单选题One factor causing death on organ transplantation is ______.A heavy bleeding during surgeryB destruction of patients’ immune systemC objection from patients to taking organs of othersD doctors’ lack of confidence

题目
单选题
One factor causing death on organ transplantation is ______.
A

heavy bleeding during surgery

B

destruction of patients’ immune system

C

objection from patients to taking organs of others

D

doctors’ lack of confidence


相似考题

1.A report published today by British doctors showed some worrying trends, but also some positive signs that in the long- term the country’s health might improve. The report was based on two years of interviews with family doctors about their patients.The doctors expressed concern that patients were eating too much and were generally overweight. The doctors said this was particularly worrying as they were seeing more and more young people with weight problems. But it was not just their patients eating too much concerned doctors, but the quality of the food as well.The doctors said that many of their patients led busy lives and did not have time to cook traditional meals. Because of this many of them were turning to unhealthy fast foods. Salesof this type of food have been increasing steadily over the last decade, although there were signs that the rate of growth is declining. The doctors felt that there was a clear link between over- consuming of fast food and health problems among their patients.But the report was not all bad news. The doctors interviewed also reported an increased awareness of the importance of healthy eating among their patients. Many reported an increasein the number of patients they see who had switched to a healthy organic diet.41.The report was_____________________.A). mainly bad news B). all bad news C). all good news D). mainly good news 42. The doctors expressed concern about the problem of ___________________. A). patient’s eating too much B). patient’s quality of the foodC). both the patient’s eating too much and low quality of the food. D). old patients’ overweight43.The doctors said that many of their patients didn’t cook traditional meals because__________________.A). patients led busy lives and they have no time to cook the traditional meals. B). patients liked to have some fast food.C). patients believed that traditional cook were not delicious D). patients often went out for dinner44. At the moment sales of fast food______________. A). are growing rapidly B). are growing slowing C). are decliningD). are at the same speed as before45. Doctors report that more of their patients _________________. A). are aware of the importance of healthy eating B). don’t care about healthy eatingC). are stopping eating fast foods D). turn to fast food more often

更多“单选题One factor causing death on organ transplantation is ______.A heavy bleeding during surgeryB destruction of patients’ immune systemC objection from patients to taking organs of othersD doctors’ lack of confidence”相关问题
  • 第1题:

    The word “euthanasia” in the second paragraph most probably means ________.

    [A] doctors’ sympathy to dying patients

    [B] doctors’ aggressive medical measures to dying patients

    [C] doctors’ mercy killing to reduce sufferings of dying patients

    [D] doctors’ well-meaning treatment to save dying patients


    正确答案:C
    58. [C]意为:医师为帮助生命垂危病人摆脱痛苦而采取的致死措施。 本题是一道词义题,但是解题更多的需要涉及到文章中心词,本文第一段从澳大利亚通过的一个关于安乐死法案的新闻入手,下文全部在讨论各界对该法案的反应,同时在文章最后作者以实例表明了自己对安乐死的观点,由此我们可以确定文章的中心是关于安乐死的。而考研文章的任何一道阅读题目的命制都是和文章中心紧密相连的。据此我们可以推断出答案为C。
    A意为:医师对垂危病人的同情。
    B 医师对垂死病人采取的过激医疗手段。
    D 医师为挽救垂危病人的生命而采取的善意的治疗。 另外“euthanasia” 所在句和下面的 In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.处于平衡位置,由此我们可以判断“euthanasia”和下句的 the right to die 大意相同,答案可
    以锁定 C,四个选项中只有该选项与死亡相关。

  • 第2题:

    共用题干
    Organ Donation and Transplantation

    1 Organ donation(捐献)and transplantation(移植)refers to the process by which organs or tissues
    from one person are put into another person's body.
    2 The number of people needing a transplant continues to rise faster than the number of donors.About
    3,700 transplant candidates are added to the national waiting list each month.Each day,about 77 people
    receive organ transplants.However,18 people die each day waiting for transplants that can't take place
    because of the shortage of donated organs.
    3 There are rio age limits on who can donate.Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ
    donors. If you are under age 18 , you must have a parent's or guardian's consent(同意).If you are 18 years or
    older,you can show you want to be an organ and tissue donor by signing a donor card.
    4 Many people think that if they agree to donate their organs,the doctor or the emergency room staff
    won't work as hard to save their life.This is not true.The transplant team is completely separate from the
    medical staff working to save your life.The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors
    have determined that all possible efforts to save your life have failed.
    5 If you need an organ transplant,your doctor will help you get on the national waiting list.Your name
    will be added to a pool of names.When an organ donor becomes available,all the patients in the pool are
    compared to that donor. Factors such as blood and tissue type, size of the organ, medical urgency(紧急)of
    the patient's illness , time already spent on the waiting list, and distance between donor and recipient(接受
    者)are considered.

    Paragraph 5 _________
    A: Quality of Donated Organs
    B: Benefits of Organ Donation
    C:Distribution of Donated Organs
    D:Quality of Donor Medical Care
    E:Age Limits for Organ Donation
    F:Status of Organ Donation and Transplantation

    答案:C
    解析:
    第二段中提到需要器官移植的人增加的速度远远大于器官捐献者增加的速度。每月有 3 700人加人等候者的行列,但每天只有77人接受器官移植;每天有18人在等待中死亡。这些 都是讲目前器官捐献和移植的状况,因此选择F。
    第三段第一句“There are no age limits on who can donate.”就说明此段和捐献者的年龄 有关,因此选E。
    第四段的中心意思是捐献者不必为他们的医疗担心,他们的医疗同样有保障,因此 选D。
    第五段讲确定器官接受者的因素,也就是如何决定捐赠的器官给哪个患者,因此选C。
    从第二段内容可以看出A是正确答案:There 15 a great demand for donated organs.
    从第三段第二句“Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ donors.”得出正确 答案是D。
    结合选项,从搭配上看sign后面只能跟a donor card;从文章第四段中“The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors have determined that all possible efforts to save your life have failed.”也能看出答案是C。
    根据最后一段中“When an organ donor becomes available,all the patients in the Pool are compared to the donor.Factors such ao blood and tissue type…are considered.”可知F是正确答案。

