Text 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. N
题目
Text 3
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
Dr. Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ________.
[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared
[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
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第1题：
Modern zoos are very different from zoos that were built fifty years ago.At that time, zoos were places (1) people could go to see animals from many parts of the world.They animals lived in cages that were made (2) Concrete with iron bars, cages that were easy to keep clean.
Unfortunately for the animals, the cages were small and impossible to hide in.the zoos environment was anything (3) natural.Al though the zoo keepers took good care of the animals and fed them well, many of the animals did not thrive: they behaved in strange ways, and they often became ill
In modern zoos, people can see animals in more natural habitats.The animals are(4)more freedom in large areas so that they can live more comfortably as they would in nature Even the appearance of zoos has changed, trees and grass grow in the cages, and streams of water flow (5) the areas that animals live in.(完型填空)
A.Of
B.But
C.Where
D.Over
E.Given
参考答案：CABED
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第2题：
In C language，functions are important because they provide a way to(69)code so that a large complex program can be written by combining many smaller parts．
A．modify
B．modularize
C．block
D．board
正确答案：B
解析：在C语言中，函数是很重要的。因为函数具有把代码模块化的功能，通过代码模块化，一个大且复杂的程序能够写成多个小程序的组合。 -
第3题：
B
In the 1500s，the camera was invented．
However，in the early 1800s people found a way to make the pictures permanent． Even then，photography was a new field． Most families had their pictures taken by photographers．People did not own cameras because taking pictures and developing the films were too difficult．In 1884 ，George Eastman invented a kind of film．lt could be put into a small camera． The new film was easy to use． So many people began to buy cameras． When they had used up their films people returned their cameras to the factory． There，the films were developed，and pictures were made． More films were put into the cameras． And they were sent back to the owners with their pictures．
Today's cameras are much easier to use． Photography has become a hot hobby， There are also many new jobs in this field，especially in news reporting． Newspapers，magazines，and tele-vision all need pictures to tell stories， Photographers help scientists by taking pictures through microscopes and telescopes． Deep-sea divers take pictures of ocean plants and animals． Astro-nauts take their cameras into space． Man finds new uses of the camera every day．
( )26． When did people find a way to make the pictures permanent?
A． In the 1500s．
B． In the 1600s．
C． In the 1700s．
D． In the 1800s．
正确答案：D
26.D【辫析】由文章第二段第一句可知． -
第4题：
The new large passenger jets have made the traffic problems at airports_______．A.more bad than it was
B.the worse than before
C.worse than ever before
D.more bad than they were答案：C解析：暂无解析 -
第5题：
共用题干
New Foods and the New World
In the last 500 years,nothing about people—not their clothes,ideas,or languages—has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians .The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500's .And although it was very expensive,it quickly became fashionable.In London,shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.
The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600,the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe,where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the“Potato Famine”of 1845—1846,and thou- sands more were forced to emigrate to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world's largest grower of coffee,and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries.But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400's.
According to an Arabic legend,coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush.He tried one and experienced the “wide-awake”feeling that one-third of the world's population now starts the day with.Coffee originally came from_______.
A:.Brazil
B: Colombia
C:Ethiopia
D: Arabia答案：C解析：细节题。第一段第一句： In the last 500 years , nothing about people—not their clothes,ideas , or languages—has changed as much as what they eat.（在过去的500年中，没有任何关于人类的东西，如他们的衣服，观点或语言，会像他们吃的食物变化那么大）同时使用比较级和否定词表示最高级，意思恰恰就是A选项的内容。
细节题。从第一段最后两句话：London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.（在伦敦，供应巧克力饮料的店铺成为了重要的聚会地点。直到今天还存在一些这样的店铺）可以推断这里的some指的就是London shops。
细节题。第二段第三句：Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “ Potato Famine ” of 1845～1846.（爱尔兰人非常依赖土豆，在1845年到1846年期间的土豆饥荒中成千上万的爱尔兰人由于土豆欠收而挨俄）。强调the crop failed , the crop即potato。 A项没有说明土豆欠收这个关键事实；B项是starve导致的结果，并非原因;C项文章并未提及。
细节题。根据第三段倒数第二句：But it is native（本土的、当地的）to Ethiopia．句中it即指coffee，意思是咖啡最早产自埃塞俄比亚。A、B项和But it is native to Ethiopia矛盾；根据第三段最后一句：Arabs最早将咖啡制作为饮品。可以推断D是错误的。
推断题。第三段最后一句：It ( coffee ) was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400's.最后一段讲述这个阿拉伯传说就是为了证明阿位伯人首先发明了咖啡这种饮品，即D选项的内容。 -
第6题：
London quickly became a flourishing port.A:major
B:large
C:successful
D:commercial答案：C解析：本句意思：伦敦很快变成了一个欣欣向荣的港口。flourishing意思是“繁荣的，欣欣向荣的”，与successful（成功的，有成就的）意思相近。major主要的；large大的；commercial商业的。 -
第7题：
Up to the end of WW II,there were（）waves of large-scale emigration to the United States.
