,应尽快离开飞机,决不能在失事的飞机旁抽烟”,可推测文章以下段落会就乘客离开飞机后应怎么做进行描述,因此选D。proceed继续进行;行进。

  • 第8题:

    问答题
    Practice 1Write a letter to a friend who has invited you to stay with them in their country.In your letter· thank your friend for their invitation· say when you are likely to visit· say what you would like to do during your visitWrite at least 150 words.You do NOT need to write any addresses. Begin your letter as follows:Dear...

    正确答案: 【参考范文】
    Dear Bella,
    Thank you so much for inviting me to come and stay with you at your home in Rome next year. I'd love to come.
    I've heard that summer is quite hot and humid there, and I'm not sure what your commitments at work are, so when do you think would be the most suitable time for me to visit? I am on holiday from university from December to February, so I am available to travel to visit you any time in these months.
    I'm so excited about seeing you again and catching up on all your news. I've never been to Rome but I know it is a very beautiful city with lots of interesting history. I would love to see the Coliseum and of course all the stunning churches and old buildings. I'm also very keen on Italian food and I love shopping, so I'm sure we're going to have a great time.
    Hoping to hear from you soon.
    Clara
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第9题:

    问答题
    Practice 5  ● You are on a business trip to one of your company’s factories in Paris to inspect some machines in trouble. You are asked to report to your Department Manager about your work progress there.  ● Write a memo  ● telling him what you have done so far,  ● stating what the trouble is,  ● saying what you are going to do next.  ● Write 40—50 words on the opposite page.

    正确答案: 【参考范文】
    To: Mr. Bill Gates
    From: John Black
    Date: 2 March 2009
    Subject: Work Progress
    I’ve been inspecting the machines which are reported to be in troubles since the day I arrived in Paris. It turns out that something goes wrong with the engines, so I decide to call the machine manufacturers tomorrow and ask their technicians to do something about it.
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第10题:

    单选题
    What does “You begin to worry that fights of fancy might become one way” mean?
    A

    You begin to worry that you’ll never be a useful member of the society again.

    B

    You begin to worry that you’ll never be able to find a job again.

    C

    You begin to worry that you’ll never be able to face the reality.

    D

    You begin to worry that you’ll never be able to see your relatives again.


    正确答案: C
    解析:
    You begin to worry that fights of fancy might become one way意思是“整日的胡思乱想会使你因此陷入不能自拔的境地”。换句话说,你将陷入不能面对现实的困境。C是正确选择。A“你会担心将永远不能再成为社会有用的一员”,B“你会担心将永远找不到工作”,和D“你将担心永远不能见到你的亲人”都与文章不相符。

  • 第11题:

    问答题
    Practice 2  ● A customer wrote a letter of complaint because he was overcharged when he checked out of your hotel. You have to ease his anger and disappointment in hopes of keeping him at your hotel again during his next visit.  ● Write a letter to Mr. Sholes:  ● Apologising for the mistake made by your side;  ● Telling him how this happened;  ● Offering compensations to the client.  ● Write about 60—80 words.

    正确答案: 【参考范文】
    Dear Mr. Sholes,
    We’re writing concerning your letter of 21st June. I feel deeply sorry for the serious mistake happened. To our utter surprise, there was something deadly wrong with our calculation results. Our accountant was such careless that he let something like this occur.
    We’ll send you a cheque of $500 within today. As a compensation for your trouble, we would like to provide you with a special discount of 40% for your next stay, I must apologise to you again for our terrible mistake.
    Faithfully Yours,
    Jim Smith
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第12题:

    问答题
    Practice 4  ● You are to meet a client from China next Wednesday.  ● Write a message to Miss Gordon, your secretary, telling her:  ● What are needed to entertain the guest;  ● To tidy up your office;  ● Where you would have dinner.  ● Write about 30—40 words.

    正确答案: 【参考范文】
    From: General Manager
    To: Secretary Miss Gordon
    There will an important client from China visiting our company next Wednesday. Prepare Havana cigars and some green tea for him. Tidy up my office before 9: 00 a.m. Please also arrange our dinner at the Grand Hotel in the downtown.
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第13题:

    What is a global command?()

    • A、a command that is set once and affects the entire router
    • B、a command that is implemented in all foreign and domestic IOS versions
    • C、a command that is universal in application and supports all protocols
    • D、a command that is available in every release of IOS, regardless of the version or deployment status
    • E、a command that can be entered in any configuration mode

    正确答案:A

  • 第14题:

    问答题
    Practice 1  ● You work for a large company. You are going to be transferred to another department within your company.  ● Write an email to all staff:  ● telling them which department you are moving to  ● saying when you will be moving department  ● explaining what your new responsibility will be.  ● Write 40-50 words.

