Goods of an inflammable， explosive or dangerous nature to the shipment whereof the carrier， master or agent of the carrier， has not consented， with knowledge of their nature and character， may at any time before discharge， ________ at any place or destroy

________ means any person by whom or in whose name or on whose behalf a contract of carriage of goods by sea has been concluded with a carrier， or any person by whom or in whose name or on whose behalf the goods are actually delivered to the carrier in relation to the contract of carriage of goods by sea.

A.Shipper

B.Charterer

C.Shipowner

D.Carrier

If the buyer charters a ship and sends for the goods，the transit ______ by shipment of the goods，although the seller does not know where the goods are being taken．

A.is terminated

B.is stopped

C.is not terminated

D.is not stopped

材料：

The contract of carriage of GOODs by sea is usually concluded as between the shipper and the carrier，either directly or through their respective agents．

Consequently，by virtue of the historic principle of privity of contract，only the shipper and the carrier have the right to take action against one another under the contract of carriage．The only clear exception to the rule was where the party having the right to sue assigned that right under a separate agreement to another party．

On the other hand，when GOODs are sold（as they typically are）prior to shipment，the terms of sale generally result in the risk in the GOODs passing from the seller（the shipper）to the buyer（the consignee or endorsee，in the case of a bill of lading，or the party entitled to take delivery under a waybill）when the GOODs cross the ship&39;s rail in the port of loading．

Therefore，although the law recognizes that the shipper alone has the right to sue the carrier in contract for subsequent cargo loss or damage occurring while the carrier had charge of the shipment，the shipper is not usually the party who actually suffers that loss．

Frequently，also，depending on the terms of sale，the shipper will no longer be the owner of the GOODs at the time when the loss or damage occurs，and so will be unable to sue the carrier in tort．

问题：

The contract of carriage of GOODs by sea is usually concluded as between ________．

A.the seller and the buyer

B.the shipper and the consignee or endorsee

C.the carrier and the consignee or endorsee

D.the shipper and the carrier

It is concluded ________ that only the shipper and the carrier have the right to take action against one another under the contract of carriage．A.by maritime laws

B.by a mainstay of the common law in particular

C.by virtue of the historic principle of privity of contract

D.by shipping practice

When GOODs are sold prior to shipment the risk in the GOODs passes ________．A.from the shipper to the carrier

B.from the seller to the buyer

C.from the carrier to the shipper

D.from the buyer to the seller

When GOODs are sold prior to shipment the shipper ________．A.is not usually the party who actually suffers the subsequent loss

B.is usually the party who actually suffers the subsequent loss

C.will still be the owner of the GOODs at the time when the loss or damage occurs

D.will be responsible for the loss of or damage to the cargo he shipped

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

材料：

The carrier is entitled，at port of shipment and / or port of discharge，to verify the quantity，weight，measurement and contents of the goods as declared by the merchant．If the weight，measurement，and / or contents of such goods as stated in the bill of lading turn out to be inconsistent with that of the goods actually loaded，and the freight paid falls short of the amount which would have been due if such declaration had been correctly given，the carrier is entitled to collect from the merchant as liquidated damages to the carrier double the amount of difference between the freight for the goods actually shipped and that mis-stated．The merchant shall be liable for loss of and damage to the vessel and / or goods arising or resulting from inaccuracies in stating the description，quantity，weight，measurement or contents of the goods and shall indemnify the carrier for the costs and expenses in connection with weighing，measuring and checking such goods．

问题：

A cargo of 1000 tons was actually shipped with the freight rate of US$10 per ton, but the shipper declared that it was 800 tons and the freight paid short accordingly. The carrier is entitled to claim from the shipper as liquidated damages the sum of US$ ______．

A.2000

B.8000

C.4000

D.10000

The carrier is most likely to verify ______ of the goods．A.the weight

B.the description

C.the marks

D.the damages

The purpose of this clause is to protect the interests of ______ ．A.the carrier

B.the shipper

C.the merchant

D.all the parties concerned

Damages caused by inaccuracies in stating the description，quantity，weight，measurement or contents of the goods will be responsible by ______．A.the carrier