  • 第3题:

    共用题干
    Organ Donation and Transplantation

    1 Organ donation(捐献)and transplantation(移植)refers to the process by which organs or tissues
    from one person are put into another person's body.
    2 The number of people needing a transplant continues to rise faster than the number of donors.About
    3,700 transplant candidates are added to the national waiting list each month.Each day,about 77 people
    receive organ transplants.However,18 people die each day waiting for transplants that can't take place
    because of the shortage of donated organs.
    3 There are rio age limits on who can donate.Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ
    donors. If you are under age 18 , you must have a parent's or guardian's consent(同意).If you are 18 years or
    older,you can show you want to be an organ and tissue donor by signing a donor card.
    4 Many people think that if they agree to donate their organs,the doctor or the emergency room staff
    won't work as hard to save their life.This is not true.The transplant team is completely separate from the
    medical staff working to save your life.The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors
    have determined that all possible efforts to save your life have failed.
    5 If you need an organ transplant,your doctor will help you get on the national waiting list.Your name
    will be added to a pool of names.When an organ donor becomes available,all the patients in the pool are
    compared to that donor. Factors such as blood and tissue type, size of the organ, medical urgency(紧急)of
    the patient's illness , time already spent on the waiting list, and distance between donor and recipient(接受
    者)are considered.

    Doctors will try their best to save your life even if you've signed________.
    A:donated organs
    B:the national waiting list
    C:a donor card
    D:senior citizens
    E:all possible efforts
    F:the most suitable candidate

    答案:C
    解析:
    第二段中提到需要器官移植的人增加的速度远远大于器官捐献者增加的速度。每月有 3 700人加人等候者的行列,但每天只有77人接受器官移植;每天有18人在等待中死亡。这些 都是讲目前器官捐献和移植的状况,因此选择F。
    第三段第一句“There are no age limits on who can donate.”就说明此段和捐献者的年龄 有关,因此选E。
    第四段的中心意思是捐献者不必为他们的医疗担心,他们的医疗同样有保障,因此 选D。
    第五段讲确定器官接受者的因素,也就是如何决定捐赠的器官给哪个患者,因此选C。
    从第二段内容可以看出A是正确答案:There 15 a great demand for donated organs.
    从第三段第二句“Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ donors.”得出正确 答案是D。
    结合选项,从搭配上看sign后面只能跟a donor card;从文章第四段中“The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors have determined that all possible efforts to save your life have failed.”也能看出答案是C。
    根据最后一段中“When an organ donor becomes available,all the patients in the Pool are compared to the donor.Factors such ao blood and tissue type…are considered.”可知F是正确答案。

  • 第4题:

    Text4 Death comes to all,but some are more sure of its timing,and can make plans.Kate Granger,a 32-year-old doctor suffering from an incurable form of sarcoma,has"very strong ambitions"for her last hours.She plans to avoid hospital emergency departments and die at her parents'house-music playing,candles glowing,family by her side.Surveys show that over two-thirds of Britons would like to die at home.Like Dr.Granger,they want to be with family and free ofpain.Yet hospital remains the most common place ofdeath.For some this is unavoidable-not every disease has as clear a tuming point as cancer-but for others a lack of planning is to blame.The govemment,motivated by both compassion and thrift,wants to help.To steer patients away from hospitals,general practitioners have been encouraged to find their l%-those patients likely to die in the next year-and start talking about end-of-life care.This can be difficult for doctors."As a profession we view death as failure,"says Dr.Granger.Yet when there is no cure to be had,planning for death can be therapeutic for patients.Those who do plan ahead are much more likely to have their wishes met.A growing number of patients have electronic"palliative-care co-ordination systems",which allow doctors to register personal preferences so that other care providers can follow them.A paramedic called to a patient's home would know of a do-not-resuscitate order,for example.One study showed that such systems increase the number of people dying in their homes.But savings for the government may mean costs for charities and ordinary folk.At the end of life it is not always clear who should pay for what.Although Britons can get ordinary health care without paying out of pocket,social care is means-tested.People must often shell out for carers or care homes-or look after the terminally ill themselves.Disputes crop up over trivial things,like responsibility for the cost ofa patient's bath.A bill now would cap the cost of an individual's social care by Parliament.Still,some want it to be free for those on end-of-life registries.That would cut into the govemment's savings-but allow more people to die as they want.38.The"palliative-care co-ordination systems"may suggest

    A.doctors require patients to receive treatment at home.
    B.patients can get different advice from several doctors.
    C.incurable patients could choose to stay at home.
    D.part ofthe patients are unwilling to waste money in hospital.

    答案:C
    解析:
    事实细节题。根据定位词定位在第二段和第四段。第二段第一句提到“三分之二的英国人都意欲在家面对死亡”。第四段第一句表明“提前计划的人更有机会实现愿望”。随后提到通过这个系统其他疗养提供者可以按医嘱执行。最后一句说到“调查显示,‘缓和护理协调系统’的使用增加了选择在家死亡的人数”,故选C项。【干扰排除】A项,第四段第二句给出的信息是,这个系统使得医生可以把患者的个人偏好输入系统,因而其他疗养提供者可以按这些偏好为患者提供服务。第三句说到那些“护理人员给病人家里打电话,会了解到他们自己不愿再接受治疗的愿望”,所以A项不正确。B项,根据第四段给出的信息,医生在电子“缓和护理协调系统”出现之后更多的是遵照患者自己的意愿而患者不再喜欢接受医生的意见,所以也不正确。D项,根据原文的信息,有了这个电子系统,病人可以提前安排自己死亡前要做的事情并决定以什么样的方式死去,强调的是个人喜好,而非省钱。

  • 第5题:

    共用题干
    Promising Resnlts from Cancer Study
    A new experimental vaccine(疫苗)has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer.In a small Texas-based study,a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas,USA,cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.
    Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study.Forty一three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials.Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty-three in tho advanced stages of the disease.They were injected with the vaccine every two weeks for three months,and were carefully monitored for three years.In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer,the disease disappeared and in the others,it did not spread for five to twenty-four months.However,no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness.
    This new vaccine uses the patient's own immune system.It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg.It stimulates(刺激)the body's immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful,and attacks and destroys them.
    The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer.It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general,although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.

