Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.That experiences influence subsequent b
题目
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
That experiences influence subsequent behaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and. understanding these words. So-called intelligent behaviour demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences.
Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one's memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.
In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer; for example, learned behaviour that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. Thus forgetting seems to serve the survival of the individual and the species.
Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output). Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offer gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.
According to Para.1, memory plays an important role in______.
相似考题
参考答案和解析
learning, conducting intelligent behavior, locating and solving any problem 解析：归纳总结题。本题的答案散落在第一段中，我们只要在其中搜索一下题干中的核心词汇memory，就可以总结出答案。
更多“Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.That experiences influence subsequent b”相关问题
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第1题：
Directions: In this section, you are required to write a passage of no less than 100 words based on the following situation. 你听说你的朋友获得了奖学金(scholarship),你给他发封邮件表示祝贺。正确答案：Dear Yang:How are you gettling along these days? I am glad to know you won the scholarship Congratulations!Everybody knows that it is extremely difficult for a high school student to get the scholarship from Harvard University, one ot the most world-famous universities But you have made it! The scholarship is the best reward to your hard work over these years All of our classmates know how many hardships you have overcome in these years Moreover, it is a great honor both for you and for our school! Our teachers and classmates are very proud of you!I do hope your study abroad will be smoothful and successful in the future Sincerely yours.
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第2题：
Questionnaires can be a simple way to get to know your audience's opinions. Though it is easy to write a questionnaire, you need a lot of skill and experience to write a good one. Luckily, good designQuestionnaires can be a simple way to get to know your audience's opinions. Though it is easy to write a questionnaire, you need a lot of skill and experience to write a good one. Luckily, good design skills can be learned in a short time.
Keep Your Questionnaire Simple and Visually Attractive
Keep your questionnaire short and simple. A short and simple questionnaire is more likely to be completed and returned. It is also important to make your questionnaire as attractive as possible. You should keep the following design elements in mind:
Text: Choose a font style. that is easy to read, and make sure the font size is large enough for your respondents to read.
Paragraphs: Long paragraphs can be daunting for readers, so try to keep your blocks of text to a handful of lines.
White space: Ensure that there is space between questions and sections and don't make margins too small.
Keep Questions Brief and Easy to Understand
Be brief and direct with your questions. Do not use any unnecessary words and phrases. Brief questions that use simple language are easy to read and understand, so the participants won't find it difficult to fill in the questionnaire.
Make Sure Questions Are In the Right Order
You should start your questionnaire with general questions and then move to specific ones. Try to avoid jumping back and forth between general and specific questions.
Use Open-Ended Questions Properly
Open-ended questions mean respondents can answer freely using their own words. They can provide more detailed information, but they take more time and effort to answer and can be more difficult to analyze. You should not use too many open-ended questions in one questionnaire.
In a word, taking the time to develop a well-designed and participant “friendly questionnaire will give you useful data that can help you make the right decisions.
21. The questionnaire contains following elements except()
A. test
B. paragraph
C. address
22. In order to keep your questionnaire visually attractive, you should().
A. choose different font styles in a questionnaire
B. write long paragraphs instead of short ones
C. leave enough space between questions and sections
23. You should start your questionnaire with()questions and then move to ones.
A. general, specific
B. specific, general
C. short, long
24. What could be the best title for this passage?
A. Designing an Effective Questionnaire.
B. Questionnaire is the best way to collect data from many people.
C. Questionnaire benefits our life.
25. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Questionnaire design skills can be learned in a short time.
B. Open-ended questions cannot provide more detailed inform. better not use too many open-ended questions in one questionnaire.
C. It's worth taking the time to develop a well-designed and participant-friendly questionnaire.
参考答案：21-25：CCAAB
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第3题：
请教:2008年6月大学英语三级考试A级真题第2大题第1小题如何解答?【题目描述】
Directions: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.
Section A
Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
16. Most of the retired people are happy ________ their quiet life in the country- side.
A) to
B) of
C) with
D) on
正确答案：C -
第4题：
__________is a type of activity in which the teacher reads out a passage in normal speed for two or three times and students are to note down the words they could catch as they listen as much as possible.A. Answering questions.
B. Gap-filling.
C. Dictogloss.
D. Sequencing.答案：C解析：考查听力教学活动中的概念。题目中所述听力教学活动为语法听写(dictogloss)。 -
第5题：
高中英语?阅读
一、考题回顾
二、考题解析
【教案】
Teaching aims:
Knowledge aim:
Students can know the basic meaning of passage and are able to master the different greeting for the strangers.