Afour
Btwo
Cthree
DNone of the above
C
略 -
第8题：
The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries（）.
Athat were once colonies of Britain
Bthat have a large number of British immigrants
Cthat have close relations with Britain
Dthat have fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars
A
略 -
第9题：
The most important features in the growth of American economy in the early 20th cenruty were（）
- A、the use of steam and electricity as chief energy,the development of lare corporation and the development of railway
- B、the development of large corporation,urbanization and the employment in production of new technology
- C、the appearance of airplane,the use of electricity on a large scale and urbanization
- D、the rapid development of industry,railway and large cities
正确答案:B -
第10题：
单选题The problem with Elkhorn and stag horn corals lies in that _____.Athey were not much-liked by many people
Bthey were not well-known enough to be an icon
Cthey were not considered animals by many people
Dthey were not added to the list of Endangered Species
正确答案： B解析：
第二段第三句说麋角珊瑚（elkhorn coral）和小鹿角珊瑚（staghorn coral）成功地被列入了濒危物种名单，但作为标志性物种还有欠缺，因为很多人并没有意识到珊瑚是活的动物。 -
第11题：
单选题A fire _____ during the night and a large number of houses _____ to ashes.Abroke out, were burnt
Bwas broke out, were burnt
Cbroke out, burnt
Dset out, were burned
正确答案： C解析：
句意：夜里发生了一场火灾，许多房屋被烧成了灰烬。break out意为“爆发，突然发生”，不能用被动语态，因此B不对，房子被烧成灰烬是被动语态，并且前后时态要一致，此处都是过去时。 -
第12题：
单选题AThey are harmful animals.
BThey are strange animals.
CThey are attractive animals.
DThey are friendly animals.
正确答案： D解析：
录音中女士也即是采访者说到“It’s a very handsome animal, isn’t it, the fox?”，由此可知她认为狐狸是有吸引力的动物，故选C。 -
第13题：
Text 3
Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault, which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earth- quakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri.'?
Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe.
Buildings in the area were almost dest oyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground, allowing smell of sulfur to filter upward.
The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools. Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards. Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earth- quakes are shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks were stopped in Washington D.C. Scientists now know that America's two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the movement of these two masses suddenly lurches forward.
The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; at some point, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now', the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions trigger earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois.
Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but rite scientists say they have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur.
31. This passage is mainly about ______.
A) the New Madrid fault in Missouri
B) the San Andreas and the New Madrid faults
C) the causes of faults
D) current scientific knowledge about faults
正确答案：B
答案：B
[试题分析]文章主旨题。
[详细解答]从文章开头就可以看出文章的话题就是美国的两个断层，而后文也正是围绕此话题展开的，井对比了两个不同性质的断层。因此，选择答案B为正确答案。
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第14题：
In C language, functions are important because they provide a way to ______ code so that a large complex program can be written by combining many smaller parts.
A．modify
B．modularize
C．block
D．board
正确答案：B
解析：译文的含义是：在C语言中，函数是很重要的，它具有把代码()的功能，因此，一个大而复杂的程序能够由多个小程序组合而成。很显然，这里应该填的是“模块化”，英文应写为modularize，故本题应该选择B。 -
第15题：
London quickly became a flourishing port.A:successful
B:major
C:large
D:commercial答案：A解析：本句意思：伦敦很快成为一个欣欣向荣的港口。flourishing繁荣的，欣欣向荣的。 successful成功的，兴旺发达的；major主要的；large大的；commercial商业的。 -
第16题：
共用题干
New Foods and the New World
In the last 500 years,nothing about people—not their clothes,ideas,or languages—has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians .The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500's .And although it was very expensive,it quickly became fashionable.In London,shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.
The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600,the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe,where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the“Potato Famine”of 1845—1846,and thou- sands more were forced to emigrate to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world's largest grower of coffee,and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries.But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400's.
According to an Arabic legend,coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush.He tried one and experienced the “wide-awake”feeling that one-third of the world's population now starts the day with.The Arabic legend is used to prove that
A:.coffee was first discovered by Kaldi
B: coffee was first discovered by Kaldi's goats
C:.coffee was first discovered in south American countries
D: coffee drinks were first made by Arabs答案：D解析：细节题。第一段第一句： In the last 500 years , nothing about people—not their clothes,ideas , or languages—has changed as much as what they eat.（在过去的500年中，没有任何关于人类的东西，如他们的衣服，观点或语言，会像他们吃的食物变化那么大）同时使用比较级和否定词表示最高级，意思恰恰就是A选项的内容。
细节题。从第一段最后两句话：London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.（在伦敦，供应巧克力饮料的店铺成为了重要的聚会地点。直到今天还存在一些这样的店铺）可以推断这里的some指的就是London shops。
细节题。第二段第三句：Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “ Potato Famine ” of 1845～1846.（爱尔兰人非常依赖土豆，在1845年到1846年期间的土豆饥荒中成千上万的爱尔兰人由于土豆欠收而挨俄）。强调the crop failed , the crop即potato。 A项没有说明土豆欠收这个关键事实；B项是starve导致的结果，并非原因;C项文章并未提及。
细节题。根据第三段倒数第二句：But it is native（本土的、当地的）to Ethiopia．句中it即指coffee，意思是咖啡最早产自埃塞俄比亚。A、B项和But it is native to Ethiopia矛盾；根据第三段最后一句：Arabs最早将咖啡制作为饮品。可以推断D是错误的。
推断题。第三段最后一句：It ( coffee ) was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400's.最后一段讲述这个阿拉伯传说就是为了证明阿位伯人首先发明了咖啡这种饮品，即D选项的内容。 -
第17题：
共用题干
New Foods and the New World
In the last 500 years,nothing about people—not their clothes,ideas,or languages—has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians .The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500's .And although it was very expensive,it quickly became fashionable.In London,shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.