B.the shipper

C.the owner

D.the consignee

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

材料：

The endorsement of a nonnegotiable bill does not make the bill negotiable or give the transferee any additional right．A person to whom a nonnegotiable bill has been transferred by delivery and agreement to transfer title to the bill or to the GOODs which it represents acquires the title to the GOODs as against the transferor．The transferee may also notify the carrier of the transfer to him，and the carrier is then obligated directly to the transferee for any obligations the carrier owed to the transferor immediately before the notification．

More specifically，the carrier is liable to the owner of GOODs transported under a nonnegotiable bill，subject to the right of stoppage in transit．Besides having to be the owner of the GOODs covered by the nonnegotiable bill，the claimant in such a case must have actually relied in GOOD faith on statements made by the carrier on the bill．The carrier is liable for having stated on the bill that he received GOODs when in fact he had not，and for having delivered the GOODs in a quantity，kind，weight or condition other than as stated on the bill．

In general，the carrier must deliver the GOODs on demand of the consignee named in a nonnegotiable bill of lading．However，on the endorsement of a nonnegotiable bill，the GOODs may be delivered to a party entitled to their possession．The carrier is liable toward the person having title to，or a right to possession of，the GOODs for delivering them to a party not entitled to their possession．

问题：

The endorsement of a nonnegotiable bill transfers ________．

A.the title to the GOODs from the transferor to the transferee

B.the title to the GOODs from the transferee to the transferor

C.in no way the title to the GOODs from the transferor to the transferee

D.the GOODs to the party entitled to their possession

The transferee of a nonnegotiable bill acquires the title to the GOODs ________．A.by taking delivery of the bill and entering into an agreement to transfer title to the bill or to the GOODs

B.by having the carrier actually delivered the GOODs to him

C.by having the transferor endorsed the nonnegotiable bill

D.in no way

If the GOODs were thus transferred，and the carrier delivered the GOODs in a quantity，kind，weight or condition other than as stated on the bill，________．A.he is liable

B.he is not liable

C.it can not be determined whether he is liable or not

D.whether he is liable or not is to be determined by the law of the ship’s flag

In the event of a nonnegotiable bill has been actually transferred，if the carrier stated on the bill that he received GOODs when in fact he had not，________ is liable．A.he

B.the transferor

C.the transferee

D.the person having title to，or a right to possession of，the GOODs

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

材料：

The shipper shall be deemed to have guaranteed to the carrier the accuracy at the time of shipment of the marks，number，quantity and weight，as furnished by him，and the shipper shall indemnify the carrier against all loss，damages and expenses arising or resulting from inaccuracies in such particulars．The right of the carrier to such indemnity shall in no way limit his responsibility and liability under the contract of carriage to any person other than the shipper．

Unless notice of loss or damage and the general nature of such loss or damage be given before or at the time of the removal of the GOODs into the custody of the person entitled to delivery thereof under the contract of carriage，or，if the loss or damage be not apparent，within three days，such removal shall be prima facie evidence of the delivery by the carrier of the GOODs as described in the bill of lading．

The notice in writing need not be given if the state of the GOODs has，at the time of their receipt，been the subject of joint survey or inspection．

In any event the carrier and the ship shall be discharged from all liability in respect of loss or damage unless suit is brought within one year after delivery of the GOODs or the date when the GOODs should have been delivered. In the case of any actual or apprehended loss or damage the carrier and the receiver shall give all reasonable facilities to each other for inspecting and tallying the GOODs．

问题：

It can be concluded that the purpose of this clause is to protect the interest of ________．

A.ship owners

B.shippers

C.charterers

D.the merchant

The duration of the liability of the carrier or ship in respect of loss of or damage to cargo is ________．A.one year

B.three days

C.not mentioned

D.variable with the kind of cargo carried and the voyage the vessel has completed

This clause is most likely extracted from ________．A.Hague Rules

B.Marpol 73/78

C.SOLAS

D.IMDG Code

It is provided in the clause that ________．A.the shipper shall not indemnify the carrier against all loss，damages and expenses arising or resulting from inaccuracies in particulars concerning cargoes

B.the shipper shall indemnify the carrier against no loss，damage and expense arising or resulting from inaccuracies in particulars concerning cargoes

C.the shipper shall not be deemed to have guaranteed to the carrier the accuracy at the time of shipment of the marks，number，quantity and weight，as furnished by him

D.the shipper shall be deemed to have guaranteed to the carrier the accuracy at the time of shipment of the marks，number，quantity and weight，as furnished by him

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！