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  • 第1题:

    根据下面资料,回答题
    I′ve often wondered how exactly sleep, or lack of it, can have such an awful effect on our bodies and, guess what, how much we sleep switches good genes on and bad genes off.
    In the first half of 2013, the Sleep Research Centre at the University of Surrey found a direct link between hours spent sleeping and genes. Every cell in our bodies carries genetic instructions in our DNA that act as a kind of operating handbook. However, each cell only "reads" the part of this handbook it needs at any given moment.
    Can sleep affect how a gene reads instructions It′s a question asked by Professor Derk-Jan Dijk at the University of Surrey. He set up an experiment and asked his volunteers to spend a week sleeping around seven and a half hours to eight hours a night and the next sleeping six and a half to seven hours.
    Blood samples were taken each week to compare which genes in blood cells were being used during the long and short nights. The results were rather surprising. Several hundred genes changed in the amount they were being used, including some that are linked to heart disease, cancer, and Type 2 diabetes. Genes to do with cell repair and replacement were used much less.
    Sleep restriction (six and a half to seven hours a night) changed 380 genes. Of these,220 genes were down regulated (their power was reduced), while 160 were up regulated (their power was increased). Those affected included body-clock genes which are linked to diabetes. One of the most downgraded genes is that which has a role in controlling insulin and is linked to diabetes and insomnia. The most upgraded gene is linked to heart disease.
    So changing sleep by tiny amounts can upgrade or downgrade genes that can influence our health and the diseases we suffer from when we sleep too little.
    The important message is that getting close to eight hours of sleep a night can make a dramatic difference to our health in just a few days through the way it looks after our genes.

    Which of the following may be concluded from the passage 查看材料

    A.The experiment was performed at the University of Surrey in early 2013.
    B.Body-clock genes are associated with heart disease, cancer and Type 2 diabetes.
    C.Sleep restrictions may contribute to disease like diabetes, insomnia, and heart disease.
    D.7.5-8 hours' sleep pattern makes little difference compared with 6.5-7 hours' sleep pattern.

    答案:C
    解析:
    推断题。根据第五段内容可知,睡眠时间不足可能引起人体基因的变化,而这些基因变化可以导致人体某些病症的产生,如糖尿病、失眠症、心脏病等,故C项正确。文章第二段的第一句话中虽然提到了“In the first half of 2013”和“at the University of Surrey”.但这里指的是英国萨里大学睡眠研究中心的一项发现,而不是指后来Derk-Jan Dijk教授所进行的实验,故A项不正确。文中提到了body-clock genes(控制生物钟的基因)与糖尿病有关,并没有提到它们和其他疾病的关系,故B项不正确。根据倒数第二段“So changing sleep by tiny amounts Can upgrade or downgrade genes that Can influence our health…”及最后一段“The important message is that getting close to eight hours of sleep a night Can make a dramatic difference to our health…”可知D项不正确。故本题选C。

  • 第2题:

    共用题干
    Depression

    Everyone occasionally feels blue or sad.But these feelings are usually short-lived and pass within a couple of days.Depression is a common but serious illness.
    Major depression prevents a person from functioning normally.It interferes with a person's ability to work,sleep,study,eat,and enjoy once-pleasurable activities.Minor depression is character-ized by having symptoms for 2 weeks or longer that do not meet full criteria for major depression. Without treatment,people with minor depression are at high risk for developing major depressive disorder.
    The severity,frequency,and duration of symptoms vary depending on the individual and his or her particular illness.They include persistent sad,anxious,feelings of hopelessness,guilt,worth-lessness,or helplessness,loss of interest in activities or hobbies once-pleasurable,fatigue and decreased energy,difficulty in concentrating,remembering details,and making decisions,insomnia, early-morning wakefulness,or excessive sleeping,suicide attempts.
    Depression also may occur with other serious medical illnesses such as heart disease,stroke, cancer,HI V/AIDS,diabetes,and Parkinson's disease.
    Depression is related to a combination of genetic,biological,environmental,and psychological factors.Research indicates that depressive illnesses are disorders of the brain.Brain-imaging tech-nologies,such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),have shown that the brains of people who have depression look different than those of people without depression.Some types of depression tend to run in families.In addition,trauma,loss of a loved one,a difficult relationship,or any stressful situation may trigger a depressive episode.
    Biological,life cycle,hormonal,and psychosocial factors that women experience may be related to women's higher depression rate.For example,women are especially vulnerable to developing postpartum depression after giving birth.Besides,during the transition into menopause,some women experience an increased risk for depression.It is still unclear,though,why some women faced with enormous challenges develop depression,while others with similar challenges do not.

