Crime Prevention Initiatives The chances that you will be a victim of violent crime are low. But you can avoid risk in the following ways. AT HOME - You should make sure your house or flat is secure. Always lock the door from the inside at night, but you
题目
Crime Prevention Initiatives The chances that you will be a victim of violent crime are low. But you can avoid risk in the following ways. AT HOME - You should make sure your house or flat is secure. Always lock the door from the inside at night, but you must keep the key nearby, so that you can use it to get out quickly if there is a fire. - You must never give keys to workmen as they can easily make copies. - If you wake up and hear a burglar, stay quietly in bed. Pretend you are asleep. If you feel more confident, switch on the light and make a lot of noiseeven if you are on your own you should call out loudly to an imaginary companion, so that the burglar thinks you are not alone and runs away. You should have a phone or a mobile in your bedroom to alert the police immediately. - If you come home and think you see signs of a break-in, you shouldn't go in, the burglar may be inside. You should go to a neighbour and call the police. ON THE STREET At night: - Always walk facing the traffic, so that a car cannot pull up behind you. - You mustn't go through parks or woods. - If you think someone is following you, cross the road one or two times. If he or she continues to follow you, go to a pub or other public place. - Always carry your bag close to you, but carry your house keys in your pocket so that you can open the door quickly. If someone attacks you - remember your safety is more important than your property.
1). This passage mainly focuses on ().
2). If you want to guarantee your safety at home, you should ().
3). Based on the passage, if you notice someone following you, it's better for you to ().
4). Why should you have a telephone in the bedroom?
5). From the passage, we can infer that we might be victims if ().
(1).A、how to avoid crimes both at home and in the street
B、 where to stay if you want to be safe
C、 what you should do at home if there is a burglary
D、 how to avoid crime at night in the street
(2).A、always lock the door and put the key in a secret place far away from the door
B、 never leave the keys with workmen since they can easily make copies
C、 keep silent all the time even if you are on your own when a burglar steals into your house
D、 go in immediately when you suspect someone is breaking into your house
(3).A、shout loudly
B、 run quickly
C、 stop, turn around and look at him
D、 go to public places
(4).A、Because we might use it to alert the burglar.
B、 Because it's convenient for us to talk to our friends while lying in bed.
C、 Because it's convenient for us to report to the police in case there is a burglary.
D、 Because we might use it to make a phone call at midnight.
(5).A、we cannot part with the money when being attacked
B、 we always walk facing the traffic
C、 we don't walk in the empty street
D、 we carry too much cash
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第1题：
资料：We all know that lack of sleep affects our memory along with other cognitive abilities. Sitting in the office sleep deprives it’s difficult to remember your own name, let along the ever-lengthening to-do list.
But now new research shows that not getting enough sleep increases the chances your mind will actually create false memories. The study, published in Psychological Science, allowed one group of participants to get a full nights’ sleep while another had to stay up all night. In the morning they were given a series of photos that were supposed to show a crime being committed. Next, both groups were given some eyewitness statements about the crime. Like many witness statements in real-life crimes the details were different to those shown in the photographs. For example, in one instance the photo showed a thief putting a wallet in his jacket, but in the witness statement it said he put it in his pants（that's ‘trousers’ for British people not his underwear!）. Afterwards they were asked what they had seen in the original photographs. The results showed that those who'd missed out on their sleep were the most likely to regurgitate the false eyewitness statements they'd just read rather than remembering the ‘true’ crime-scene photos they'd been shown moments beforehand. The lack of sleep had messed with their heads to the extent the all the evidence—right and wrong—had got mixed up.
One of the study's authors, Kimberly Fenn, said:”People who repeatedly get low amounts of sleep every night could be more prone in the long run to develop these forms of memory distortion. It's not just a full night of sleep deprivation that puts them at risk. Indeed, a preliminary study they carried out found that getting just five hours sleep was enough to cause people to start manufacturing false memories.
What is best title of this article?A.Sleep and Photographic memory
B.Lack of Sleep Leading to Crimes
C.Sleep and Cognitive of human beings
D.Lack of Sleep Producing False Memory答案：D解析：本题考查的是主旨大意。
【关键词】best title
【主题句】第2自然段But now new research shows that not getting enough sleep increases the chances your mind will actually create false memories. 但现在新的研究发现，得不到充足睡眠增加了大脑内创造虚假记忆的可能性。
【解析】题目意为“以下哪一项是文章最好的题目？”选项A 意为“睡眠和逼真的记忆”，选项B意为“缺乏睡眠导致犯罪”，选项C意为“人类睡眠和认知”，选项D意为“缺乏睡眠导致错误记忆”，根据全文描述的实验以及结果，选项D符合题意。 -
第2题：
Buck never allowed himself to be bullied into doing anything that went against his ______.A.sense
B.principles
C.priest
D.victim答案：B解析：A选项意为“感觉，官能”；B选项意为“原则，准则”；C选项意为“教士，僧侣”；D选项意为“受害者，牺牲者”。题目意为“巴克从不会因收到威胁而做任何违背他_____的事情。”因此选B，违背他原则。
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第3题：
资料：We all know that lack of sleep affects our memory along with other cognitive abilities. Sitting in the office sleep deprives it’s difficult to remember your own name, let along the ever-lengthening to-do list.