    The vaccine activates the immune system.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案:A
    解析:
    阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出了七个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及,请选择C。
    【解析】
    题干意为“疫苗治愈了所有参与试验的人。”关键词是cured。依据此关键词,可在文中第一段第二句找到相关叙述:“In a small Texas-based study, a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas,USA,cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.”(位于美国达拉斯的贝勒大学医学中心的几位科学家研制出了一种疫苗,这种疫苗在一个基于德克萨斯州的小型研究中治愈了一些肺癌患者,减缓了其他患者的病情发展过程。)由此可见,这种疫苗并没有治愈所有参与实验者,故此题说法为“错误”的。
    题干意为“超过四十人参与了这次研究。”关键词是forty。依据此关键词,可在文中第二段第二句找到相关叙述:“Forty-three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials.”(四十三个肺癌患者参与到这些试验中。)由此可见参与人数确实超过了四十人,故此题说法为“正确”的。
    题干意为“在试验中,处于疾病早期的患者恢复得更快。”关键词是the early stages和recovered。依据此关键词,可在文中第二段最后两句找到相关叙述:“In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer,the disease disappeared and in the others,it did not spread for five to twenty-four months.However,no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness.”(晚期患者中有三名患者的疾病消失,其他患者的病情在5 到24个月内没有扩散。然而,处于疾病早期的患者没有出现任何不同。)可见这种疫苗对晚期患者的效果比较明显,故此题说法为“错误”的。
    题干意为“所有患者都来自达拉斯。”关键词是Dallas。依据此关键词,可在文中第一段第二句找到相关叙述:“In a small Texas-based study, a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas,USA,cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.”(位于美国达拉斯的贝勒大学医学中心的几位科学家研制出了一种疫苗,这种疫苗在一个基于德克萨斯州的小型研究中治愈了一些肺癌患者,减缓了其他患者的病情发展过程。)由此可知,研制疫苗的科学家都来自位于达拉斯的贝勒大学医学中心,而病人是不是都来自达拉斯,这一点文中并没有提到,故此说法为“未提及”的。
    题干意为“每一个病人都被注射同样的疫苗。”关键词是the same vaccine。 依据此关键词,可在文中第三段第一句、第二句找到相关叙述:“This new vaccine uses the patient's own immune system.It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg.”(这种新型疫苗使用了人体自身的免疫系统。每个病人的疫苗都是专门制造,然后被注射到手臂或腿上。)由此可见每个患者的疫苗都是不一样的,故此题说法为“错误”的。
    题干意为“这种疫苗激活了免疫系统。”关键词是activates。依据此关键词, 可在文中第三段第三句找到相关叙述:“It stimulates the body's immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful, and attacks and destroys them.”(疫苗能刺激人体免疫系统,使免疫系统意识到癌细胞是有害的,从而攻击和破坏它们。)由此可见这种疫苗是通过激活免疫系统发挥作用的,故此题说法为“正确”的。
    题干意为“这种疫苗或许可用于治疗其他癌症。”关键词是other cancers。 依据此关键词,可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述:“The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer.”(这种疫苗或许可以有效地对抗其他癌症。)由此可知,它是可以用于治疗其他癌症的,故此题说法为“正确”的。

  • 第6题:

    共用题干
    Double Effect
    The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
    Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
    Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients'pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
    Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."
    George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston Univeisity,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimale medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.if you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."
    On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
    Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician一assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
    Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards"must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."

    George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they______.
    A:manage their patients incompetently
    B:give patients more medicine than needed
    C:reduce drug dosages for their patients
    D:prolong the needless suffering of the patients

    答案:D
    解析:
    文章第一段说:最高法院对于医生协助病人自杀的裁决对如何使用药物来减轻晚期病人的痛苦有着重大的意义。第二段说:尽管宪法没有赋予医生帮助病人自杀的权力,法院实际上支持率医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段说:医生们正是借用这个原则,为大剂量地给晚期( terminally ill)病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由,尽管增加剂量将最终致使病人死亡。由此从第二段可推断出,B项“医生们帮助病人自杀仍是非法的”为正确答案。其他三项均与文意不符。
    文章第二段说:法院实际上支持医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段又说:医疗界正是借用这个原则,为大剂量地给晚期病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由,尽管增加剂量将最终导致病人死亡。由此可知,法庭实际上同意给病人开大剂量的止痛药。这与C项意思相符。其他三项均与文意不符。
    第七段中提到“NAS的报告指出了对临终病人的护理存在着两个问题:一是治疗病痛不力(under-treatment of pain),二是对无效且有强制性的医疗程序的大胆使用(the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures)"。据此可知,B项内容正确。
    aggressive的意思有“咄咄逼人的,好斗的;攻击性的,侵略的;有闯劲的,大胆的”,根据上下文,aggressive在这里应为“大胆的”,所以选A0
    在文章最后一段中,Annas指出:许多医生对病人所受的不必要的痛苦漠不关心,甚至到了“系统地虐待病人”的程度,并指出病人痛苦地死亡如果被认为是医生护理不力的后果,那就应该吊销他们的行医执照。D项“延长病人不必要的痛苦”为正确答案,因为Annas认为吊销医生执照的前提是导致病人痛苦地死亡。

  • 第7题:

    共用题干
    Double Effect
    The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
    Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
    Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients'pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
    Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."
    George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston Univeisity,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimale medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.if you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."
    On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
    Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician一assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
    Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards"must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."

    Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
    A:Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients'death.
    B:Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.
    C:The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication should be prescribed.
    D:A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his intentions.

    答案:C
    解析:
    文章第一段说:最高法院对于医生协助病人自杀的裁决对如何使用药物来减轻晚期病人的痛苦有着重大的意义。第二段说:尽管宪法没有赋予医生帮助病人自杀的权力,法院实际上支持率医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段说:医生们正是借用这个原则,为大剂量地给晚期( terminally ill)病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由,尽管增加剂量将最终致使病人死亡。由此从第二段可推断出,B项“医生们帮助病人自杀仍是非法的”为正确答案。其他三项均与文意不符。
    文章第二段说:法院实际上支持医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段又说:医疗界正是借用这个原则,为大剂量地给晚期病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由,尽管增加剂量将最终导致病人死亡。由此可知,法庭实际上同意给病人开大剂量的止痛药。这与C项意思相符。其他三项均与文意不符。
    第七段中提到“NAS的报告指出了对临终病人的护理存在着两个问题:一是治疗病痛不力(under-treatment of pain),二是对无效且有强制性的医疗程序的大胆使用(the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures)"。据此可知,B项内容正确。
    aggressive的意思有“咄咄逼人的,好斗的;攻击性的,侵略的;有闯劲的,大胆的”,根据上下文,aggressive在这里应为“大胆的”,所以选A0
    在文章最后一段中,Annas指出:许多医生对病人所受的不必要的痛苦漠不关心,甚至到了“系统地虐待病人”的程度,并指出病人痛苦地死亡如果被认为是医生护理不力的后果,那就应该吊销他们的行医执照。D项“延长病人不必要的痛苦”为正确答案,因为Annas认为吊销医生执照的前提是导致病人痛苦地死亡。

  • 第8题:

    Text l How,when and where death happens has changed over the past century.As late as 1990 half of deaths worldwide were caused by chronic diseases;in 2015 the share was two-thirds.Most deaths in rich countries follow years of uneven deterioration.Roughly two-thirds happen in a hospital or nursing home.They often come after a ctimax of desperate treatment.Such passionate intervention can be agonising for all concerned.These medicalised deaths do not seem to be what people want.Polls find that most people in good health hope that,when the time comes,they will die at home.They want to die free from pain,at peace,and surrounded by loved ones for whom they are not a burden.But some deaths are unavoidably miserable.Not everyone will be in a condition to toast death's imminence with champagne,as Anton Chekhov did.What people say they will want while they are well may change as the end nears.Dying at home is less appealing if all the medical kit is at the hospital.A treatment that is unbearable in the imagination can seem like the lesser of two evils when the alternative is death.Some patients will want to fight until all hope is lost.But too often patients receive drastic treatment in spite of their dying wishes~by default,when doctors do"everything possible",as they have been trained to,without talking through people's preferences or ensuring that the prediction is clearly understood.The legalisation of doctor-assisted dying has been called for,so that mentally fit,terminally ill patients can be helped to end their lives if that is their wish.But the right to die is just one part of better care at the end of life.The evidence suggests that most people want this option,but that few would,in the end,choose to exercise it.To give people the death they say they want,medicine should take some simple steps.More palliative care is needed.Providing it earlier in the course of advanced cancer alongside the usual treatments turns out not only to reduce suffering,but to prolong life,too.Most doctors enter medicine to help people delay death,not to talk about its inevitability.But talk they must.Medicare,America's public health scheme for the over-65s,has recently started paying doctors for in-depth conversations with terminally ill patients;other national health-care systems,and insurers,should follow.Cost is not an obstacle,since informed,engaged patients will be less likely to want pointless procedures.Fewer doctors may be sued,as poor communication is a common theme in malpractice claims.
    We can learn from Paragraph 3 that____

    A.dying patients suffer undertreatment
    B.doctor-paiient communication is poor
    C.doctor-assisted dying has been legalized
    D.the right to die is better cure for dying patients

    答案:B
    解析:
    [信息锁定]第三段首句明确指出:通常情况下,医生并不与病人充分探对其选掸意愿、也并不确保病人得知预断情况,仅仅出于职业训练,就对病人施展“尽一切可能的”高强度治疗。言外之意为:医患之间的沟通极度缺乏。B.正确。[解题技巧]A.很明显与首句“病人接受过度治疗”相悖.C.将②句“医助自杀被呼吁立法”曲解为“已立法”.D.将③句“死亡权利是更好的临终关怀(care)”偷换为“是更好的治疗方法(cure)”。

  • 第9题:

    单选题
    According to the passage, social phobia.
    A

    cause patients to fear the general public

    B

    lead patients to be afraid of society

    C

    are classified to one of the three broad categories

    D

    can result in paralyzing effect to patients


    正确答案: A
    解析:
    细节题。第三段前两行提到“Most psychologists now assign phobias to one of three broad categories”,可指目前大多数心理学家将恐惧症划分为三大类,接下来该段分别对social phobias,panic disorders和specific phobias这三类进行了介绍。因此social phobias(社交恐惧症)属于恐惧症三大类之一。故选C。

  • 第10题:

    单选题
    What is the factor mentioned in the third paragraph that helps the hospital patients recover more quickly?
    A

    Nature.

    B

    Better treatment.

    C

    Experienced doctors.

    D

    Good medicine.


