The underlined word "hibernation" in paragraph 2 means ______.A. a sleep to avoid eatingB. a temperature in a cold weatherC. a sleep in the cold seasonD. an animal to practice sleep in winter

题目

The underlined word "hibernation" in paragraph 2 means ______.

A. a sleep to avoid eating

B. a temperature in a cold weather

C. a sleep in the cold season

D. an animal to practice sleep in winter

相似考题

1.Passage OneAnimals have different ways of protecting themselves against wintertime weather. Some animals grow heavy coats of fur or feathers, while others dig into the ground to find a warm wintertime home.Some animals spend the winter in a deep sleep because by going to sleep they avoid the time of the year when food is scarce and the temperatures are low. Their sleep is known as hibernation.There is much about hibernation that puzzles scientists. For example, they are wondering how hibernation came into being. Some scientists have explored the possibility that animals release a chemical that starts them hibernating.One thing that scientists are certain about is that animals hibernate only when it is cold. Hibernation is a seasonal practice.Some animals that fall into a wintertime sleep are not true hibernators because they spend only a part of the cold season asleep. Bears, for example, can easily be awakened from their winter nap. They are not true hibernators.Sometimes it is difficult to determine whether a particular animal is a true hibernator. For example, some mice hibernate, but others do not. The same is true of bats. Some of them hibernate. Others do not.36. Hibernation is a seasonal practice. This means it ______.A. takes place only during a particular seasonB. occurs only during the nightC. is a daily practiceD. only happens when a species becomes over-populated

2.EHave you winterized your horse yet? Even though global warming may have made our climate more mild, many animals are still hibernating(冬眠) .It’s too bad that humans can’t hibernate. In fact, as a species, we almost did.Apparently, at times in the past , peasants in France liked a semi-state of human hibernation . So writes Graham Robb, a British scholar who has studied the sleeping habits of the French peasants. As soon as the weather turned cold people all over France shut themselves away and practiced the forgotten art of doing nothing at all for months on end.In line with this, Jeff Warren, a producer at CBC Radio’s The Current, tells us that the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention of artificial(人造的) lighting and the electric bulb.When historians began studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed something referred to as “first sleep”, which was not clarified, though. Now scientists are telling us our ancestors most likely slept in separate periods. The business of eight hours’ uninterrupted sleep is a modern invention.In the past , without the artificial light of the city to bathe in, humans went to sleep when it became dark and then woke themselves around midnight. The late night period was known as ”The Watch” It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals ,although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbours .According to some sleep researchers, a short period of insomnia(失眠) at midnight is not a disorder .It is normal . Humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning .This period can be an extraordinarily creative time for some people .The impressive inventor, Thomas Edison , used this state to hit upon many of his new ideas.Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous ,as anxiety may set in. Medical science doesn’t help much in this case. It offers us medicines for a full night’s continuous sleep, which sounds natural ; however, according to Warren’s theory，it is really the opposite of what we need.67.The example of the French peasants shows the fact that________.A. people might become lazy as a result of too much sleepB. there were signs of hibernation in human sleeping habitsC.people tended to sleep more peacefully in cold weatherD. winter was a season for people to sleep for months on end

3.What does the author advise people to do ?A. Sleep in the way animals do.B.Consult a doctor if they can’t sleep.C.Follow their natural sleep rhythm.D.Keep to the eight-hour sleep pattern.

4.Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that ( ).A. sleep is a withdrawal from the realityB. sleep interferes with their sound judgmentC. sleep is the least expensive item on their routine programD. sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles

参考答案和解析
正确答案：C
更多“The underlined word "hibernation" in paragraph 2 means ______.A. a sleep to avoid eatingB. a temperature in a cold weatherC. a sleep in the cold seasonD. an animal to practice sleep in winter”相关问题

  • 第1题：

    The underlined word“inform”in Paragraph 2 probably means“ ”.