    正确答案: 【参考范文】
    Dear colleagues,
    I am writing to tell you that I will leave this department so as to take over a new job in the purchasing department. My new job will begin on June 7th, 2009 and negotiating supply contracts will be my main responsibility.
    Thank you.
    Karen
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第15题:

    单选题
    Please ______ your exam papers once again before handing them in.
    A

    going over

    B

    went over

    C

    go over

    D

    to go over


    正确答案: D
    解析:
    句意:在上交前请再一次检查你的试卷。本题考查祈使句。祈使句主语为“you”,一般省略,直接以动词原形开头,故C项正确。go over为固定短语,意为“仔细检查;复习”。

  • 第16题:

    问答题
    Practice 2Imagine that an Irish marketing firm is doing research in your country. You have agreed to participate in a telephone interview about vegetables in your diet.Question: What are your favorite vegetables?

    正确答案: (1)I like corn and spinach and carrots.
    解 析:spinach菠菜。
    (2)I like only potatoes. I don’t care for green vegetables.
    解 析:第二句没用常见的I don’t like…回答,而使用了较高水平的don’t care for。
    (3)As far as I’m concerned, cucumbers, broccoli, and onions are all good choices when they are mixed in with other foods. Besides, I like green beans.
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第17题:

    问答题
    Practice 8  ● You have seen a job with a multi-national company advertised in a newspaper.  ● Write a letter to the company applying for the job. Refer to relevant factors such as the nature of the job and why you are interested in it, your qualifications and experience, what you are doing now and what you could contribute to the position.  ● Write 200-250 words on your Answer Sheet.

    正确答案: 【参考范文】
    April 5, 2013
    Dear Mr. Smith,
    I am writing to apply for the post of Assistant Marketing for China and the South East Asia Region, which I have seen advertised in “China Today” of Friday 28 March 2010.
    According to the job description, the work involves planning and implementing marketing strategies for the whole China/South Asia region, as well as considerable traveling to liaise with the company’s agents and customers.
    As a matter of fact, I have worked as a junior marketing assistant in a smaller company for the past three years doing similar work. With the experience I have gained, I feel ready to meet more challenges and to realize greater achievements.
    As shown in my enclosed resume, I have a degree of BA in Finance and Management from Peking University, and an MBA from the University of Harvard, USA. Speaking and writing fluent English, Mandarin and Cantonese presents no difficulty for me. Moreover, I have grasped a sound knowledge of Japanese and Korean. I can also operate computer quite satisfactorily. Considering my qualifications and education background, I think I am fully qualified for the job. With enormous energy to put into the work, I am very willing to take on the challenges that your company and this job will offer. By working with the Marketing Manager and the full marketing team, I am confident that I will be able to contribute positively to the expansion of your company’s business in the Asia-Pacific region.
    I am looking forward to hearing from you and sincerely hope that I will be given a chance to be interviewed.
    Thank you for your kind attention.
    Yours sincerely,
    Zhang Wei
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第18题:

    问答题
    Practice 3You are required to write a letter to the post office in your university or in the nearby neighborhood to tell them that you haven't received a parcel which your friend send you for your birthday. In the letter you should cover the following information:(1) explain your situation,(2) tell them what are there in the parcel, and(3) tell them what you want them to do about it.Write at least 150 words.You do NOT need to write any addresses.

    正确答案: 【范文】
    Dear Sir or Madam,
    I am writing to express my strong dissatisfaction with the poor postal service which causes me great trouble.
    I am a student of Dalian University and I am from the south. About one month and a half ago one of my friend sent me a parcel which contains some photos we took at Xiamen. My friend now is in America. It is because he would leave that we tried our best to be together in last summer holiday. Before he left he sent these photos to me. So they are very precious to both of us.
    But to my great disappointment, I have not received these photos yet. What embarrasses me most is that your postal staff refuse to look into the matter which has made me extremely angry.
    I sincerely hope that you will improve your management system and give prompt attention to my case. I am looking forward to your favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
    Yours sincerely,
    Li Ming
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第19题:

    问答题
    Practice 1  Your TV set broke down only one week after it was brought. Write a letter of complaint to the store where your TV set was bought.  (1) to express what is wrong with your TV set  (2) to make your request(change for a new one, or return the broken one... )  (3) to urge the store to give an early reply  You should write approximately 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter. Use “Wang Lin” instead. You do not need to write your address and the date.