    正确答案: D
    解析:

  • 第11题:

    单选题
    Doctors give less importance to the communication between patients and doctors mainly because ______.
    A

    modem medical instruments are used

    B

    they can cure more diseases and save more lives

    C

    they have much more medical experience than before

    D

    they are too busy to have time to talk with patients


    正确答案: A
    解析:
    推理判断题。由the communication between patients and doctors定位到文章第二段分别介绍了这种医疗仪器的正面和负面影响,题干部分属于负面影响。

  • 第12题:

    单选题
    Bypass surgery has been shown to be effective at helping extremely obese people lose weight. Some patients have lost as much as 300 pounds after undergoing the surgery, thereby substantially prolonging their lives. Despite the success of the treatment, most doctors have not embraced the surgery as a weight loss option.  Which of the following statements, if true, best accounts for the lukewarm reaction of the medical community to gastric bypass surgery?
    A

    Gastric bypass surgery carries a high risk of serious complications, including death.

    B

    Obesity is one of the leading contributors to heart disease and hypertension, two leading causes of death.

    C

    Obesity rates among the American population have been increasing consistently for the last three decades.

    D

    Many patients report that losing weight through diets is ineffective, since they usually gain the weight back within six months.

    E

    Most health insurance plans will cover the cost of gastric bypass surgery for morbidly obese patients at high risk of heart disease.


    正确答案: A
    解析:
    A项为医生们反对胃部搭桥手术提供了依据,故本题选A项。

  • 第13题:

    共用题干
    Organ Donation and Transplantation

    1 Organ donation(捐献)and transplantation(移植)refers to the process by which organs or tissues
    from one person are put into another person's body.
    2 The number of people needing a transplant continues to rise faster than the number of donors.About
    3,700 transplant candidates are added to the national waiting list each month.Each day,about 77 people
    receive organ transplants.However,18 people die each day waiting for transplants that can't take place
    because of the shortage of donated organs.
    3 There are rio age limits on who can donate.Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ
    donors. If you are under age 18 , you must have a parent's or guardian's consent(同意).If you are 18 years or
    older,you can show you want to be an organ and tissue donor by signing a donor card.
    4 Many people think that if they agree to donate their organs,the doctor or the emergency room staff
    won't work as hard to save their life.This is not true.The transplant team is completely separate from the
    medical staff working to save your life.The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors
    have determined that all possible efforts to save your life have failed.
    5 If you need an organ transplant,your doctor will help you get on the national waiting list.Your name
    will be added to a pool of names.When an organ donor becomes available,all the patients in the pool are
    compared to that donor. Factors such as blood and tissue type, size of the organ, medical urgency(紧急)of
    the patient's illness , time already spent on the waiting list, and distance between donor and recipient(接受
    者)are considered.

    Organ donors range in age from newborns to________.
    A:donated organs
    B:the national waiting list
    C:a donor card
    D:senior citizens
    E:all possible efforts
    F:the most suitable candidate

    答案:D
    解析:
    第二段中提到需要器官移植的人增加的速度远远大于器官捐献者增加的速度。每月有 3 700人加人等候者的行列,但每天只有77人接受器官移植;每天有18人在等待中死亡。这些 都是讲目前器官捐献和移植的状况,因此选择F。
    第三段第一句“There are no age limits on who can donate.”就说明此段和捐献者的年龄 有关,因此选E。
    第四段的中心意思是捐献者不必为他们的医疗担心,他们的医疗同样有保障,因此 选D。
    第五段讲确定器官接受者的因素,也就是如何决定捐赠的器官给哪个患者,因此选C。
    从第二段内容可以看出A是正确答案:There 15 a great demand for donated organs.
    从第三段第二句“Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ donors.”得出正确 答案是D。
    结合选项,从搭配上看sign后面只能跟a donor card;从文章第四段中“The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors have determined that all possible efforts to save your life have failed.”也能看出答案是C。
    根据最后一段中“When an organ donor becomes available,all the patients in the Pool are compared to the donor.Factors such ao blood and tissue type…are considered.”可知F是正确答案。

  • 第14题:

    共用题干
    Organ Donation and Transplantation

    1 Organ donation(捐献)and transplantation(移植)refers to the process by which organs or tissues
    from one person are put into another person's body.
    2 The number of people needing a transplant continues to rise faster than the number of donors.About
    3,700 transplant candidates are added to the national waiting list each month.Each day,about 77 people
    receive organ transplants.However,18 people die each day waiting for transplants that can't take place
    because of the shortage of donated organs.
    3 There are rio age limits on who can donate.Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ
    donors. If you are under age 18 , you must have a parent's or guardian's consent(同意).If you are 18 years or
    older,you can show you want to be an organ and tissue donor by signing a donor card.
    4 Many people think that if they agree to donate their organs,the doctor or the emergency room staff
    won't work as hard to save their life.This is not true.The transplant team is completely separate from the
    medical staff working to save your life.The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors
    have determined that all possible efforts to save your life have failed.
    5 If you need an organ transplant,your doctor will help you get on the national waiting list.Your name
    will be added to a pool of names.When an organ donor becomes available,all the patients in the pool are
    compared to that donor. Factors such as blood and tissue type, size of the organ, medical urgency(紧急)of
    the patient's illness , time already spent on the waiting list, and distance between donor and recipient(接受
    者)are considered.