The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600,the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe,where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the“Potato Famine”of 1845—1846,and thou- sands more were forced to emigrate to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world's largest grower of coffee,and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries.But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400's.
According to an Arabic legend,coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush.He tried one and experienced the “wide-awake”feeling that one-third of the world's population now starts the day with.Thousands of Irish people starved during the“Potato Famine”because______.
A: they were so dependent on the potato that they refused to eat anything else
B: they were forced to emigrate to America
C: the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing the potato
D:.the potato harvest was bad答案：D解析：细节题。第一段第一句： In the last 500 years , nothing about people—not their clothes,ideas , or languages—has changed as much as what they eat.（在过去的500年中，没有任何关于人类的东西，如他们的衣服，观点或语言，会像他们吃的食物变化那么大）同时使用比较级和否定词表示最高级，意思恰恰就是A选项的内容。
细节题。从第一段最后两句话：London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.（在伦敦，供应巧克力饮料的店铺成为了重要的聚会地点。直到今天还存在一些这样的店铺）可以推断这里的some指的就是London shops。
细节题。第二段第三句：Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “ Potato Famine ” of 1845～1846.（爱尔兰人非常依赖土豆，在1845年到1846年期间的土豆饥荒中成千上万的爱尔兰人由于土豆欠收而挨俄）。强调the crop failed , the crop即potato。 A项没有说明土豆欠收这个关键事实；B项是starve导致的结果，并非原因;C项文章并未提及。
细节题。根据第三段倒数第二句：But it is native（本土的、当地的）to Ethiopia．句中it即指coffee，意思是咖啡最早产自埃塞俄比亚。A、B项和But it is native to Ethiopia矛盾；根据第三段最后一句：Arabs最早将咖啡制作为饮品。可以推断D是错误的。
推断题。第三段最后一句：It ( coffee ) was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400's.最后一段讲述这个阿拉伯传说就是为了证明阿位伯人首先发明了咖啡这种饮品，即D选项的内容。 -
第18题：
The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries ( )A.that speak English as their native language
B.that have a large number of British immigrants
C.that were once colonies of Britain
D.that fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars答案：C解析：考查英国政治。英联邦(Commonwealth of Nations )是一个国际组织，由53个独立主权国家(包括属地)组成，成员大多为前英国殖民地或者保护国。英联邦元首同时身兼包括英国在内的16个英联邦王国名义上的元首，此16国构成了一个现代版的共主邦联，然而英联邦元首并无实权，英国君主无权干涉各成员国内政。 -
第19题：
The most important features in the growth of American economy in the early 20th cenruty were（）
Athe use of steam and electricity as chief energy,the development of lare corporation and the development of railway
Bthe development of large corporation,urbanization and the employment in production of new technology
Cthe appearance of airplane,the use of electricity on a large scale and urbanization
Dthe rapid development of industry,railway and large cities
B
略 -
第20题：
The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries（）.
- A、that were once colonies of Britain
- B、that have a large number of British immigrants
- C、that have close relations with Britain
- D、that have fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars
正确答案:A -
第21题：
单选题The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries（）.Athat were once colonies of Britain
Bthat have a large number of British immigrants
Cthat have close relations with Britain
Dthat have fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars
正确答案： B解析： 暂无解析 -
第22题：
单选题The most important features in the growth of American economy in the early 20th cenruty were（）Athe use of steam and electricity as chief energy,the development of lare corporation and the development of railway
Bthe development of large corporation,urbanization and the employment in production of new technology
Cthe appearance of airplane,the use of electricity on a large scale and urbanization
Dthe rapid development of industry,railway and large cities
正确答案： D解析： 暂无解析 -
第23题：
单选题What did the researchers learn from the second step?AThe trees in the new forest were in different size.
BThe insects in the new forest had a different taste.
CTamarins could get used to the new environment.
DAbove 80% of tamarins survived.
正确答案： A解析：
本题是细节题。倒数第二段最后一句提到：The researchers had learned the animals could adjust to the new habitats，even if the insects there tasted a little different or the trees were a slightly different size.。这句话讲的是研究者了解到动物们可以适应新的生活环境；选项A、B中的内容分别是even if后面的两个让步状语从句，因此C为答案。