    正确答案: 【范文】
    Dear Sir or Madam,
    Last week I bought a TV set from your store. Unfortunately, your product was unable to work properly. It always stops working suddenly and the screen becomes blank. And it broke down this morning. To resolve the problem, I would like you to return my money back, or change a new set for me.
    I’m looking forward to your early reply and a resolution to my problem, and I will wait a reasonable amount of time before taking this matter further.
    Thank you for taking time to read this letter.
    Sincerely,
    Wang Lin
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第20题:

    问答题
    Practice 5  Listen to the following passage. Write in English a short summary of around 150-200 words of what you have heard. You will hear the passage only once and then you will have 25 minutes to finish your summary. This part of the test carries 20 points. You may need to scribble a few notes to write your summary. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    正确答案: 【文章梗概】
    本文的主题是测谎仪。文章认为目前测谎仪已有渗透到日常生活中的趋势,但目前仍没有研究表明测谎仪真的有效。几个世纪以来世界各国人们都在孜孜不倦地寻求通过物理手段检测谎言的仪器。随着科技的发展,声音分析器开始流行,这种仪器工作原理并不复杂,而且使用简单、携带方便。现在仍有先进产品上市,前景良好。美国政府对测谎仪的使用制定了双重标准,一方面政府加大使用测谎仪的力度,一方面命令法庭禁用经测谎仪得到的结果。
    【参考答案】
    综述内容应包括5个主要点信息和9个次要点信息中的5个。下划线部分为主要点, 斜体部分为次要点。
    Lie detectors, those controversial assessors of truth, are making their way into everyday life. Insurance companies use them to help catch people filing fraudulent claims. Suspicious spouses use hand-hand versions to judge whether their significant others are cheating. Interrogators for the U.S. government use them to double-check analyses of who might be terrorists.
    Polygraphs, which have been used for decades, have been joined by new systems that purportedly analyze a person's voice, blush, pupil size and even brain waves for signs of deception. The devices range from costly experimental devices that use strings of electrodes or thermal imaging to $19.95 palm-sized versions.
    No studies haVe ever proven that lie detectors work. Many show that they assess truth as accurately as a coin flip; in other words, not at all. Still, some people have come to depend on them. The recent proliferation of lie detectors has reignited a decades-old debate over the ethics and politics of when and how they should be used and whether such important questions as guilt or innocence should be left to machines.
    Mankind has looked for centuries for a physical indicator that would expose a liar. The Romans studies the entrails of suspected liars. In China, rice was shoved into the mouths of interviewees to measure how dry they were—the drier the mouth, the more likely the person was lying, it was thought. Other cultures tried various chemical concoctions, but they worked no better than chance.
    Especially since September 11, law enforcement agencies consider lie detection systems critical to their investigations. The CIA, FBI and Defense Department have spent millions of dollars on them. In an unusual plea made soon after the terrorist auacks, the government asked for the public’s help in building counterterrorism technologies, among them a portable polygraph.
    In the United States, there is a double standafd when it comes to the use of polygraphs. Although the so-called lie detector is considered an important law enforcement tool, polygraph data are inadmissible as evidence in a court of law. The U.S. Supreme Court forbade private companies from using them to screen job applicants, but allowed the government to use them for the same purpose.
    As debate about polygraphs rages, the devices are being phased out in favor of voice analyzers, which are more portable and easier to use. A voice analyzer device typically consists of a telephone and microphone attached to a computer that packs neatly in a briefcase, or attached to any PC with the proper software installed. Most of the analyzers can be used in person or over the phone. Conversations can be tested in real time or recorded for later analysis.