But now new research shows that not getting enough sleep increases the chances your mind will actually create false memories. The study, published in Psychological Science, allowed one group of participants to get a full nights’ sleep while another had to stay up all night. In the morning they were given a series of photos that were supposed to show a crime being committed. Next, both groups were given some eyewitness statements about the crime. Like many witness statements in real-life crimes the details were different to those shown in the photographs. For example, in one instance the photo showed a thief putting a wallet in his jacket, but in the witness statement it said he put it in his pants（that's ‘trousers’ for British people not his underwear!）. Afterwards they were asked what they had seen in the original photographs. The results showed that those who'd missed out on their sleep were the most likely to regurgitate the false eyewitness statements they'd just read rather than remembering the ‘true’ crime-scene photos they'd been shown moments beforehand. The lack of sleep had messed with their heads to the extent the all the evidence—right and wrong—had got mixed up.
One of the study's authors, Kimberly Fenn, said:”People who repeatedly get low amounts of sleep every night could be more prone in the long run to develop these forms of memory distortion. It's not just a full night of sleep deprivation that puts them at risk. Indeed, a preliminary study they carried out found that getting just five hours sleep was enough to cause people to start manufacturing false memories.
What is the independent variable in the study?A.The memory distortion
B.The amount of sleep
C.The short-term memory
D.The ability to recall long list答案：B解析：本题考查的是细节理解
【关键词】independent variable
【主题句】第2自然段The study, published in Psychological Science, allowed one group of participants to get a full nights’ sleep while another had to stay up all night.这项发表在“心理科学”上的研究中，一组参与者获得了整晚的睡眠；而另一组一晚都没有睡觉。这项发表在《心理科学》上的研究中，一组参与者获得了整晚的睡眠；而另一组一晚都没有睡觉。
【解析】题目意为“研究中自变量是什么？”选项A意为“记忆扭曲”，选项B意为“睡眠多少”，选项C意为“短期记忆”，选项D意为“回忆的能力”， 一项研究的结果收到诸多因素的影响，为弄清某单一因素对研究结果的影响，组织者会将两组参与者的其它因素设为相同，只留下一个不同因素作为对照，这就是自变量。根据主题句，本研究的自变量就是睡眠的多少，选项B符合题意。 -
第4题：
资料：We all know that lack of sleep affects our memory along with other cognitive abilities. Sitting in the office sleep deprives it’s difficult to remember your own name, let along the ever-lengthening to-do list.
But now new research shows that not getting enough sleep increases the chances your mind will actually create false memories. The study, published in Psychological Science, allowed one group of participants to get a full nights’ sleep while another had to stay up all night. In the morning they were given a series of photos that were supposed to show a crime being committed. Next, both groups were given some eyewitness statements about the crime. Like many witness statements in real-life crimes the details were different to those shown in the photographs. For example, in one instance the photo showed a thief putting a wallet in his jacket, but in the witness statement it said he put it in his pants（that's ‘trousers’ for British people not his underwear!）. Afterwards they were asked what they had seen in the original photographs. The results showed that those who'd missed out on their sleep were the most likely to regurgitate the false eyewitness statements they'd just read rather than remembering the ‘true’ crime-scene photos they'd been shown moments beforehand. The lack of sleep had messed with their heads to the extent the all the evidence—right and wrong—had got mixed up.
One of the study's authors, Kimberly Fenn, said:”People who repeatedly get low amounts of sleep every night could be more prone in the long run to develop these forms of memory distortion. It's not just a full night of sleep deprivation that puts them at risk. Indeed, a preliminary study they carried out found that getting just five hours sleep was enough to cause people to start manufacturing false memories.
Which does the underlined word “regurgitate”（paragraph 2）mean?A.repeat
B.pour back
C.feed
D.remix答案：A解析：本题考查的是词义理解
【关键词】regurgitate ； paragraph 2
【主题句】第2自然段The results showed that those who'd missed out on their sleep were the most likely to regurgitate the false eyewitness statements they'd just read rather than remembering the ‘true’ crime-scene photos they'd been shown moments beforehand. 结果显示，没睡觉的人更容易复述虚假的目击内容，而不是回忆起之前亲眼目睹的犯罪现场照片。
【解析】题目意为“文章第二段中划线词regurgitate意为？”选项A意为“依样复述”，选项B意为“将（液体）倒回”，选项C意为“喂”，选项D意为“再混合”， regurgitate本义是回流、反刍，结合主题句来理解，实验者能回忆复述的是虚假陈述，而不是真实照片，因此，选项A符合题意。 -
第5题：
资料：We all know that lack of sleep affects our memory along with other cognitive abilities. Sitting in the office sleep deprives it’s difficult to remember your own name, let along the ever-lengthening to-do list.