    A．affect

    B．change

    C．disturb

    D．reject


    正确答案：A

  • 第2题：

    Text 2 Obesity used to be regarded as a disease of afiluent societies.In a sense,of course,this is true:you cannot be obese if you cannot afford enough calories.But we now understand that the story is more complex,and that children from low-income groups are more likely to be obese than those from the highest-income groups.Our understanding of sleep deprivation has yet to see a similar evolution.Almost half the British population say they get six hours'sleep a night or less,compared with around a twelfth in 1942.Experts blame developments such as electriiication and the proliferation of entertainment,one neuroscientist went so far as to warn of a"catastrophic sleep-loss epidemic"recently.We need sleep for mental and physical recovery;for cognitive control,memory and leaming.Sleep loss is associated with everything from obesity and Alzheimer's disease to diabetes and poor mental health.Sleep evangelists（布i道者）such as Arianna Huffington portray a world of busy professionals sending emails into the early hours,teenagers watching televisions in their bedrooms and parents shopping online when they should be winding down.The solutions are obvious,even if we struggle to find the discipline to implement them:turn offyour phone and for goodness sake go to bed..The truth is that poorer people sleep worse.You cannot buy sleep itself,but you must pay for the circumstances likely to induce it.Overcrowded,noisy,cold or unsafe housing makes sleep harder.So does shift work-especially ifit is casualised and unpredictable.Poor nutrition and stress also take their toll.We worried about reaching for our smartphone at night,while those making the devices sleep on hard beds in shared dormitories with coworkers clattering to and fro,as Benjamin Reiss observes in his book Wild Nights."Social inequities are reproduced and even multiplied in sleep,"he writes;children in bad housing will struggle to concentrate in class after a poor night's sleep.The gap is racial too.Lauren Hale,an expert on social patrerns of sleep,notes that fewer black people get the recommended amount of sleep than any other ethnic group in the U.S.,and less of it is the most restorative kind.Racism may itself affect sleep,perhaps because of the stress it causes;African Americans who report discrimination are more likely to say they sleep poorly than those who do not.Sleep is a social justice issue,requiring social solutions.Telling people to cut down on coffee is easy;improving labour laws is harder.But when people's sleep problems reflect their lack of control over their lives,telling them they should change how they live is profoundly unhelpful.26.We can infer from Paragraph I that obesity

    A.is a common social problem.
    B.is often found among the rich.
    C.is not that simple as we thought.
    D.is caused by over-taking of calories.

    答案：C
    解析：
    事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段，C项中的not that simple为more complex的同义替换，文中说如今我们知道实际情况比这复杂得多，也就是情况不是那么简单，故C项为正确答案。【干扰排除】A项第一段未提及；原文提到“肥胖过去被认为是富裕人群的疾病”，还提到“低收人群体的孩子比高收人群体的孩子更容易发胖”，B项与事实相反；原文是说，如果你没有摄入足够的卡路里的话，你不可能会变胖，D项属于推理过度。故均排除。

  • 第3题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    How Animals Keep Warm

    Man has invented ways to keep warm,but how do animals defend themselves?They
    cannot reason in the sense that man can,but nature has taken care of the animal kingdom
    by providing animals with special instincts（本能）.One of these instincts is known as
    hibernation（冬眠）.
    " Sleeping like a dormouse（棒睡鼠）"is not only a common saying but is a reality.
    When winter comes,the dormouse and other hibernating animals have reached a well-
    nourished state.They eat very well in warmer days laying down fat in the tissues of their
    bodies and during hibernation this keeps them alive.Safe in their nests,or burrows（地
    洞）,they sleep soundly until the warmth of spring arrives.
    Bats,tortoises,snakes,frogs,even insects like butterflies,hibernate more or less
    completely. Some, like the squirrels（松鼠）,sleep during coldest weather but are roused
    （弄醒）by a warm spell（暖流）.During hibernation, the temperature of an animal's body
    drops drastically.Breathing and heart-beats almost cease.
    Another instinctive method of avoiding intense cold is to escape by means of migration.
    Wild swans,seagulls,swallows and cuckoos are a few of the very many kinds of birds
    which fly thousands of miles,twice a year,to avoid cold.Many animals,especially those
    of the Arctic regions,have summer and winter quarters.The Arctic deer of North America,
    as well as the reindeer（驯鹿）of Europe,move southward towards the forests when winter
    approaches.They return to the northern area when the warmth of spring begins to be
    sensed.
    There are animals which do not attempt to leave at the first sign of winter cold.Their
    instinctive means of defense is to dig out a deep burrow,made it soft and warm by padding
    （填塞）out with straw,leaves,moss and fur. In it they have a"secret place"containing
    food which they hope will last the winter through!Animals which fall into this class include
    the Arctic fox,the rabbit and the little field-mouse.