    First, the questioner asks an interviewee about something he or she would have no reason to lie about, such as “When’s your birthday?” Then he asks what he really wants to ask. The device makes an assessment about whether the subjects is telling the truth based on the differences between the inaudible microtremors in the voice during the first round of questioning and those in the second.
    The federal government officially says it does not use these voice lie detectors. Still, the voice technology has its true believers, among them more than 1.200 police departments nationwide and tens of thousands of consumers.
    The slightly more sophisticated Truster software program that runs on a desktop computer gives text rating of truthfulness. The companies that market these technologies say they are more than 80 percent accurate.
    Though skeptical, Rick Garloff, a 35-year-old American, still said even if the systems are not great lie detectors, they are wonderful lie deterrents. He once used the Truster on his 9-year-old son, to see if he had forgotten to close a door, accidentally letting the dog in. His son claimed no. But the lie detection system said yes. When confronted, his son confessed.
    【解 析】
    一、主干内容表达部分:
    这部分内容为文章的主干内容,是综述的主要点信息。
    1. Lie detectors, those controversial assessors of truth, are making their way into everyday life.
    [分析]本句开宗明义,点明文章的主题,是全文的框架性内容。
    2. No studies have ever proven that lie detectors work.
    [分析]本句位于段落首,是全段中心句,而且本段所讨论的内容也是全文主要论点之一,因此该句是全文的框架性内容。
    3. Mankind has looked for centuries for a physical indicator that would expose a liar.
    [分析]本句位于段落首,是全段中心句,而且本段所讨论的内容即测谎仪的历史追溯也是全文主要内容,为文章论点的提出奠定基础,因此该句是全文的框架性内容。
    4. In the United States, there is a double standard when it comes to the use of polygraphs.
    [分析]本句位于段落首,是全段中心句。人类对测谎仪的使用态度是全文讨论的重点内容,因此该句为全文的框架性内容。
    5. As debate about polygraphs rages, the devices ale being phased out in favor of voice analyzers, which are more portable and easier to use.
    [分析]本句位于段落首,是全段中心句。测谎仪发展的主流和趋势是全文讨论的重点内容,因此该句为全文的框架性内容。
    二、支持性细节表达部分
    这部分内容为主要点的重要支持性细节,是综述的次要点信息。
    1. Polygraphs, which have been used for decades, have been joined by new systems that purportedly analyze a person’s voice, blush, pupil size and even brain waves for signs of deception.
    [分析]本句简单介绍普遍认为的测谎仪工作原理,丰满了全文框架性内容,是重要的支持性细节。
    2. The recent proliferation of lie detectors has reignited a decades-old debate over the ethics and politics of when and how they should be used and whether such important questions as guilt or innocent should be left to machines.
    [分析]本句是对全文主要观点的进一步阐释,引发全文讨论的重点,是重要的支持性细节。
    3. Especially since September 11, law enforcement agencies consider lie detection systems critical to their investigations.
    [分析]本句位于段首,是全段中心句,以典型人物的具体事例强调了文章主要观点,有力地支持了文章的扩展,是重要的支持性细节。
    4. The government asked for the public’s help in building counterterrorism technologies,among them a portable polygraph.
    [分析]本句位于段尾,是全段总结句,进一步证明了该段中心句内容,为全文主要观点提供了有力的证据,是重要的支持性细节。
    5. Although the so-called lie detector is considered an important law enforcement tool, polygraph data ale inadmissible as evidence in a court of law.
    [分析]本句是对全文主要观点的进一步解释和说明,是主要观点的具体化,因此是重要的支持性细节。
    6. Most of the analyzers can be used in person or over the phone. Conversations can be tested in real time or recorded for later analysis.
    [分析]本句是对全文主要内容,即测谎仪发展的主流和趋势的进一步解释和说明,因此是重要的支持性细节。
    7. The device makes an assessment about whether the subjects is telling the truth based on the differences between the inaudible microtremors in the voice during the first round of questioning and those in the second.
    [分析]本句是对主流测谎产品工作原理的介绍,丰满了全文主要内容,因此是重要的支持性细节。
    8. The federal government officially says it does not use these voice lie detectors. Still, the voice technology has its true believers.
    [分析]本句是对全文主要内容的扩展和延伸,从市场角度证明了测谎仪的流行,丰富了全文主要内容,因此是重要的支持性细节。
    9. The slightly more sophisticated Truster software program that runs on a desktop computer gives text rating of truthfulness.
    [分析]本句介绍了测谎仪的流行产品及市场情况,暗示了测谎仪的前景。使对主题的讨论充满意义,丰满了全文主要内容,因此是重要的支持性细节。