Ability aims:
Students can practice guessing content of next paragraph according to the clues which is given in the passage.
Emotional aim:
Students are able to love learning English and like to read different English passage after this lesson.
Key and difficult point:
Key Point: guess the content of next paragraph according to the clues and know the “learned” body language, especially different greetings
Difficult Point: improve students’ reading interest.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1: Warming-up
1. Greetings.
2. Play a video about Chaplin’s mime and ask students several questions:
What kind of body language can you see from this video?
Do you know the meaning of these body language?
Step 2: Pre-reading
Present the passage on the screen and read it for all the students. Before reading, ask students one question: What’s the main ideas of these two paragraphs? And guess the main to topic of this lesson?
Then invite several students to share their ideas.
Step 3: While-reading
1.Lead the students to think one question: Is this a whole passage? And ask students to scan the whole passage and give the teacher answer.
2.Ask students to discuss in group and after 10 minutes to invite several students to share their ideas with all the students.
3.And different students may be just guess the content of several paragraphs. So give students a chart, ask them to finish discussing in 5 minutes. Then invite two representatives to state the whole passage.
Step4: Post-reading
Guessing game: Present another passage on the screen. And give students 10 minutes to read and discuss.Then make a chart and tell your own stories according to chart in your own group .Then invite the representatives to make a report for the whole class.
Step5: Summary and Homework
Summary: ask a student to conclude the content of the lesson and summarize with the whole class.
Homework: Present a passage and ask students to read and write a short passsage,which will be put behind of last paragraph.
Blackboard design:
1.Do you have the experience in teaching?
2. What will you do if you pass this exam?答案：解析：1.
Yes, I do. I have taught a teenager in high school. She was the junior. I mainly taught her grammar. I found her grammar was not very systematic. So I taught her from the grammar in words to the grammar in sentences in order to make her master the whole grammar, especially those always appeared in her exams. And during the teaching, I find the most important that it is the teacher should have a better understanding of the whole grammar and the high school English course. Besides, the teacher should pay more attention to the patience. It will make students relax when their learning and get along with the students.
2.
First, I will find a teaching job to practice my teaching ability. And at the same time to prepare the teachers’ exams for school. When I prepare, I think the most important it’s to know the content of text in high school and do many exercises to practice these knowledge.
Second, I will visit some good teachers who is teaching the high school and learn some experience and practice my teaching ability.
Last, I need to reflect myself to improve my knowledge and my teaching procedures. -
第6题：
You′d better make a mark__________ youhave any questions while you are reading the passage.A.at which
B.in where
C.in the place
D.where答案：D解析：考查状语从句。句意为。当你读文章时，最好在有问题的地方做个标记”，从句中缺少表示地点的状语，所以用where引导地点状语从句：而当where引导定语从句时．要有先行词place，加上at可以改成“You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions”。 -
第7题：
Of the four possible tune movements, high fall is used for statements and wh-questions; high rise is used for questions asking for repetition of something; low rise is for yes/no questions, etc. and fall rise is for corrections and polite contradictions.（）
正确答案:正确 -
第8题：
单选题The passage specifically states that __________.Adirect experiences are more valuable than indirect ones
Bwhatever attitudes a child learns in school have already been introduced at home
Cteachers should always conceal their own attitudes
Dteachers can sometimes have an unwholesome influence on children
正确答案： C解析：
文中文中最后一段第一句提到“a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious if she has personal prejudices.”(老师必须不断地评估自己的态度，因为如果她带有个人偏见，那么她的影响便是有害的)，由此可见文章明确指出了老师有时也会对学生造成不良影响，故答案选D。 -
第9题：