    "Sleeping like a dormouse"most probably means
    A:sleeping longer on cold days.
    B:sleeping badly.
    C:sleeping with a lower heartbeat rate.
    D:sleeping with little breathing,

    答案：A
    解析：

  • 第4题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    How Animals Keep Warm

    Man has invented ways to keep warm,but how do animals defend themselves?They
    cannot reason in the sense that man can,but nature has taken care of the animal kingdom
    by providing animals with special instincts（本能）.One of these instincts is known as
    hibernation（冬眠）.
    " Sleeping like a dormouse（棒睡鼠）"is not only a common saying but is a reality.
    When winter comes,the dormouse and other hibernating animals have reached a well-
    nourished state.They eat very well in warmer days laying down fat in the tissues of their
    bodies and during hibernation this keeps them alive.Safe in their nests,or burrows（地
    洞）,they sleep soundly until the warmth of spring arrives.
    Bats,tortoises,snakes,frogs,even insects like butterflies,hibernate more or less
    completely. Some, like the squirrels（松鼠）,sleep during coldest weather but are roused
    （弄醒）by a warm spell（暖流）.During hibernation, the temperature of an animal's body
    drops drastically.Breathing and heart-beats almost cease.
    Another instinctive method of avoiding intense cold is to escape by means of migration.
    Wild swans,seagulls,swallows and cuckoos are a few of the very many kinds of birds
    which fly thousands of miles,twice a year,to avoid cold.Many animals,especially those
    of the Arctic regions,have summer and winter quarters.The Arctic deer of North America,
    as well as the reindeer（驯鹿）of Europe,move southward towards the forests when winter
    approaches.They return to the northern area when the warmth of spring begins to be
    sensed.
    There are animals which do not attempt to leave at the first sign of winter cold.Their
    instinctive means of defense is to dig out a deep burrow,made it soft and warm by padding
    （填塞）out with straw,leaves,moss and fur. In it they have a"secret place"containing
    food which they hope will last the winter through!Animals which fall into this class include
    the Arctic fox,the rabbit and the little field-mouse.

    During hibernation,animals breathe
    A:normally.
    B:at a slower rate.
    C:at a faster rate.
    D:irregularly.

    答案：B
    解析：

  • 第5题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    How Animals Keep Warm

    Man has invented ways to keep warm,but how do animals defend themselves?They
    cannot reason in the sense that man can,but nature has taken care of the animal kingdom
    by providing animals with special instincts（本能）.One of these instincts is known as
    hibernation（冬眠）.
    " Sleeping like a dormouse（棒睡鼠）"is not only a common saying but is a reality.
    When winter comes,the dormouse and other hibernating animals have reached a well-
    nourished state.They eat very well in warmer days laying down fat in the tissues of their
    bodies and during hibernation this keeps them alive.Safe in their nests,or burrows（地
    洞）,they sleep soundly until the warmth of spring arrives.
    Bats,tortoises,snakes,frogs,even insects like butterflies,hibernate more or less
    completely. Some, like the squirrels（松鼠）,sleep during coldest weather but are roused
    （弄醒）by a warm spell（暖流）.During hibernation, the temperature of an animal's body
    drops drastically.Breathing and heart-beats almost cease.
    Another instinctive method of avoiding intense cold is to escape by means of migration.
    Wild swans,seagulls,swallows and cuckoos are a few of the very many kinds of birds
    which fly thousands of miles,twice a year,to avoid cold.Many animals,especially those
    of the Arctic regions,have summer and winter quarters.The Arctic deer of North America,
    as well as the reindeer（驯鹿）of Europe,move southward towards the forests when winter
    approaches.They return to the northern area when the warmth of spring begins to be
    sensed.
    There are animals which do not attempt to leave at the first sign of winter cold.Their
    instinctive means of defense is to dig out a deep burrow,made it soft and warm by padding
    （填塞）out with straw,leaves,moss and fur. In it they have a"secret place"containing
    food which they hope will last the winter through!Animals which fall into this class include
    the Arctic fox,the rabbit and the little field-mouse.

    According to the passage,"migration"(paragraph 4)means
    A:moving from one place to another at a particular time of the year.
    B:living in burrows in winter.
    C:traveling in the winter months.
    D:visiting foreign countries.