    【录音原文】
    Lie detectors, those controversial assessors of truth, are making their way into everyday life. Insurance companies use them to help catch people filing fraudulent claims. Suspicious spouses use hand-hand versions to judge whether their significant others are cheating. Interrogators for the US government use them to double check analysis of who might be terrorists.
    Polygraphs, which have been used for decades, have been joined by new systems that purportedly analyze a person’s voice, blush, pupil size and even brain waves for signs of deception. The devices range from costly experimental devices that use strings of electrodes or thermal imaging to $19.95 palm-sized versions.
    No studies have ever proven that lie detectors work. Many show that they assess truth as accurately as a coin flip; in other words, not at all. Still, some people have come to depend on them. The recent proliferation of lie detectors has reignited a decades-old debate over the ethics and politics of when and how they should be used and whether such important questions as guilt or innocence should be left to machines.
    Mankind has looked for centuries for a physical indicator that would expose a liar. The Romans studied the entrails of suspected liars. In China, rice was shoved into the mouths of interviewees to measure how dry they were—the drier the mouth, the more likely the person was lying, it was thought. Other cultures tried various chemical concoctions, but they worked no better than chance.
    Especially since September 11, law enforcement agencies consider lie detection systems critical to their investigations. The CIA, FBI and Defense Department have spent millions of dollars on them. In an unusual plea made soon after the terrorist attacks, the government asked for the public’s help in building counterterrorism technologies, among them a portable polygraph.
    In the United States, there is a double standard when it comes to the use of polygraphs. Although the so-called lie detector is considered an important law enforcement tool, polygraph data are inadmissible as evidence in a court of law. The US Supreme Court forbade private companies from using them to screen job applicants, but allowed the government to use them for the same purpose.
    As debate about polygraphs rages, the devices are being phased out in favor of voice analyzers, which are more portable and easier to use. A voice analyzer device typically consists of a telephone and microphone attached to a computer that packs neatly in a briefcase, or attached to any PC with the proper software installed. Most of the analyzers can be used in person or over the phone. Conversations can be tested in real time or recorded for later analysis.
    First, the questioner asks an interviewee about something he or she would have no reason to lie about, such as “When’s your birthday?” Then he asks what he really wants to ask. The device makes an assessment about whether the subject is telling the truth based on the differences between the inaudible microtremors in the voice during the first round of questioning and those in the second.
    The federal government officially says it does not use these voice lie detectors. Still, the voice technology has its true believers, among them more than 1,200 police departments nationwide and tens of thousands of consumers.
    The slightly more sophisticated Truster software program that runs on a desktop computer gives text rating of truthfulness. The companies that market these technologies say they are more than 80 percent accurate.
    Though skeptical, Rick Garloff, a 35-year-old American, still said even if the systems are not great lie detectors, they are wonderful lie deterrents. He once used the Truster on his 9-year-old son, to see if he had forgotten to close a door, accidentally letting the dog in. His son claimed no. But the lie detection system said yes. When confronted, his son confessed.
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第21题:

    问答题
    题目要求:  The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can develop and express ideas. You should, therefore, take care to develop your point of view, present your ideas logically and clearly, and use language precisely.  Your essay must be written on the lines provided on your answer sheet—you will receive no other paper on which to write. You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. Remember that people who are not familiar with your handwriting will read what you write. Try to write or print so that what you are writing is legible to those readers.  Important Reminders:  ·A pencil is required for the essay. An essay written in ink will receive a score of zero.  ·Do not write your essay in your test book. You will receive credit only for what you write on your answer sheet.  ·An off-topic essay will receive a score of zero.  ·If your essay does not reflect your original and individual work, your test scores maybe canceled.  You have twenty-five minutes to write an essay on the topic assigned below.Practice 1  Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.  The liberally educated person is one who is able to resist the easy and preferred answers, not because he is obstinate but because he knows others worthy of Consideration.  —Allan Bloom  Assignment: What is one important easy and preferred answer that we should resist? That is, what dangerous misconception do people commonly hold? Write an essay in which you answer this question and support your position logically with examples from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation.

    正确答案: 【参考范文】
    One of the most dangerous misconceptions that people hold today is the idea that our enemies are fundamentally different from us. It is easy, to a certain extent, to understand how such a belief comes about. Most human societies must kill in order to survive, but must at the same time prohibit particular kinds of killing. Throughout our history, humans have been meat-eaters, and so must kill and eat animals in order to thrive (the minority of vegetarians notwithstanding). Also, societies must often defend themselves against violent enemies, necessitating the occasional use of deadly force. On the other hand, civilized societies must prohibit most killing within their own ranks, so that their populations do not die out or suffer needlessly.
    So how do humans deal with this dichotomy: the need to kill, at least occasionally, to survive, and the need to prohibit killing within its ranks? Simply, humans have developed the concepts of us and them. It is okay to kill and eat animals because they do not have the value of humans. Perhaps, too, a society may justify the killing of animals by adopting a belief system that says that animals are gifts to humans from a divine being or beings.
    In much the same way, humans are inclined to put their enemies in the category of other, that is, less than human, or to believe that a divine being has given them permission to kill those enemies. Paradoxically, those religious systems are also very likely to have severe restrictions against killing other human beings. In practice, most cultures regard these as restrictions merely against killing their own kind. However, this type of thinking is counterproductive to the goal of building more just and functional societies. If one society can easily categorize another as an enemy and thereby reduce its foes to the status of animal, then the concept of universal human rights is abolished.
    We see the dangers inherent in denying the humanity of our enemies in the United States today. Although the American Constitution champions the concept of inalienable rights that are due to all human beings, the United States Senate is actively engaged in undermining those rights. The right of habeas corpus, that is, the right of a person in custody to seek a hearing to determine whether or not he or she is being held justly, is a cornerstone of the United States Constitution. It is regarded as a fundamental element of a just society. Yet the Senate is seeking to eliminate that right for foreign detainees captured in the war on terror. In other words, the mere suspicion of terrorism—not proof, but suspicion—is evidently reason enough to reduce a human being to the status of an animal. This heinous distinction of us versus them will surely have dire consequences for the United States, who will rightfully be seen as being grossly hypocritical on the matter of human rights.
    Even beyond the trampling of human rights, the us versus them distinction is not even as useful in wartime as it may seem at first glance, because to defeat our enemy, we must understand our enemy. If we begin with the assumption that your enemy lacks human intelligence, desires and motivations, then we risk severely underestimating his ability. Therefore, if the United States continues down this dangerous path, it runs the risk of losing not only the moral war but the actual war.
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第22题:

    问答题
    Practice 1  Listen to the following passage. Write in English a short summary of around 150-200 words of what you have heard. You will hear the passage only once, and then you will have 25 minutes to finish your summary. This part of the test carries 20 points. You may need to scribble a few notes to write your summary. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    正确答案: 【文章梗概】
    本文主要讨论英语语言。文章认为英语是目前在全球范围内最为广泛使用的语言之一,运用该语言的人数之多, 前所未有。英语在人类生活的各方面广为运用。原因主要有三个,即英语在科学、技术和商业中的运用、英语吸收其它语言词汇的能力及英语接纳不同方言的能力。随着世界的变化,英语也会随之而变,将有新的形式出现。英语不是世界上少数几个国家的财产,它属于所有需要它、使用它的人。
    【参考答案】
    综述内容应包括5个主要点信息和9个次要点信息中的5个。下划线部分为主要点, 斜体部分为次要点。
    The global spread of English over the last 40 years is remarkable. It is unprecedented in several ways: by the increasing number of users of the language, by its depth of penetration into societies and by its range of functions.
    Worldwide over 1.4 billion people live in countries where English has official status. One out of five of the world’s population speaks English with some degree of competence. Over 70% of the world’s scientists read English. About 85% of the world’s mail is written in English. By 2010, the number of people who speak English as a second or foreign language will exceed the number of native speakers.
    English is used for more purposes than ever before. Vocabularies, grammatical forms, and ways of speaking and writing have emerged influenced by technological and scientific developments, economics and management, literature and entertainment genres. What began some 1,500 years ago as a rude language, originally spoken by obscure Germanic tribes who invaded England, now encompasses the globe.
    Three factors continue to contribute to this spread of English: English usage in science, technology and commerce, the ability to incorporate vocabulary from other languages, and the acceptability of various English dialects.
    In science, English replaced German after World War . With this technical and scientific dominance came the beginning of overall linguistic dominance, first in Europe and then globally.
    Today, the information age has replaced the industrial age and has compressed time and distance. This is transforming world economics from industrial production to information-based goods and services. Ignoring geography and borders, the information revolution is redefining our world. In less then 20 years, information processing, once limited to the printed word, has given way to computers and the Internet. Computer-mediated communication is closing the gap between spoken and written English. It encourages more informal conversational language and a tolerance for diversity and individual style, and has resulted in Internet English replacing the authority of language institutes and practices.
    English, like many languages, uses a phonetic alphabet and fairly basic syntax. But most importantly, it has a large and extensive vocabulary, of which about 80%is foreign. Therefore, it has cognates from virtually every language in Europe and has borrowed and continues to borrow words from Spanish and French, Hebrew and Arabic, Hindi-Urdu and Bengali, Malay and Chinese, as well as languages from West Africa and Polynesia. This language characteristic makes it unique in history.
    And there is no English language central authority to guard the purity of the language, therefore, many dialects have developed: American, British, Canadian, Indian, and Australian, to name a few. There is no standard pronunciation. But within this diversity is a unity of grammar and one set of core vocabulary. Thus, each country that speaks the language can inject aspects of its own culture into the usage and vocabulary.
    The world is in transition, and the English language will take new forms. The language and how it is used will change, reflecting patterns of contact with other languages and the changing communication needs of people.
    English is divesting itself of its political and cultural connotations as more people realize that English is not the property of only a few countries. Instead, it is a vehicle that is used globally and will lead to more opportunities. It belongs to whoever uses it for whatever purpose or need.
    【解 析】
    一、主干内容表达部分:
    这部分内容为文章的主干内容,是综述的主要点信息。
    1. The global spread of English over the last 40 years is remarkable. It is unprecedented.
    [分析]该句为开篇第一句,确定全篇话题,是全文框架性内容。
    2. English is used for more purposes than ever before.
    [分析]该句为段落首句,为全段中心句,也是全文话题下讨论的主要内容之一,因此是全文框架性内容。
    3. Three factors continue to contribute to this spread of English: English usage in science, technology and commerce, the ability to incorporate vocabulary from other languages, and the acceptability of various English dialects.
    [分析]从通篇结构判断,本句是全文讨论的重点内容,后面诸段都围绕该句中各关键表达进行,因此该句是全文框架性内容。
    4. The world is in transition, and the English language will take new forms.
    [分析]该句为段落首句,为全段中心句,也是全文话题下讨论的主要内容之一,因此是全文框架性内容。
    5. It belongs to whoever uses it for whatever purpose or need.
    [分析]本部分为全文最后一段最后一句,在对全文总结的基础上提出了对英语的展望,是全文框架性内容。
    二、支持性细节表达部分
    这部分内容为主要点的重要支持性细节,是综述的次要点信息。
    1. In science, English replaced German after World War II. With this technical and scientific dominance came the beginning of overall linguistic dominance, first in Europe and then globally.
    [分析]本句从历史角度具体阐释英语发展科技方面的原因, 有力支持了原文主要观点,因此是重要的支持性细节。
    2. Computer-mediated communication encourages more informal conversational language and a tolerance for diversity and individual style, and has resulted in Internet English replacing the authority of language institutes and practices.
    [分析]本句从目前科技发展的状况具体阐释了英语发展的原因,有力支持了原文主要观点,因此是重要的支持性细节。
    3. English, like many languages, uses a phonetic alphabet and fairly basic syntax. But most importantly, it has a large and extensive vocabulary.
    [分析]本句从语言特质角度分析了英语发展的原因,有力支持了原文主要观点,因此是重要的支持性细节。