问答题Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary with the appropriate words from the passage. Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet. Questions 1—5 are based on the following passage. The most crucial way, however, of improving the labour cost structure at SAH (Sydney Airport Hotel) was to find better, more productive ways of providing customer service. SAH management concluded this would first require a process of “benchmarking”. The prime objective of the benchmarking process was to compare a range of service delivery processes across a range of criteria using teams made up of employees from different departments within the hotel which interacted with each other. This process resulted in performance measures that greatly enhanced SAH’s ability to improve productivity and quality. The front office team discovered through this project that a high proportion of AHI (Australian Hotels Inc) Club member reservations were incomplete. As a result, the service provided to these guests was below the standard promised to them as part of their membership agreement. Reducing the number of incomplete reservations greatly improved guest perceptions of service. In addition, a program modelled on an earlier project called “Take Charge” was implemented. Essentially, Take Charge provides an effective feedback loop from both customers and employees. Customer comments, both positive and negative, are recorded by staff. These are collated regularly to identify opportunities for improvement. Just as importantly, employees are requested to note down their own suggestions for improvement. (AHI has set an expectation that employees will submit at least three suggestions for every one they receive from a customer.) Employee feedback is reviewed daily and suggestions are implemented within 48 hours, if possible, or a valid reason is given for non-implementation. If suggestions require analysis or data collection, the Take Charge team has 30 days in which to address the issue and come up with recommendations. Although quantitative evidence of AHI’s initiatives at SAH are limited at present, anecdotal evidence clearly suggests that these practices are working. Indeed AHI is progressively rolling out these initiatives in other hotels in Australia, whilst numerous overseas visitors have come to see how the program works. Summary:What They Did at SAH Teams of employees were selected from different hotel departments to participate in a benchmarking exercise. The information collected was used to compare a range of 1 which, in turn, led to the development of 2 that would be used to increase the hotel’s capacity to improve 3 as well as quality. Also, an older program known as 4 was introduced at SAH. In this program, feedback is sought from customers and staff. If possible, their suggestions are implemented within 48 hours. Some of these suggestions may be investigated for their feasibility for a period of up to 5 .正确答案：
1.service delivery processes 文章第一段第三句原话。
2.(performance) measures 文章第一段最后一句原话。result in导致,意思相当于“lead to”。
3.productivity 文章第一段最后一句原话。
4.“Take Charge” 文章第三段第一句提到modeled on an earlier project与摘要中的an older program相对应,因而可知该空应该填“Take Charge”。
5.30 days 文章倒数第二段提到the Take Charge team has 30 days in which to address the issue and come up with recommendations主管部门在30天内将会发布信息并提出建议。解析： 暂无解析 -
第10题：
单选题The author most likely begins and concludes the passage with questions for what reason?ATo suggest possible areas for current and future research
BTo pose a question that is answered in the body of the passage, and then to formulate a question that arises naturally out of the discussion
CTo gain the readers’ attention and encourage their agreement with the arguments in the passage
DTo suggest through rhetorical questions that the problems described in the passage do not actually have answers
ETo test the readers’ knowledge of the material discussed in the passage
正确答案： E解析：
推断题。文章叙述了企业对于《清洁空气法案》的不遵守问题，由此希望引起社会的注意，故本题应选C项。 -
第11题：
单选题INTERVIEW2 In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. Which of the following is NOT Vera’s tip for finding a new job?ANarrow down the scope of search.
BDecide what you value the most.
CDo some soul searching.
DMake your resume distinctive.
正确答案： A解析： 关于找工作的建议，访谈中女士提到，进行核心搜索。接着又提到，按优先次序列出5到10件你认为在工作中最重要的事情。也就是找出你最想要的。另外还谈到，必须使你的简历脱颖而出。故排除B、C、D项。文中并未提及选项A内容，故A项为正确答案。 -
第12题：
判断题Of the four possible tune movements, high fall is used for statements and wh-questions; high rise is used for questions asking for repetition of something; low rise is for yes/no questions, etc. and fall rise is for corrections and polite contradictions.（）A对
B错
正确答案： 错解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
what kind of questions could be used to probe students’ existing knowledge ? ()A. A handful of short-answer questions
B. Ten to twenty multiple-choice questions
C. All of the above
D. Two or three open-ended questions
正确答案是:C
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第14题：
请教:2009年6月大学英语三级考试A级真题第2大题第1小题如何解答?【题目描述】
Directions: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.
Section A
Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
16. By the end of this year Mr. Smith ________in our company for exactly three years.
A) is working
B) has worked
C) will work
D) will have worked
正确答案：D -
第15题：
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
25. Four Chinese models were ______ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.
A. among
B. between
C. along
D. beside
正确答案：A
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第16题：
_________ is a type of activity in which the teacher reads out a passage in normal speed for two or three times and students are to note down the words they could catch as they listen as much as possible.A．Answering questions.
B．Gap-filling.
C．Dictogloss.