    答案：A
    解析：

  • 第6题：

    Enough sleep is important to health.The amount of sleep（21）depends on the age of the per-son and the conditions in which sleep（22）.The young may need more sleep than the old,hut（23）eight hours are enough for the health of grown-ups.Some can do with less than this amount?but（24）may need more.Every person knows his own need.It is then a matter of how to（25）it.Sleep should be always enough to make one relaxed(松弛)and ready for（26）work.
    Fresh air is（27）to sound sleep(酣睡).It is not（28）reason for some people to insist that?it is practical to sleep in the open air.（29）a person can keep himself warm,out-of-door sleeping?probably gives the body（30）complete relaxation.
    Ability to sleep is largely a habit.The conditions refen-ed to only lead to sleep.Out-of-door（31）,a good habit of regular drinking and the avoidance of late eating and（32）are all helpful?to sound sleep.Such factors are largely within the（33）of any person.A bath at（34）,neither?hot nor cold but of body temperature,may be helpful to sleep.Sleeping pills should never be taken?except when suggested by（35）.

    第（29）题选

    A.As
    B.Where
    C.Unless
    D.When

    答案：D
    解析：
    此题应是when引导的时问状语从旬，句意为：“当人体能保持暖和时，存户外睡觉可使身体彻底放松。”

  • 第7题：

    单选题
    Passage2People often complained about not gettinga good night's sleep，but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well，while others survive on only a few hours. Still，most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times，people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours，waking up，then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century，people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire，candles，or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period，you might be a hard-working farmer，and you would come home，eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9：00 or 10：00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch，or watching period. When you came out of first sleep，you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow，meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream，or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing，you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and then slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping problem, but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping. A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
    A

    People had a divided sleep pattern only in the 18th century.

    B

    Scientists agree that artificial lighting changed the way people sleep.

    C

    Some of the people today are not familiar with the practice of divided sleep.

    D

    Sleeping for one long period may explain why some people have sleep problems.


    正确答案： C
    解析：

  • 第8题：

    单选题
    Passage2People often complained about not gettinga good night's sleep，but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well，while others survive on only a few hours. Still，most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times，people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours，waking up，then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century，people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire，candles，or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period，you might be a hard-working farmer，and you would come home，eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9：00 or 10：00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch，or watching period. When you came out of first sleep，you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow，meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream，or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing，you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and then slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping problem, but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping. A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.What conclusion does the writer make about divided sleep?
    A

    It is one type of sleeping problem.

    B

    It may help people handle daily stress.

    C

    It is not the best sleep pattern for everyone.

    D

    It is even a common practice in modern times.


    正确答案： D
    解析：

  • 第9题：

    单选题
    The main idea of the third paragraph is _____.
    A

    how to write a medical research paper

    B

    how to avoid sleep loss

    C

    how the research was conducted

    D

    how to conduct a medical experiment


    正确答案： B
    解析：
    第三段开头提到“So how did researchers study fat cells in the Annals paper?”，由此可知这一段围绕介绍整个实验实施的程序与步骤展开。而A选项说的是如何写一个医疗研究报告，B项说的是如何避免失眠，C项说的是该项研究怎样进行的，D项说的是如何开展一个医学实验。由此可知只有C项符合。

  • 第10题：

    单选题
    Passage2People often complained about not getting"a good night's sleep"，but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well，while others survive on only a few hours. Still，most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times，people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours，waking up，then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century，people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire，candles，or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period，you might be a hard-working farmer，and you would come home，eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9：00 or 10：00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch，or watching period. When you came out of first sleep，you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow，meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream，or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing，you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and then slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping "problem", but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping. A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.In paragraph 5, what does the research study suggest about divided sleep?
    A

    Divided sleep is a strange way to sleep.

    B

    Divided sleep is a natural sleep pattern for human.

    C

    Divided sleep occurs when people sleep with artificial lights.

    D

    Divided sleep means sleeping 11 hours in one period.


    正确答案： A
    解析：

  • 第11题：

    单选题
    Many doctors think it is helpful for night-shift workers _____.
    A

    to sleep with a bright light on

    B

    to plan sleep patterns carefully

    C

    to avoid being disturbed at work

    D

    to sleep for a long time after work


    正确答案： A
    解析：
    事实细节题。题中询问“许多医生认为夜班工人什么很有益处？”从文章第五句“Many doctors recommend...”可知，他们建议精心设计睡眠方式，正确答案为B。

  • 第12题：

    单选题
    Passage2People often complained about not getting"a good night's sleep"，but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well，while others survive on only a few hours. Still，most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times，people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours，waking up，then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century，people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire，candles，or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period，you might be a hard-working farmer，and you would come home，eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9：00 or 10：00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch，or watching period. When you came out of first sleep，you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow，meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream，or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing，you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and then slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping "problem", but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping. A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.What is the main purpose of paragraph 2～4?
    A

    To explain what happens in a night of divided sleep.

