Psychology, philosophy, and anthropology are all concerned with the study of meaning.()
第1题:
根据下列文章,回答41~45题。
Directions:
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41~45), choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. ______(41)______ .
American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.______(42)______ .
In the early 1900s in North America, Germanborn American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology._____(43)______.
Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. ______(44)______.
Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures.______(45)______.
Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Emile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.
A.Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.
B.In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.
C.He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.
D.They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.
E.Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.
F.Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.
G.For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred se
请选择(41)处最佳答案( )。{Page}
第2题:
A.Right.
B.Wrong.
第3题:
Polysemy is concerned with words of more than one meaning.()
第4题:
第5题:
In the course of time, the study of language has come to establish close links with other branches of s() studies, such as sociology and psychology.
social
略
第6题:
A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology is more concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning.
第7题:
第8题:
it is not good for people to travel alone
one should explore philosophical problems under the guidance of other philosophers
one should follow the path of other philosophers
one would study philosophy with others
第9题:
第10题:
第11题:
第12题:
study
studying
to study
studied
第13题:
The author suggests that a man becomes a philosopher when he ______.
A. studies philosophy as a subject
B. collects all the facts
C. realizes obvious truths
D. seeks a meaning for life
第14题:
A、all the same
B、in the end
C、after all
D、before long
第15题:
I HEREBY ON BEHALF OF MY OWNERS DECLARE G.A. AND REQUIRE ALL PARTIES CONCERNED TO PROVIDE G.A. SECURITY ASAP.From this fax it is inferred that the vessel ______.
A.has suffered some damage or loss
B.requires her owners to provide some security
C.requires all parties to declare G.A
D.concerned to provide G.A. to all parties
第16题:
第17题:
The()approach to language study is concerned with language as an instrument of social interaction rather than as a system that is viewed in isolation.
functional
略
第18题:
Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.
第19题:
In the beginning
At first
To begin with
To start
第20题:
Wal-Mart predicts huge profits in its green activity.
Wal-Mart aims to solve its health-insurance practice.
Wal-Mart’s green activity is just a window dressing.
Wal-Mart doesn’t have any social responsibility at all.
第21题:
working efficiency that leads to the highest output
the working skills and the working environment
the techniques leading to the highest productivity
the use of workers to get the greatest profit
第22题:
mutually accepted a single theory of how language is acquired
questioned the need to study cognitive science as a separate discipline
regarded an understanding of language acquisition to be beyond the scope of the scientific method
did not put enough resources into the study of language acquisition
disagreed about the manner in which human languages should be studied
第23题:
rising-up
bring-up
uprising
Upbringing