D．Sequencing.答案：C解析：考查听力教学活动。题目中所述听力教学活动为语法听写(dictogloss)。 -
第17题：
You'd better make a mark __________you have any questions while you are reading the passage.A.at which
B.in where
C.in the place
D.where答案：D解析：考查状语从句。句意为“如果你在读文章的时候有任何问题，最好在有问题的地方做个标记”，是一个表示位置的状语，where=in which，故选D。 -
第18题：
Of the four possible tune movements, high fall is used for statements and wh-questions; high rise is used for questions asking for repetition of something; low rise is for yes/no questions, etc. and fall rise is for corrections and polite contradictions.（）
A对
B错
对
略 -
第19题：
You need to install Windows 2000 Professional on a new computer in your network. You use the Setup Manager wizard to configure a fully automated installation script file. You begin an unattended installation and leave the office. When you return, the installation has reached the GUI-mode Setup and you see the following error message. “Unattended Setup is unable to continue because a Setup parameter specified by you system administrator or computer manufacturer is missing or invalid.” You need to complete the installation. What must you do?（）
- A、 In the Unattended section of the answer file， set the OemPreinstall property to Yes.
- B、 In the NetBinding section of the answer file， specify the Enable variable.
- C、 In the UserData section of the answer file， specify the ProductID variable.
- D、 In the GuiUnattended section of the answer file， set the OemSkipWelcome property to 1
正确答案:C -
第20题：
问答题Directions:In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions in a maximum of 10 words. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet. Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage. Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past. Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed. One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%. Questions: 1．What is the main reason for the latest rise of oil price? 2．What are the results of the 1970s’ oil shock? 3．It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if ________. 4．According to the passage, reduction in oil consumption is due to ________, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries. 5．According to the passage, compared with those in the 1970s, oil-price shocks are ________ now.正确答案：
1.Reduction in supply. / Supply-cuts 依据文章第一段第二句话:“Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December”,可知答案为Reduction in supply或Supply-cuts。
2.Double-digit inflation and global economic decline 文章第一段第四句话提到“Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline”,其中both previous shocks指前文提到的1973年和1979到1980年间的oil shock,可知答案为Double-digit inflation and global economic decline。
3.oil taxes rise 文章第三段第三句话提到“In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past”,意为:在欧洲,汽油的零售价中税占到五分之四,因此税的增加会导致汽油价格(成比例地)猛涨,而原油价格的变化带来的影响不会很大。由此可知如果油税上调,汽油零售价格将急剧上涨。因此答案为oil taxes rise。
4.energy conservation 文章第四段第二句提到“Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption”,由此可知答案为energy conservation。
5.less shocking 文章最后一段强调这次油价上涨与20世纪70年代的油价上涨不同,它并不是在普遍日用品价格上涨和全球需求过剩的背景下发生的,也就没有70年代那一次那么可怕,因此答案为less shocking。解析： 暂无解析 -
第21题：
单选题Where does the first passage likely appear?AIn a corporate promotional newsletter
BIn a letter to the company's management
CIn a company's annual financial report
DIn the business section of a newspaper
正确答案： C解析：
第1篇短文作者是第三者的视角，语气很客观地宣布某企业任命新总裁的消息，由此推断文章应出现在日报的经济报道部分，故选D。 -
第22题：
单选题CONVERSION 2 Questions l to 5 are based on an conversation. At the end of the conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the conversation. According to the conversation, which of the following statements is CORRECT?ARoger prefers to live in town.
BJulia prefers to live in a village.
CRoger prefers to live with familiar neighbors.
DJulia prefers to travel back and forth to London.
正确答案： A解析： 访谈中，当女士提到为何不搬到Colchester时，男士回答到，你想被困于上千座房子中，被包围在上千位陌生的邻居当中吗？由此可以推断出，男士更喜欢与熟悉的人住在一起。故选项C为正确答案。听录音时应注意双方的语气。 -
第23题：
单选题The passage provides an answer to which of the following questions?AWhat is the explanation for the phenomenon of bioluminescence in marine life?
BDoes the phenomenon of plankton bioluminescence have any practical applications?
CWhy do only certain specimens of marine life exhibit the phenomenon of bioluminescence?
DHow does underwater bioluminescence differ from atmospheric bioluminescence?
EWhat are the steps that take place as an individual microorganism becomes bioluminescent?
正确答案： B解析：
根据上一题的答案可知，“the phenomenon of plankton bioluminescence”能够运用到实际，即可以帮助“fisheries to increase their catch of fish that prey on plankton”， 因此B项符合题目要求。文中没有给出海洋微生物体发光的确切原因，A项不正确；B项与文中信息不符，并非只有“certain specimens of marine life”存在发光现象；C、E均在文中没有涉及。