    B

    To give an opinion about the divided sleep pattern.

    C

    To describe the life of farmers before the 18th century.

    D

    To explain the lives of writers and artists before the 18th century.


    正确答案： B
    解析：

  • 第13题：

    共用题干
    Sleeplessness
    Insomnia or sleeplessness is a common complaint of women as they enter into menopause .In-somnia means having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep or the feeling that your sleep was not adequate for you .For women who are having night sweats,their sleep is broken by frequent a-wakening and therefore not refreshing. Generally once the night sweats are controlled a normal sleep pattern returns .If it doesn't it may be,or have become chronic insomnia. How do you know?
    if you suffer from insomnia every night or most nights for a period of one month then you have chronic insomnia. If you're not having night sweats then it's time to look for other causes of sleep-lessness. Depression and anxiety disorders are the most common causes of chronic insomnia. If you feel depressed you need to be checked by a qualified health care provider. Movement disor- ders such as restless leg syndrome are second on the list of insomnia for them,there are new med-icines that may help. Other common causes are shift working,and pain.
    In up to 30%of people with chronic insomnia no cause can be identified.Medical treatment of these people has generally been with sleeping pills.It is estimated that 25% of the adult popu- lation in America took some type of medicines for sleep last year. It is generally agreed that sleep-ing pills should only be in the lowest dose and for the shortest possible time.
    Sleep hygiene is directed at changing bad sleep habits.The recommendations are:-Go to bed only when sleepy．-Do not wait up to a specified time．-Avoid caffeine and alcohol in the evening,etc.

    The word"insomnia"in the first paragraph means______.
    A: having a normal sleep pattern
    B: having no sweats at night
    C: feeling that one's sleep is adequate for him
    D: having trouble falling or staying asleep

    答案：D
    解析：
    本文第二句给了“insomnia”的定义，"Insomnia means having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep or the feeling that your sleep was not adequate for you.”这三种情况都可叫做失眠。


    共提到六种，即night sweats, depression, anxiety disorders, movement disorders, shift working,pain。


    因第二段是列举失眠原因，second on the list指从重要性方面来看位于第二。


    第三段末句提到了安眠药，谈到“...sleeping pills should only be in the lowest dose...”即应使用最小剂量。


    最后一段提出建议：困了就睡和晚上不喝令人兴奋的咖啡和酒等，并不要求定时上床睡觉，故D项是错误的。

  • 第14题：

    Text 2 Obesity used to be regarded as a disease of afiluent societies.In a sense,of course,this is true:you cannot be obese if you cannot afford enough calories.But we now understand that the story is more complex,and that children from low-income groups are more likely to be obese than those from the highest-income groups.Our understanding of sleep deprivation has yet to see a similar evolution.Almost half the British population say they get six hours'sleep a night or less,compared with around a twelfth in 1942.Experts blame developments such as electriiication and the proliferation of entertainment,one neuroscientist went so far as to warn of a"catastrophic sleep-loss epidemic"recently.We need sleep for mental and physical recovery;for cognitive control,memory and leaming.Sleep loss is associated with everything from obesity and Alzheimer's disease to diabetes and poor mental health.Sleep evangelists（布i道者）such as Arianna Huffington portray a world of busy professionals sending emails into the early hours,teenagers watching televisions in their bedrooms and parents shopping online when they should be winding down.The solutions are obvious,even if we struggle to find the discipline to implement them:turn offyour phone and for goodness sake go to bed..The truth is that poorer people sleep worse.You cannot buy sleep itself,but you must pay for the circumstances likely to induce it.Overcrowded,noisy,cold or unsafe housing makes sleep harder.So does shift work-especially ifit is casualised and unpredictable.Poor nutrition and stress also take their toll.We worried about reaching for our smartphone at night,while those making the devices sleep on hard beds in shared dormitories with coworkers clattering to and fro,as Benjamin Reiss observes in his book Wild Nights."Social inequities are reproduced and even multiplied in sleep,"he writes;children in bad housing will struggle to concentrate in class after a poor night's sleep.The gap is racial too.Lauren Hale,an expert on social patrerns of sleep,notes that fewer black people get the recommended amount of sleep than any other ethnic group in the U.S.,and less of it is the most restorative kind.Racism may itself affect sleep,perhaps because of the stress it causes;African Americans who report discrimination are more likely to say they sleep poorly than those who do not.Sleep is a social justice issue,requiring social solutions.Telling people to cut down on coffee is easy;improving labour laws is harder.But when people's sleep problems reflect their lack of control over their lives,telling them they should change how they live is profoundly unhelpful.27.Which of the following is odd according to Paragraph 2?