    4. It has cognates from virtually every language in Europe and has borrowed and continues to borrow words from other languages. This language characteristic makes it unique in history.
    [分析]本句有理有据地分析了全文框架性内容中英语从其它语言吸收词汇的观点,内容概括适度,结论具有说服力,是重要的支持性细节。
    5. And there is no English language central authority to guard the purity of the language, therefore, many dialects have developed.
    [分析]本句位于段首,是本段中心句,亦概括解释了方言对英语发展的推动作用,因此是重要的支持性细节。
    6. Thus, each country that speaks the language can inject aspects of its own culture into the usage and vocabulary.
    [分析]本句位于段尾,通过信号词Thus可判断,本句是该段的总结句,概括全段内容,因此是重要的支持性细节。
    7. The language and how it is used will change, reflecting patterns of contact with other languages and the changing communication needs of people.
    [分析]本句紧接段落中心句,是对该句的进一步解释和阐述,而该段中心句内容也是全文框架性内容之一,因此本句是重要的支持性细节。
    8. English is divesting itself of its political and cultural connotations.
    [分析]本句位于最后一段段首,简明扼要说明了英语未来发展趋势的原因,因此是重 要的支持性细节。
    9. It is a vehicle that is used globally and will lead to more opportunities.
    [分析]本句简单说明了英语未来发展的趋势,为全文结论的得出提供了有力证据,因此是重要的支持性细节。
    【录音原文】
    The global spread of English over the last 40 years is remarkable. It is unprecedented in several ways: by the increasing number of users of the language, by its depth of penetration into societies and by its range of functions.
    Worldwide over 1.4 billion people live in countries where English has official status. One out of five of the world’s population speaks English with some degree of competence. Over 70% of the world’s scientists read English. About 85%of the world’s mail is written in English. By 2010, the number of people who speak English as a second or foreign language will exceed the number of native speakers.
    English is used for more purposes than ever before. Vocabularies, grammatical forms, and ways of speaking and writing have emerged influenced by technological and scientific developments, economics and management, literature and entertainment genres. What began some 1,500 years ago as a rude language, originally spoken by obscure Germanic tribes who invaded England, now encompasses the globe.
    Three factors continue to contribute to this spread of English: English usage in science, technology and commerce, the ability to incorporate vocabulary from other languages, and the acceptability of various English dialects.
    In science, English replaced German after World War Ⅱ. With this technical and scientific dominance came the beginning of overall linguistic dominance, first in Europe and then globally.
    Today, the information age has replaced the industrial age and has compressed time and distance. This is transforming world economics from industrial production to information-based goods and services. Ignoring geography and borders, the information revolution is redefining our world. In less than 20 years, information processing, once limited to the printed word, has given way to computers and the Internet. Computer-mediated communication is closing the gap between spoken and written English. It encourages more informal conversational language and a tolerance for diversity and individual style, and has resulted in Internet English replacing the authority of language institutes and practices.
    English, like many languages, uses a phonetic alphabet and fairly basic syntax. But most importantly, it has a large and extensive vocabulary, of which about 80% is foreign. Therefore, it has cognates from virtually every language in Europe and has borrowed and continues to borrow words from Spanish and French, Hebrew and Arabic, Hindi-Urdu and Bengali, Malay and Chinese, as well as languages from West Africa and Polynesia. This language characteristic makes it unique in history.
    And there is no English language central authority to guard the purity of the language, therefore, many dialects have developed: American, British, Canadian, Indian, and Australian, to name a few. There is no standard pronunciation. But within this diversity is a unity of grammar and one set of core vocabulary. Thus, each country that speaks the language can inject aspects of its own culture into the usage and vocabulary.
    The word is in transition, and the English language will take new forms. The language and how it is used will change, reflecting patterns of contact with other languages and the changing communication needs of people.
    English is divesting itself of its political and cultural connotations as more people realize that English is not the property of only a few countries. Instead, it is a vehicle that is used globally and will lead to more opportunities. It belongs to whoever uses it for whatever purpose or need.
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第23题:

    问答题
    Practice 2You had a small fire in your room. Write a letter to your landlord Mr. Smiths, and tell him:(1) The situation of what has happened.(2) What property you have lost.(3) The recommendations you provide.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address.

    正确答案: 【参考范文】
    Dear Mr. Smiths,
    An unhappy affair happened last Saturday in my room when I was on my holiday on the beach. Some neighboring boys were playing fireworks and one threw one firework into my broken window which caused the small fire. Fortunately my neighbor Tom found it immediately. He opened the door and put down the fire. The properties that I have lost are as follows:
    (1) My bedcovering, a sweater and an overcoat.
    (2) My textbooks of Education next semester.
    Although they are partly spoiled, I have to change new ones. To avoid such things once more, I put forward some recommendations to you.
    (1) Advise the boys not play fireworks nearby. As in some other countries, it is not allowed to play fireworks in city areas.
    (2) Repair my broken windows immediately please.
    (3) Check the windows and the doors of other rooms. The fire will spread if it happens somewhere else.
    I hope this will get your full attention.
    Yours sincerely,
    Mary
    解析: 暂无解析