    Various factors are considered when deciding on_________.
    A:donated organs
    B:the national waiting list
    C:a donor card
    D:senior citizens
    E:all possible efforts
    F:the most suitable candidate

    答案:F
    解析:
    第二段中提到需要器官移植的人增加的速度远远大于器官捐献者增加的速度。每月有 3 700人加人等候者的行列,但每天只有77人接受器官移植;每天有18人在等待中死亡。这些 都是讲目前器官捐献和移植的状况,因此选择F。
    第三段第一句“There are no age limits on who can donate.”就说明此段和捐献者的年龄 有关,因此选E。
    第四段的中心意思是捐献者不必为他们的医疗担心,他们的医疗同样有保障,因此 选D。
    第五段讲确定器官接受者的因素,也就是如何决定捐赠的器官给哪个患者,因此选C。
    从第二段内容可以看出A是正确答案:There 15 a great demand for donated organs.
    从第三段第二句“Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ donors.”得出正确 答案是D。
    结合选项,从搭配上看sign后面只能跟a donor card;从文章第四段中“The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors have determined that all possible efforts to save your life have failed.”也能看出答案是C。
    根据最后一段中“When an organ donor becomes available,all the patients in the Pool are compared to the donor.Factors such ao blood and tissue type…are considered.”可知F是正确答案。

  • 第15题:

    Text4 Death comes to all,but some are more sure of its timing,and can make plans.Kate Granger,a 32-year-old doctor suffering from an incurable form of sarcoma,has"very strong ambitions"for her last hours.She plans to avoid hospital emergency departments and die at her parents'house-music playing,candles glowing,family by her side.Surveys show that over two-thirds of Britons would like to die at home.Like Dr.Granger,they want to be with family and free ofpain.Yet hospital remains the most common place ofdeath.For some this is unavoidable-not every disease has as clear a tuming point as cancer-but for others a lack of planning is to blame.The govemment,motivated by both compassion and thrift,wants to help.To steer patients away from hospitals,general practitioners have been encouraged to find their l%-those patients likely to die in the next year-and start talking about end-of-life care.This can be difficult for doctors."As a profession we view death as failure,"says Dr.Granger.Yet when there is no cure to be had,planning for death can be therapeutic for patients.Those who do plan ahead are much more likely to have their wishes met.A growing number of patients have electronic"palliative-care co-ordination systems",which allow doctors to register personal preferences so that other care providers can follow them.A paramedic called to a patient's home would know of a do-not-resuscitate order,for example.One study showed that such systems increase the number of people dying in their homes.But savings for the government may mean costs for charities and ordinary folk.At the end of life it is not always clear who should pay for what.Although Britons can get ordinary health care without paying out of pocket,social care is means-tested.People must often shell out for carers or care homes-or look after the terminally ill themselves.Disputes crop up over trivial things,like responsibility for the cost ofa patient's bath.A bill now would cap the cost of an individual's social care by Parliament.Still,some want it to be free for those on end-of-life registries.That would cut into the govemment's savings-but allow more people to die as they want.37.Which of the following would Dr.Granger most probably agree on?

    A.A planned death is equal to suicide.
    B.Death is a failure for doctors.
    C.Planning for death is beneficial for patients.
    D.End-of-Iife care is a fundamental rask for doctors.

    答案:B
    解析:
    推理判断题。第三段第二句给出信息说“格兰杰说:‘作为医生,我们将死亡看作失败”’。故选B项。【干扰排除】A项,第三段最后一句说到,“即使没有什么治疗方法,为死亡做好充分的计划对患者来说也是有益的”,故排除A项。C项,第三段最后一句有提到相关内容,但它不是格兰杰直接提出的观点,故排除;D项,第三段第一句说到“为引导病人出院,普通医生被劝服找到那些1%的可能会在下一年离世的病人,并且开始与他们谈论临终护理”,并不是说临终关怀就是他们的基本任务,故排除D项。

  • 第16题:

    共用题干
    Promising Resnlts from Cancer Study
    A new experimental vaccine(疫苗)has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer.In a small Texas-based study,a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas,USA,cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.
    Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study.Forty一three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials.Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty-three in tho advanced stages of the disease.They were injected with the vaccine every two weeks for three months,and were carefully monitored for three years.In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer,the disease disappeared and in the others,it did not spread for five to twenty-four months.However,no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness.
    This new vaccine uses the patient's own immune system.It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg.It stimulates(刺激)the body's immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful,and attacks and destroys them.
    The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer.It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general,although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.

    All the patients were from Dallas.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案:C
    解析:
    阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出了七个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及,请选择C。
    【解析】
    题干意为“疫苗治愈了所有参与试验的人。”关键词是cured。依据此关键词,可在文中第一段第二句找到相关叙述:“In a small Texas-based study, a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas,USA,cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.”(位于美国达拉斯的贝勒大学医学中心的几位科学家研制出了一种疫苗,这种疫苗在一个基于德克萨斯州的小型研究中治愈了一些肺癌患者,减缓了其他患者的病情发展过程。)由此可见,这种疫苗并没有治愈所有参与实验者,故此题说法为“错误”的。
    题干意为“超过四十人参与了这次研究。”关键词是forty。依据此关键词,可在文中第二段第二句找到相关叙述:“Forty-three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials.”(四十三个肺癌患者参与到这些试验中。)由此可见参与人数确实超过了四十人,故此题说法为“正确”的。
    题干意为“在试验中,处于疾病早期的患者恢复得更快。”关键词是the early stages和recovered。依据此关键词,可在文中第二段最后两句找到相关叙述:“In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer,the disease disappeared and in the others,it did not spread for five to twenty-four months.However,no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness.”(晚期患者中有三名患者的疾病消失,其他患者的病情在5 到24个月内没有扩散。然而,处于疾病早期的患者没有出现任何不同。)可见这种疫苗对晚期患者的效果比较明显,故此题说法为“错误”的。
    题干意为“所有患者都来自达拉斯。”关键词是Dallas。依据此关键词,可在文中第一段第二句找到相关叙述:“In a small Texas-based study, a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas,USA,cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.”(位于美国达拉斯的贝勒大学医学中心的几位科学家研制出了一种疫苗,这种疫苗在一个基于德克萨斯州的小型研究中治愈了一些肺癌患者,减缓了其他患者的病情发展过程。)由此可知,研制疫苗的科学家都来自位于达拉斯的贝勒大学医学中心,而病人是不是都来自达拉斯,这一点文中并没有提到,故此说法为“未提及”的。
    题干意为“每一个病人都被注射同样的疫苗。”关键词是the same vaccine。 依据此关键词,可在文中第三段第一句、第二句找到相关叙述:“This new vaccine uses the patient's own immune system.It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg.”(这种新型疫苗使用了人体自身的免疫系统。每个病人的疫苗都是专门制造,然后被注射到手臂或腿上。)由此可见每个患者的疫苗都是不一样的,故此题说法为“错误”的。
    题干意为“这种疫苗激活了免疫系统。”关键词是activates。依据此关键词, 可在文中第三段第三句找到相关叙述:“It stimulates the body's immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful, and attacks and destroys them.”(疫苗能刺激人体免疫系统,使免疫系统意识到癌细胞是有害的,从而攻击和破坏它们。)由此可见这种疫苗是通过激活免疫系统发挥作用的,故此题说法为“正确”的。
    题干意为“这种疫苗或许可用于治疗其他癌症。”关键词是other cancers。 依据此关键词,可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述:“The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer.”(这种疫苗或许可以有效地对抗其他癌症。)由此可知,它是可以用于治疗其他癌症的,故此题说法为“正确”的。