    A.What we thought about the lack of sleep may be wrong.
    B.Sleep is vital to our mental and physical health.
    C.More and more British people sleep less.
    D.Sleep-loss epidemic is around the comer.

    答案：D
    解析：
    推理判断题。根据题干定位到第二段，原文大意是，一位神经学家甚至发出“灾难性的睡眠不足流行病”的警告，D项属于过度推理，故D项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项是文章第二段首句的同义替换；B项符合原文及常识；C项与第二段第二句文义相符。故均排除。

  • 第15题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    How Animals Keep Warm

    Man has invented ways to keep warm,but how do animals defend themselves?They
    cannot reason in the sense that man can,but nature has taken care of the animal kingdom
    by providing animals with special instincts（本能）.One of these instincts is known as
    hibernation（冬眠）.
    " Sleeping like a dormouse（棒睡鼠）"is not only a common saying but is a reality.
    When winter comes,the dormouse and other hibernating animals have reached a well-
    nourished state.They eat very well in warmer days laying down fat in the tissues of their
    bodies and during hibernation this keeps them alive.Safe in their nests,or burrows（地
    洞）,they sleep soundly until the warmth of spring arrives.
    Bats,tortoises,snakes,frogs,even insects like butterflies,hibernate more or less
    completely. Some, like the squirrels（松鼠）,sleep during coldest weather but are roused
    （弄醒）by a warm spell（暖流）.During hibernation, the temperature of an animal's body
    drops drastically.Breathing and heart-beats almost cease.
    Another instinctive method of avoiding intense cold is to escape by means of migration.
    Wild swans,seagulls,swallows and cuckoos are a few of the very many kinds of birds
    which fly thousands of miles,twice a year,to avoid cold.Many animals,especially those
    of the Arctic regions,have summer and winter quarters.The Arctic deer of North America,
    as well as the reindeer（驯鹿）of Europe,move southward towards the forests when winter
    approaches.They return to the northern area when the warmth of spring begins to be
    sensed.
    There are animals which do not attempt to leave at the first sign of winter cold.Their
    instinctive means of defense is to dig out a deep burrow,made it soft and warm by padding
    （填塞）out with straw,leaves,moss and fur. In it they have a"secret place"containing
    food which they hope will last the winter through!Animals which fall into this class include
    the Arctic fox,the rabbit and the little field-mouse.

    How does the Arctic fox survive in winter?
    A:It leaves its burrow and migrates to a warmer land.
    B:It sleeps soundly inside its burrow in winter.
    C:It lives on rabbits or field mice.
    D:It stays in its burrow and lives on the food stored there.

    答案：D
    解析：

  • 第16题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    How Animals Keep Warm

    Man has invented ways to keep warm,but how do animals defend themselves?They
    cannot reason in the sense that man can,but nature has taken care of the animal kingdom
    by providing animals with special instincts（本能）.One of these instincts is known as
    hibernation（冬眠）.
    " Sleeping like a dormouse（棒睡鼠）"is not only a common saying but is a reality.
    When winter comes,the dormouse and other hibernating animals have reached a well-
    nourished state.They eat very well in warmer days laying down fat in the tissues of their
    bodies and during hibernation this keeps them alive.Safe in their nests,or burrows（地
    洞）,they sleep soundly until the warmth of spring arrives.
    Bats,tortoises,snakes,frogs,even insects like butterflies,hibernate more or less
    completely. Some, like the squirrels（松鼠）,sleep during coldest weather but are roused
    （弄醒）by a warm spell（暖流）.During hibernation, the temperature of an animal's body
    drops drastically.Breathing and heart-beats almost cease.
    Another instinctive method of avoiding intense cold is to escape by means of migration.
    Wild swans,seagulls,swallows and cuckoos are a few of the very many kinds of birds
    which fly thousands of miles,twice a year,to avoid cold.Many animals,especially those
    of the Arctic regions,have summer and winter quarters.The Arctic deer of North America,
    as well as the reindeer（驯鹿）of Europe,move southward towards the forests when winter
    approaches.They return to the northern area when the warmth of spring begins to be
    sensed.
    There are animals which do not attempt to leave at the first sign of winter cold.Their
    instinctive means of defense is to dig out a deep burrow,made it soft and warm by padding
    （填塞）out with straw,leaves,moss and fur. In it they have a"secret place"containing
    food which they hope will last the winter through!Animals which fall into this class include
    the Arctic fox,the rabbit and the little field-mouse.