    The symptoms of depression,besides fatigue,may include__________.
    A:feelings of guilt or worthlessness
    B:developing postpartum depression after giving birth
    C:going through a transition into menopause
    D:symptoms for 2 weeks that is slightly different from major depression
    E:his family member has depression too
    F: heart disease,stroke,cancer,HIV/AIDS,diabetes,and Parkinson's disease

    答案:A
    解析:
    本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是抑郁症分为几种类型。
    本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是抑郁有哪些征兆和症状。
    本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是造成抑郁的原因有哪些。
    本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是女性患抑郁症的感受和体验是怎样的。
    本题考查的是对文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段第二句:轻微抑郁的特点是2周或2周以上呈现不完全符合严重抑郁的相关症状。
    本题考查的是对文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第三段第二句:症状包括持续悲伤、焦虑,感到绝望、罪恶感、一无是处或无助。
    本题考查的是对文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第五段倒数第二句:有些种类的抑郁症趋向于家族遗传。
    本题考查的是对文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第六段第三句:向更年期过渡时,一些女性得抑郁症的风险会增高。

  • 第3题:

    共用题干
    Depression

    Everyone occasionally feels blue or sad.But these feelings are usually short-lived and pass within a couple of days.Depression is a common but serious illness.
    Major depression prevents a person from functioning normally.It interferes with a person's ability to work,sleep,study,eat,and enjoy once-pleasurable activities.Minor depression is character-ized by having symptoms for 2 weeks or longer that do not meet full criteria for major depression. Without treatment,people with minor depression are at high risk for developing major depressive disorder.
    The severity,frequency,and duration of symptoms vary depending on the individual and his or her particular illness.They include persistent sad,anxious,feelings of hopelessness,guilt,worth-lessness,or helplessness,loss of interest in activities or hobbies once-pleasurable,fatigue and decreased energy,difficulty in concentrating,remembering details,and making decisions,insomnia, early-morning wakefulness,or excessive sleeping,suicide attempts.
    Depression also may occur with other serious medical illnesses such as heart disease,stroke, cancer,HI V/AIDS,diabetes,and Parkinson's disease.
    Depression is related to a combination of genetic,biological,environmental,and psychological factors.Research indicates that depressive illnesses are disorders of the brain.Brain-imaging tech-nologies,such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),have shown that the brains of people who have depression look different than those of people without depression.Some types of depression tend to run in families.In addition,trauma,loss of a loved one,a difficult relationship,or any stressful situation may trigger a depressive episode.
    Biological,life cycle,hormonal,and psychosocial factors that women experience may be related to women's higher depression rate.For example,women are especially vulnerable to developing postpartum depression after giving birth.Besides,during the transition into menopause,some women experience an increased risk for depression.It is still unclear,though,why some women faced with enormous challenges develop depression,while others with similar challenges do not.

    If a person has a certain type of depression,it is likely that_________.
    A:feelings of guilt or worthlessness
    B:developing postpartum depression after giving birth
    C:going through a transition into menopause
    D:symptoms for 2 weeks that is slightly different from major depression
    E:his family member has depression too
    F: heart disease,stroke,cancer,HIV/AIDS,diabetes,and Parkinson's disease

    答案:E
    解析:
    本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是抑郁症分为几种类型。
    本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是抑郁有哪些征兆和症状。
    本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是造成抑郁的原因有哪些。
    本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是女性患抑郁症的感受和体验是怎样的。
    本题考查的是对文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段第二句:轻微抑郁的特点是2周或2周以上呈现不完全符合严重抑郁的相关症状。
    本题考查的是对文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第三段第二句:症状包括持续悲伤、焦虑,感到绝望、罪恶感、一无是处或无助。
    本题考查的是对文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第五段倒数第二句:有些种类的抑郁症趋向于家族遗传。
    本题考查的是对文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第六段第三句:向更年期过渡时,一些女性得抑郁症的风险会增高。

  • 第4题:

    共用题干
    Depression

    Everyone occasionally feels blue or sad.But these feelings are usually short-lived and pass within a couple of days.Depression is a common but serious illness.
    Major depression prevents a person from functioning normally.It interferes with a person's ability to work,sleep,study,eat,and enjoy once-pleasurable activities.Minor depression is character-ized by having symptoms for 2 weeks or longer that do not meet full criteria for major depression. Without treatment,people with minor depression are at high risk for developing major depressive disorder.
    The severity,frequency,and duration of symptoms vary depending on the individual and his or her particular illness.They include persistent sad,anxious,feelings of hopelessness,guilt,worth-lessness,or helplessness,loss of interest in activities or hobbies once-pleasurable,fatigue and decreased energy,difficulty in concentrating,remembering details,and making decisions,insomnia, early-morning wakefulness,or excessive sleeping,suicide attempts.
    Depression also may occur with other serious medical illnesses such as heart disease,stroke, cancer,HI V/AIDS,diabetes,and Parkinson's disease.
    Depression is related to a combination of genetic,biological,environmental,and psychological factors.Research indicates that depressive illnesses are disorders of the brain.Brain-imaging tech-nologies,such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),have shown that the brains of people who have depression look different than those of people without depression.Some types of depression tend to run in families.In addition,trauma,loss of a loved one,a difficult relationship,or any stressful situation may trigger a depressive episode.
    Biological,life cycle,hormonal,and psychosocial factors that women experience may be related to women's higher depression rate.For example,women are especially vulnerable to developing postpartum depression after giving birth.Besides,during the transition into menopause,some women experience an increased risk for depression.It is still unclear,though,why some women faced with enormous challenges develop depression,while others with similar challenges do not.