  • 第17题:

    共用题干
    Double Effect
    The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
    Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
    Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients'pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
    Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."
    George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston Univeisity,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimale medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.if you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."
    On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
    Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician一assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
    Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards"must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."

    From the first three paragraphs,we learn that______.
    A:doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients'pain
    B:it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives
    C:the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide
    D:patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide

    答案:B
    解析:
    文章第一段说:最高法院对于医生协助病人自杀的裁决对如何使用药物来减轻晚期病人的痛苦有着重大的意义。第二段说:尽管宪法没有赋予医生帮助病人自杀的权力,法院实际上支持率医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段说:医生们正是借用这个原则,为大剂量地给晚期( terminally ill)病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由,尽管增加剂量将最终致使病人死亡。由此从第二段可推断出,B项“医生们帮助病人自杀仍是非法的”为正确答案。其他三项均与文意不符。
    文章第二段说:法院实际上支持医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段又说:医疗界正是借用这个原则,为大剂量地给晚期病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由,尽管增加剂量将最终导致病人死亡。由此可知,法庭实际上同意给病人开大剂量的止痛药。这与C项意思相符。其他三项均与文意不符。
    第七段中提到“NAS的报告指出了对临终病人的护理存在着两个问题:一是治疗病痛不力(under-treatment of pain),二是对无效且有强制性的医疗程序的大胆使用(the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures)"。据此可知,B项内容正确。
    aggressive的意思有“咄咄逼人的,好斗的;攻击性的,侵略的;有闯劲的,大胆的”,根据上下文,aggressive在这里应为“大胆的”,所以选A0
    在文章最后一段中,Annas指出:许多医生对病人所受的不必要的痛苦漠不关心,甚至到了“系统地虐待病人”的程度,并指出病人痛苦地死亡如果被认为是医生护理不力的后果,那就应该吊销他们的行医执照。D项“延长病人不必要的痛苦”为正确答案,因为Annas认为吊销医生执照的前提是导致病人痛苦地死亡。

  • 第18题:

    共用题干
    第二篇

    Double Effect

    The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medi-
    cine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
    Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect
    supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action
    having two effects一a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen一is permissible if the actor
    intends only the good effect.
    Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control termi-
    nally ill patients' pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
    Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors
    who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to con-
    trol their pain if that might hasten death."
    George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that,as long as a
    doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the pa-
    tient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides be-
    cause the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.If you're a physician,
    you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."
    On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has
    been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of
    dying.
    Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide,the National Academy of
    Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.It
    identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures
    that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The
    profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain
    management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new
    standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
    Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate
    into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly
    and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse."He says medical li-
    censing boards"must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently man-
    aged and should result in license suspension."

    George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they________.
    A:manage their patients incompetently
    B:give patients more medicine than needed
    C:reduce drug dosages for their patients
    D:prolong the needless suffering of the patients

    答案:D
    解析:
    文章第一段说:最高法院对于医生协助病人自杀的裁决对如何使用药物来减轻病人的 痛苦有着重大的意义。第二段说:尽管宪法没有赋予医生去帮助病人自杀的权力,法院实际支 持率医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段说:医生们正是借用这个原则,为大剂量地给晚期(termi- nally ill)病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由,尽管增加剂量将最终致使病人于死亡。由此从第二段 可推断出,B项:医生们帮助病人自杀仍是非法的,为正确答案。A项:医生过去常用增加剂量 的方法来控制病人的痛苦,与第三段内容不符。C项:最高法院强烈反对医生帮助病人自杀, 和D项:宪法没有赋予病人自杀的权力,都与文章内容不符。故选B。
    文章第二段第一句说:法庭实际上认可了医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段又说,医疗界 正是借用这个原则,为大剂量地给晚期病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由,尽管增加剂量将最终致 使病人于死地。由此可知,法庭实际上同意给病人开大剂量的止痛药。这与C项意思相符。 A项:如果医生冒使病人致死的危险,将被认定有罪,与文章内容不符。B项:现代医学已经帮 助晚期病人无痛康复,文中未提。D项:医生用药再也不会因为他的用药意图而被认为合理正 当了,与文章内容不符。故选C。
    由第七段中提到的“NAS的报告指出了医生临终护理存在着两个问题:一是治痛不力 (under-treatment of pain),二是对无效且有强制性的医疗程序的大胆使用(the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures)",可知B项:对病痛治疗不力正确。
    aggressive的意思有“咄咄逼人的,好斗的;攻击性的,侵略的;有闯劲的,大胆的”,根据 上下文,aggressive在这里应为“大胆的”,所以选A。
    在文章最后一段中,Annas指出:许多医生对病人所受的不必要的痛苦漠不关心,甚至 到了“系统地虐待病人”的程度,并指出病人痛苦地死亡如果被认为是医生护理不力的后果, 那就应吊销他们的行医执照。D项:延长病人不必要的痛苦为正确答案,因为Annas认为吊销 医生执照的前提是病人痛苦地死亡。.