    How does the dormouse defend itself against cold in winter?
    A:It moves about to keep warm.
    B:It grows thicker fur.
    C:It stores fat before hibernation.
    D:It goes to warmer areas.

    答案：C
    解析：

  • 第17题：

    Enough sleep is important to health.The amount of sleep（21）depends on the age of the per-son and the conditions in which sleep（22）.The young may need more sleep than the old,hut（23）eight hours are enough for the health of grown-ups.Some can do with less than this amount?but（24）may need more.Every person knows his own need.It is then a matter of how to（25）it.Sleep should be always enough to make one relaxed(松弛)and ready for（26）work.
    Fresh air is（27）to sound sleep(酣睡).It is not（28）reason for some people to insist that?it is practical to sleep in the open air.（29）a person can keep himself warm,out-of-door sleeping?probably gives the body（30）complete relaxation.
    Ability to sleep is largely a habit.The conditions refen-ed to only lead to sleep.Out-of-door（31）,a good habit of regular drinking and the avoidance of late eating and（32）are all helpful?to sound sleep.Such factors are largely within the（33）of any person.A bath at（34）,neither?hot nor cold but of body temperature,may be helpful to sleep.Sleeping pills should never be taken?except when suggested by（35）.

    第（30）题选

    A.a strong
    B.a most
    C.a bad
    D.an exciting

    答案：B
    解析：
    most前可以带a，此时的most有very的含义。

  • 第18题：

    单选题
    The word “threat” underlined in Paragraph 2 means ______.
    A

    debate

    B

    humiliation

    C

    risk

    D

    bother


    正确答案： C
    解析：
    语义题。threat意为“威胁”，其在文中所在句指“这种疾病对30个国家的人们构成严重威胁”。risk有“威胁，隐患”的意思，与threat表达意思相符。debate争论；辩论。humiliation羞辱，蒙耻。bother麻烦，烦扰。

  • 第19题：

    单选题
    The main idea of Paragraph 3 is _____.
    A

    how sleep deprivation (缺乏 ) can be treated

    B

    what causes sleep deprivation

    C

    who is most at risk for sleep deprivation

    D

    why sleep deprivation is a serious concern


    正确答案： B
    解析：

  • 第20题：

    问答题
    Practice 1　　Once again, science supports what your grandmother told you: A good night’s sleep helps your body fight a cold.　　People who (1)______ fewer than seven hours of sleep per night in the weeks before being (2)______ to the cold virus were nearly three times as likely to get sick as those who averaged eight hours or more, a new study found.　　Researchers used frequent telephone (3)______ to track the sleep habits of more than 150 men and women aged 21 to 55 over the course of a few weeks. Then they exposed the (4)______ to the virus, quarantined (隔离) them for five days and kept track of who got sick.　　(5)______ sleeping more, sleeping better also seemed to help the body fight illness: Patients who fared better on a measure known as “sleep efficiency”—the percentage of time in bed that you’re (6)______ sleeping—were also less likely to get sick.　　The results held true even after researchers adjusted for (7)______ such as body-mass index, age, sex, smoking and pre-existing antibodies to the virus.　　Like your grandmother, the researchers aren’t exactly sure why sleeping better makes you less likely to develop a cold. But they do take a stab at the answer: “Sleep (8)______ influences the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, histamines, and other symptom mediators that are released in (9)______ to infection.” In plain English, maybe tossing and turning when you’re infected with the cold virus (10)______ to the symptoms that define a cold.[A] subjects　　　　　　[B] disruption　　　　　 [C] exposed[D] contributes　　　　 [E]interviews　　　　　　[F] Despite[G] actually　　　　　　[H] properties　　　　　 [I]response[J]variables　　　　　　[K]action　　　　　　　　[L]averaged[M]Besides　　　　　　　[N]partially　　　　　　 [O]disturbance