But now new research shows that not getting enough sleep increases the chances your mind will actually create false memories. The study, published in Psychological Science, allowed one group of participants to get a full nights’ sleep while another had to stay up all night. In the morning they were given a series of photos that were supposed to show a crime being committed. Next, both groups were given some eyewitness statements about the crime. Like many witness statements in real-life crimes the details were different to those shown in the photographs. For example, in one instance the photo showed a thief putting a wallet in his jacket, but in the witness statement it said he put it in his pants（that's ‘trousers’ for British people not his underwear!）. Afterwards they were asked what they had seen in the original photographs. The results showed that those who'd missed out on their sleep were the most likely to regurgitate the false eyewitness statements they'd just read rather than remembering the ‘true’ crime-scene photos they'd been shown moments beforehand. The lack of sleep had messed with their heads to the extent the all the evidence—right and wrong—had got mixed up.
One of the study's authors, Kimberly Fenn, said:”People who repeatedly get low amounts of sleep every night could be more prone in the long run to develop these forms of memory distortion. It's not just a full night of sleep deprivation that puts them at risk. Indeed, a preliminary study they carried out found that getting just five hours sleep was enough to cause people to start manufacturing false memories.
What is the dependent variable in the study?A.Creation of false memories
B.Memory deprivation
C.Crime being created
D.Different details shown答案：A解析：本题考查的是细节理解
【关键词】dependent variable
【主题句】第2自然段The results showed that those who'd missed out on their sleep were the most likely to regurgitate the false eyewitness statements they'd just read rather than remembering the ‘true’ crime-scene photos they'd been shown moments beforehand. 结果显示，没睡觉的人更容易复述虚假的目击陈述，而不是回忆起之前亲眼目睹的犯罪现场照片。
【解析】题目意为“研究中的因变量是什么？”选项A意为“错误记忆创建”，选项B意为“记忆剥夺”，选项C意为“创造犯罪”，选项D意为“显示不同细节”。 一项研究中，设定某一因素不同，研究对结果的影响，设定的因素就是自变量，被影响的结果就是因变量。文中的实验研究的是缺乏睡眠是否会创造虚假记忆，结果是确实创造了虚假记忆，选项A正确。 -
第6题：
资料：We all know that lack of sleep affects our memory along with other cognitive abilities. Sitting in the office sleep deprives it’s difficult to remember your own name, let along the ever-lengthening to-do list.
But now new research shows that not getting enough sleep increases the chances your mind will actually create false memories. The study, published in Psychological Science, allowed one group of participants to get a full nights’ sleep while another had to stay up all night. In the morning they were given a series of photos that were supposed to show a crime being committed. Next, both groups were given some eyewitness statements about the crime. Like many witness statements in real-life crimes the details were different to those shown in the photographs. For example, in one instance the photo showed a thief putting a wallet in his jacket, but in the witness statement it said he put it in his pants（that's ‘trousers’ for British people not his underwear!）. Afterwards they were asked what they had seen in the original photographs. The results showed that those who'd missed out on their sleep were the most likely to regurgitate the false eyewitness statements they'd just read rather than remembering the ‘true’ crime-scene photos they'd been shown moments beforehand. The lack of sleep had messed with their heads to the extent the all the evidence—right and wrong—had got mixed up.
One of the study's authors, Kimberly Fenn, said:”People who repeatedly get low amounts of sleep every night could be more prone in the long run to develop these forms of memory distortion. It's not just a full night of sleep deprivation that puts them at risk. Indeed, a preliminary study they carried out found that getting just five hours sleep was enough to cause people to start manufacturing false memories.
Which of the following statements is true according to the article?A.full night of sleep deprivation puts people on the risk of false memory
B.Short-term lack of sleep is more likely to result in memory distortion
C.Deprivation of sleep fails to have impact on the ability to memorize list
D.Your own name will not escape you no matter how long you sleep答案：A解析：本题考查的是细节理解
【关键词】true; according to the article
【主题句】第2自然段But now new research shows that not getting enough sleep increases the chances your mind will actually create false memories. 但现在新的研究发现，得不到充足睡眠增加了大脑内创造虚假记忆的可能性。
【解析】题目意为“根据文章，以下哪一项是正确的？”选项A意为“剥夺一整晚睡眠会使人们陷入错误记忆的风险”，选项B意为“短期缺乏睡眠更有可能导致记忆失真”，选项C意为“缺乏睡眠难以影响记忆能力”，选项D意为“无论你睡多久，你都不会忘记自己的名字”， 本篇文章主要是在谈缺乏睡眠会造成记忆失真，甚至创造虚假记忆，因此选项A符合题意。