  • 第19题:

    共用题干
    第一篇

    Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Stroke

    Australian doctors declared Monday that a cocktail of simple antihypertensive drugs can lower the risk of
    patients suffering a repeat stroke by more than a third.This is the result of their research.The research,
    presented at a medical conference in Italy over the weekend,has been valued highly as a major breakthrough
    in stroke prevention.
    Strokes kill 5 million people a year,and more than 15 million suffer non-fatal strokes that often leave
    them with useless limbs,slurred speech and other serious disabilities.One in five stroke survivors goes on to
    have a second,often fatal,stroke within five years of the first.
    An international six-year study of 6,100 patients directed from Sydney University found that by taking
    two blood pressure-lowering drugs,the risk of secondary strokes can be reduced by up to 40 percent.Even
    taking one of the commonly available drugs can cut the risk by a third,the study said.The drugs are the diu-
    retic indapamide( 吲达帕胺)and the ACE inhibitor perindopril , better known by its brand name Coversyl.
    The combination was effective even in patients who did not have high blood pressure,the researchers said.
    They even found that the risk of another stroke could be cut by three quarters among the one-in-ten patients
    who had suffered a cerebral hemorrhage(出血), the worst type of stroke , where there is direct bleeding into
    the brain.
    Stephen McMahon,who presented the research at the Milan congress of the European Society of
    Hypertension,said about 50 million people were alive who had suffered at least one stroke."If most of those
    patients were able to get access to this treatment,it would result in maybe the avoidance of haff a million
    strokes a year,"the professor told Australia's ABC Radio.
    McMahon said doctors had long known that lowering the blood pressure of those with hypertension could
    help prevent strokes."What we have shown for the first time is that it does not really matter what your blood
    pressure is;if you have had a stroke,then lowering blood pressure will produce large benefits,to begin
    with一even for people whose blood pressure is average or below average,"he said.
    McMahon said the Milan gathering had heralded the research as a"major breakthrough in the care of
    patients with strokes一perhaps the biggest step forward that we have made in the last couple of decades."

    Taking two blood pressure-lowering drugs may produce________less risk of secondary stroke than taking only one such drug.
    A:three quarters
    B:nearly four tenths
    C:one fifth
    D:about one fourteenth

    答案:D
    解析:
    由文章第二段第二句“One in five stroke survivors goes on to have a second, often fatal, stroke within five years of the first.”可知,中风以后存活的病人,5人中有1人在第一次中风后5 年内会再次中风,而且常常是致命的,故C为正确答案。
    由文章第三段的内容可知,服用两种降压药继发中风的危险性可减少40%;单服一种 药,其危险性降低1/3,即约33%。可见服用两种药比服一种药可减少大约7%,即大约1/14 的危险性。
    第二段第一句说非致命的中风常造成病人四肢残废、语言障碍以及其他严重残疾。B、 C、D三项符合题意(D项的面部麻痹自然属于严重残疾之一),而A项“习惯性失眠”,则不应属 于中风的后遗症,故A是正确答案。
    由文章第四段第二句“'If most of those patients were able to get access to this treatment , it would result in maybe the avoidance of half a million strokes a year,’"可知,如果大多数病人有机 会进行这样治疗的话,每年就可以避免50万次中风的发生,故B为正确答案。
    由文章倒数第二段的内容可知,血压高低并不重要,只要你得了中风,降低血压就有很 大益处,即使血压正常或低于正常值也是如此,故D为正确答案。

  • 第20题:

    单选题
    For years, doctors _____ millions of patients’ lives with the help of microscopes:
    A

    have saved

    B

    are saving

    C

    will save

    D

    were saving


    正确答案: A
    解析:
    句意:多年以来,医生们已经借助于显微镜挽救了数百万人的生命。状语是“多年来”,指从过去某一时刻开始起一直持续到现在,是典型的用来指导完成时的标志。A项是过去完成时,其他都不是。B项是现在进行时,表示正在进行的动作,不符合。C项是将来时。D项是过去进行时,表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,这三项都不符合。

  • 第21题:

    单选题
    George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they ______.
    A

    manage their patients incompetently

    B

    give patients more medicine than needed

    C

    reduce drug dosages for their patients

    D

    prolong the needless suffering of the patients


    正确答案: D
    解析:
    细节题。George Annas在最后一段第二句提到:“Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering, to the extent that it constitutes ‘systematic patient abuse’”,很多医生似乎对可以预见到的、病人不必遭受的痛苦漠不关心,以至于构成“蓄意虐待病人”。最后一句还提到,行医执照的颁发机构必须明确一点,让病人痛苦地死去可能是失职行为导致的,应当吊销其行医执照。由此可见,延长病人不必要的痛苦,医生会受到惩罚。

  • 第22题:

    单选题
    When treating patients with psychological problems, some doctors feel that they _____.
    A

    are at a loss for treatment

    B

    have no right to use drugs

    C

    have to cure their patients by any means

    D

    should use drugs to treat the symptoms


    正确答案: A
    解析:
    第二段第三句作者提到另一方面,一些心理科医生却认为在许多情况下,如慢性抑郁症,在病人处于抑郁状态的时候,也不可能解决疾病的根源的问题。言外之意就是只能用药物来控制症状。

  • 第23题:

    单选题
    Dr. Bruce Charlton would probably prefer to see a more formal relationship _____.
    A

    among doctors

    B

    among managers

    C

    between doctors and managers

    D

    between doctors and patients


    正确答案: A
    解析:
    推断题根据文章倒数第二段可知,Dr. Bruce是希望医生与病人之间、银行经理与客户之间的关系不要过于随意,否则工作关系中应有的距离感和尊重感就会被破坏,故答案为D项。A、B、C三项都无法体现职业与客户之间的关系,皆可排除。