    正确答案： 1.L 考 点:动词。分析句子结构可知定语从句缺少谓语成分,故此处需填一动词。此处表达了试验的结果,因此要用一般过去时。原句意为“______每晚少于七小时睡眠的人”,结合选项,可与数字搭配的动词只能是average,意为“平均为”, 故选项L正确。
    2.C 考 点:动词。空格前为being,空格处应填形容词或动词过去分词。空格所在句的意思为“每晚平均睡眠少于7小时的人比那些平均睡眠8小时以上的人在______流感病毒时更容易感冒”,be exposed to意为“接触,面对”,符合题意。 故选项C最符合题意。
    3.E 考 点:名词。由句子结构可知,空处应填名词,与telephone构成搭配。interviews telephone为固定搭配,意为“电话采访”, 故选项E正确。
    4.A 考 点:名词。空格前为定冠词the,故空格处要填名词。这句话的意思为“他们(科学家)让______接触到病毒,对他们实行隔离……”,结合选项,只有subject,意为“接受试验者,实验对象”,符合题意,故选项A正确。
    5.M 考 点:介词。这句话的意思为“______睡得多,睡得好也对预防疾病有所帮助”,很明显空处要填“除了……之外(还)”。despite意为“不管,不顾”,故可排除。besides意为“除……以外”, 故选项M正确。
    6.G 考 点:副词。由句子结构可知,空格处应填副词。这句话的意思为“睡眠效率是指______睡眠时间占总躺床时间的百分比”,故可推知,空处应填“真正地,事实地”, 故选项G正确。
    7.J 考 点:名词。分析句子结构可知空格处词性与such as 后边的内容相同。故此处需填一名词。由于such as 后边的 “body-mass index,age,sex,smoking and pre-existing antibodies to the virus”都是“变量”, variables意为“变数,变量” 故选项J正确。
    8.O 考 点:名词。由句子结构可知,空处与sleep搭配充当句子的主语。由选项可知,disturbance sleep可构成搭配,意为“睡眠紊乱”, 故选项O正确。
    9.I 考 点:固定搭配。由句子结构可知,此处构成了in…to短语,结合选项,只有in response to意为“对……的反应”,符合题意,故选项I正确。
    10.D 考 点:动词。 由句子结构可知,主句缺少谓语,tossing and turning为句子的主语,故空格处应填动词第三人称单数。原句意为“简单地说,当你感染了病毒辗转反侧难以入眠______感冒的症状”,空处应填“促成了”,contribute to意为“是……的原因之一”。 故选项D正确。
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第21题：

    单选题
    In the last paragraph the author points out that ______.
    A

    sleeping less is good for human health

    B

    people ought to be persuaded to sleep less than before

    C

    it is incorrect to say that people sleep too little

    D

    those who can sleep less should be encouraged


    正确答案： D
    解析：
    最后一段作者描述到一些人认为更多的人睡得太多，作者指出“One can see the point of this also”，接着下文提到有些人在睡眠量低于平均水平的情况下也能把做好工作并玩得愉快，如果这样不会对他们身体造成伤害，那么“retard our development by holding back those people”将是遗憾的事情，可见作者认为那些人应该得到支持，因此D项符合文意。

  • 第22题：

    单选题
    The underlined word “trash” in Paragraph 2 probably means _____.
    A

    rubbish

    B

    poison

    C

    disaster

    D

    ruin


    正确答案： B
    解析：
    根据下文中“Since most of our litter eventually ends up in waterways, cigarette ends can surely pollute the surrounding environment.”可知，人们的大部分生活垃圾最后都是从排水沟冲走，烟头肯定会污染环境。据此推测trash就是“垃圾”的意思。

  • 第23题：

    单选题
    Passage 1People often complained about not gettinga good night's sleep, but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well, while others survive on only a few hours. Still, most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times, people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours, waking up, then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century, people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire, candles, or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period, you might be a hard-working farmer, and you would come home, eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9:00 or 10:00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch, or watching period. When you came out of first sleep, you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow, meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream, or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing, you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and the slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping problem, but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping.A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.In paragraph 5, what does the research study suggest about divided sleep?
    A

    Divided sleep is a strange way to sleep.

    B

    Divided sleep is a natural sleep pattern for human.

    C

    Divided sleep occurs when people sleep with artificial lights.

    D

    Divided sleep means sleeping 11 hours in one period.


    正确答案： D
    解析：

相关内容