    Some women experience an increased risk for depression when_________.
    A:feelings of guilt or worthlessness
    B:developing postpartum depression after giving birth
    C:going through a transition into menopause
    D:symptoms for 2 weeks that is slightly different from major depression
    E:his family member has depression too
    F: heart disease,stroke,cancer,HIV/AIDS,diabetes,and Parkinson's disease

    答案:C
    解析:
    本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是抑郁症分为几种类型。
    本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是抑郁有哪些征兆和症状。
    本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是造成抑郁的原因有哪些。
    本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是女性患抑郁症的感受和体验是怎样的。
    本题考查的是对文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段第二句:轻微抑郁的特点是2周或2周以上呈现不完全符合严重抑郁的相关症状。
    本题考查的是对文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第三段第二句:症状包括持续悲伤、焦虑,感到绝望、罪恶感、一无是处或无助。
    本题考查的是对文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第五段倒数第二句:有些种类的抑郁症趋向于家族遗传。
    本题考查的是对文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第六段第三句:向更年期过渡时,一些女性得抑郁症的风险会增高。

  • 第5题:

    共用题干
    Depression

    Everyone occasionally feels blue or sad.But these feelings are usually short-lived and pass within a couple of days.Depression is a common but serious illness.
    Major depression prevents a person from functioning normally.It interferes with a person's ability to work,sleep,study,eat,and enjoy once-pleasurable activities.Minor depression is character-ized by having symptoms for 2 weeks or longer that do not meet full criteria for major depression. Without treatment,people with minor depression are at high risk for developing major depressive disorder.
    The severity,frequency,and duration of symptoms vary depending on the individual and his or her particular illness.They include persistent sad,anxious,feelings of hopelessness,guilt,worth-lessness,or helplessness,loss of interest in activities or hobbies once-pleasurable,fatigue and decreased energy,difficulty in concentrating,remembering details,and making decisions,insomnia, early-morning wakefulness,or excessive sleeping,suicide attempts.
    Depression also may occur with other serious medical illnesses such as heart disease,stroke, cancer,HI V/AIDS,diabetes,and Parkinson's disease.
    Depression is related to a combination of genetic,biological,environmental,and psychological factors.Research indicates that depressive illnesses are disorders of the brain.Brain-imaging tech-nologies,such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),have shown that the brains of people who have depression look different than those of people without depression.Some types of depression tend to run in families.In addition,trauma,loss of a loved one,a difficult relationship,or any stressful situation may trigger a depressive episode.
    Biological,life cycle,hormonal,and psychosocial factors that women experience may be related to women's higher depression rate.For example,women are especially vulnerable to developing postpartum depression after giving birth.Besides,during the transition into menopause,some women experience an increased risk for depression.It is still unclear,though,why some women faced with enormous challenges develop depression,while others with similar challenges do not.

    If a person suffers from minor depression,he may have________.
    A:feelings of guilt or worthlessness
    B:developing postpartum depression after giving birth
    C:going through a transition into menopause
    D:symptoms for 2 weeks that is slightly different from major depression
    E:his family member has depression too
    F: heart disease,stroke,cancer,HIV/AIDS,diabetes,and Parkinson's disease

    答案:D
    解析:
    本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是抑郁症分为几种类型。
    本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是抑郁有哪些征兆和症状。
    本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是造成抑郁的原因有哪些。
    本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是女性患抑郁症的感受和体验是怎样的。
    本题考查的是对文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段第二句:轻微抑郁的特点是2周或2周以上呈现不完全符合严重抑郁的相关症状。
    本题考查的是对文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第三段第二句:症状包括持续悲伤、焦虑,感到绝望、罪恶感、一无是处或无助。
    本题考查的是对文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第五段倒数第二句:有些种类的抑郁症趋向于家族遗传。
    本题考查的是对文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第六段第三句:向更年期过渡时,一些女性得抑郁症的风险会增高。