Doris Newman

共用题干
Walk a Quarter-Mile or Diem

If you can walk a quarter-mile,odds（可能性）are you have at least six years of life left
in you,scientists say.And the faster you can_______(1)it,the longer you might
live.
While walking is no guarantee of_______(2) or longevity（长寿）,a new study
found that the ability of elderly people to do the quarter-mile was an"important determinant
（决定因素）"in whether or not they'd be_____(3) six years later and how much
illness and disability they would endure.
"The_______(4)to complete this walk was a powerful predictor of health
outcomes,"said study leader Anne Newman of the University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine."In fact,we_______(5)that the people who could not complete the walk
were_____(6)an extremely high risk of later disability and death."
Newman and colleagues recruited nearly 2,700 white and African-American men and
women aged 70 to 79 to_______(7)the walk.All the participants were screened and
determined to be in relatively_______(8)health,and they had all said they had
previously walked that far with no_______(9).Only 86 percent of them finished,
_______(10)
The scientists then monitored the health and mortality of all_______(11)for the
next six years,"There was a big gap in health outcomes_______(12)people who
could complete the longer walk and people who could not,with the latter being at an
extremely high_______(13)of becoming disabled or dying,"Newman said."What
was really surprising is that these people were not_______(14)of how weak they
actually were."
Finishing times were found to be crucial,too.Those who completed the walk but were
among the slowest 25 percent_______(15)three times greater risk of death than the
speedier folks.

_________(5)
A:found
B:doubted
C:suspected
D:studied

Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.
It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.
We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared． In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered．Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. "So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism," Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define 'journalism' as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are."
Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored． Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.
Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote.
Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized． Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.
Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?

A.It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.
B.It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.
C.Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.
D.Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.

共用题干
第三篇

The Age of being Bullied and Its Effect

The age at which kids first fall victim to bullying（欺辱）could influence how strongly they are affected,suggests a new study.And,surprisingly,it is not the youngest kids who are hurt the most in the long term. Bullying can have long-lasting effects,but particularly when it begins in adolescence（青春期）,the researchers say.
People subjected to either oral or physical bullying are known to be at greater risk for developing depression,anxiety disorders or to behave violently.But not everyone reacts in this way.Children bullied for the first time before their adolescence seem to get over it,but those who are victimized for the first time late on in adolescence seem to become more aggressive or are more likely to turn to drink as a means of coping. These are the conclusions of psychologist Matthew Newman and his colleagues from the University of Texas at Austin,U.S.
The team gave questionnaires to nearly 1,500 college students regarding their experience of physical and psychological bullying before adolescence一before high school一and in late adolescence一at high school.They assessed mood and mental state,judging by signs of anxiety or depression,such as sleeplessness.The group was also questioned about how they would react to certain challenges,such as being embarrassed or provoked.
People who were bullied all revealed slightly higher levels of stress.But while those bullied earlier in life seemed to respond normally to provocation,people bullied for the first time late in adolescence are more withdrawn and sensitive to violence.
The best solution was strong social support,whether from friends,family or school.Those with no one to share their problems were suffered the most.
So perhaps it is best not to shelter children completely from bullying early on,suggests Newman."They may get stressed,but unhealthy coping really jumps out when they are bullied for the first time later on."The effects are likely to be related to the developing stress hormone system, which matures during adolescence,he concludes.Studies show abnormal stress responses in adult animals that experience social stress or aggression from other animals during adolescence.

The author most probably agrees that,when a child falls victim to bullying,his parents should_______.
A:help and comfort him right away
B:not shelter him completely from it
C:wait until his stress hormone system matures
D:not interfere in until the child wants to share

Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.
It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.
We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared． In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered．Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. "So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism," Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define 'journalism' as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are."
Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored． Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.
Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote.
Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized． Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.
It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that__

A.arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers
B.English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews
C.high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers
D.young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies

Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.
It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.
We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared． In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered．Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. "So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism," Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define 'journalism' as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are."
Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored． Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.
Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote.
Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized． Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.
Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by__

A.free themes
B.casual style
C.elaborate layout
D.radical viewpoints

共用题干
第三篇

The Age of being Bullied and Its Effect

The age at which kids first fall victim to bullying（欺辱）could influence how strongly they are affected,suggests a new study.And,surprisingly,it is not the youngest kids who are hurt the most in the long term. Bullying can have long-lasting effects,but particularly when it begins in adolescence（青春期）,the researchers say.
People subjected to either oral or physical bullying are known to be at greater risk for developing depression,anxiety disorders or to behave violently.But not everyone reacts in this way.Children bullied for the first time before their adolescence seem to get over it,but those who are victimized for the first time late on in adolescence seem to become more aggressive or are more likely to turn to drink as a means of coping. These are the conclusions of psychologist Matthew Newman and his colleagues from the University of Texas at Austin,U.S.
The team gave questionnaires to nearly 1,500 college students regarding their experience of physical and psychological bullying before adolescence一before high school一and in late adolescence一at high school.They assessed mood and mental state,judging by signs of anxiety or depression,such as sleeplessness.The group was also questioned about how they would react to certain challenges,such as being embarrassed or provoked.
People who were bullied all revealed slightly higher levels of stress.But while those bullied earlier in life seemed to respond normally to provocation,people bullied for the first time late in adolescence are more withdrawn and sensitive to violence.
The best solution was strong social support,whether from friends,family or school.Those with no one to share their problems were suffered the most.
So perhaps it is best not to shelter children completely from bullying early on,suggests Newman."They may get stressed,but unhealthy coping really jumps out when they are bullied for the first time later on."The effects are likely to be related to the developing stress hormone system, which matures during adolescence,he concludes.Studies show abnormal stress responses in adult animals that experience social stress or aggression from other animals during adolescence.

According to Newman,why people bullied for the first time in adolescence suffer most?
A:Their stress hormone system is fully developed then.
B:Their parents mistakenly shelter them from bullying.
C:They usually lack social support.
D:They do not turn to proper solutions.