Passage Four(36~40) One of Britain’s bravest women told yesterday how she helped to catch suspected (可疑的) police killer David Bieber—and was thanked with flowers by the police. It was also said that she could be in line for a share of up to the ￡30,000 re
题目
Passage Four(36~40) One of Britain’s bravest women told yesterday how she helped to catch suspected (可疑的) police killer David Bieber—and was thanked with flowers by the police. It was also said that she could be in line for a share of up to the ￡30,000 reward money。
Vicki Brown, 30, played a very important role in ending the nationwide manhunt. Vicki, who has worked at the Royal Hotel for four years, told of her terrible experience when she had to steal into Bieber’s bedroom and to watch him secretly. Then she waited alone for three hours while armed police prepared to storm the building。
She said: “I was very nervous. But when I opened the hotel door and saw 20 armed policemen lined up in the car park I was so glad they were there. ”
The alarm had been raised because Vicki became suspicious (怀疑) of the guest who checked in at 3 pm the day before New Year’s Eve with little luggage and wearing sunglasses and a hat pulled down over his face. She said: “He didn’t seem to want to talk too much and make any eye contact (接触). ” Vicki, the only employee on duty, called her boss Margaret, 64, and husband Stan McKale, 65, who phoned the police at 11 pm。
Officers from Northumbria Police called Vicki at the hotel in Dunston, Gateshead, at about 11:30 pm to make sure that this was the wanted man. Then they kept in touch by phoning Vicki every 15 minutes。
“It was about ten past two in the morning when the phone went again and a policeman said ’Would you go and make yourself known to the armed officers outside?’ My heart missed a beat. ”
Vicki quietly showed eight armed officers through passages and staircases to the top floor room and handed over the key。
“I realized that my bedroom window overlooks that part of the hotel, so I went to watch. I could not see into the man’s room, but I could see the passage. The police kept shouting at the man to come out with his hands showing. Then suddenly he must have come out because they shouted for him to lie down while he was handcuffed (带上手铐). ”
第36题：The underlined phrase “be in line for” (paragraph 1) means 。
A. get B. be paid C. ask for D. own
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第1题：
C
They wear the latest fashions with the most up-to-date accessorise(配饰)。Yet these are ginrls in their teens or twenties but women in their sixties and seventies.A gengration which would once only wear old-fashioned clothes is now faouring the same high street looks worn by those half their age.
Professor Julia Twigg, a social policy expert , said ,“Wimen over 75 are now shopping for clothes more frequently than they old when they were young in the 1960s .In the 1960s buying a coat for a woman was a serious matter . It was an expensive item that they would puechase only every three or four years — now you can pick one up at the supernnackrt whosever you wish to .Fashion is a lot cheaper and peope fet tired of things more quickiy . ”
Fashion designer Angela Barnard ,who runs own fashion business in London ,said older women were much more affected celebrity(名流) style. than in previous years .
She said ,“When people see stars such as Judi Dench and Helen Mirren looking attractive and fashionable in their sixties ,they want to follow them . Older women are much more aware of celebrities .There’s also the boom in TV programmes showing people how they can change theiy look,and many of my older customers do roga to stay in shape well in their fifties . When I started my business a fen years ago .my older customers wended to be very rich, but now they are what I would call ordinary women .My own mother is 61 and she wears the latest fashions in a way she would caill ordinsry women .My own mother is 61 and she wears the latest fashions in a way she would never have done ten yeare ago.”
59. Professor Twigg found that ,compared with the 1960s,_______.
A. the price of clothes has generally fallen by 70%
B. the spending on clothes has increased by 5% or 6%
C. people spend 30% less than they did on cotothes
D. the amount of chothes bought has risen by 5% or 6%
正确答案：A
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第2题：
David Bieber was most probably handcuffed in 。
A. the passage B. the man’s room
C. Vicki’s bedroom D. the top floor room
正确答案：A事实细节题。根据最后一段Vicki 说 “I could not see into the man’s room, but I could see the passage. … Then suddenly he must have come out because they shouted for him to lie down while he was handcuffed (带上手铐). ” -
第3题：
请阅读Passage l。完成第21—25小题。
Passage 1
It's one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has never seen a cat before, it is still able to detect chemical signals released from it and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wired into a mouse s brain.
But now Wendy Ingram, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, has challenged this common sense. She has found a way to"cure" mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite, reported the science journal Nature.
The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the shocking fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans, especially pregnant women--it is linked to blindness and the death of unborn babies.
However, the parasite's effects on mice are unique. Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat's urine(尿) before and after it was infected by the parasite. They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the test area.
But that's not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally thought—even after researchers cured the mice of the infection. They no longer reacted with fear to a cat's smell,which could indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice's brains.
Why does a parasite change a mouse's brain instead of making it sick like it does to humans?
The answer lies in evolution.
"It's exciting scary to know how a parasite can manipulate a mouse's brain this way," Ingram said. But she also finds it inspiring."Typically if you have a bacterial infection, you go to a doctor and take antibiotics and the infection is cleared and you expect all the symptoms to also go away."
She said, but this study has proven that wrong."This may have huge implications for infectious disease medicine."
The experiment found that mice infected with toxoplasma gondii__________.
查看材料A．stayed far away from cat's urine
B．moved around the area freely and tearlessly
C．because more sensitive to cat's smell
D．were more afraid of cats答案：B解析：根据文章第四段“They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite Walked freely around the test area．”可知，受到寄生虫感染的老鼠能够自由随意地在测试区域周围走动．故选B。 -
第4题：
请阅读Passage l，完成第小题。
Passage 1
Jatenderpal Singh Bhullar, 25, is a guardsman in Britain. On Dec 11, 2012, he became the first Indian soldier to parade outside Buckingham Palace. He said wearing a turban instead of the famous bearskin was "the best moment of his life".
The historical day came as the UK's 2011 census was published. It shows nearly one in seven of the population in 2011 were foreign-born.
The increase in the number of immigrants in the country is especially obvious in London. For the first time in history fewer than half the population of London described themselves as "White British".
The top source of new immigrants to the country is India. Many other immigrants are from Poland, Pakistan, Ireland and Germany.
One major reason for the explosion in the foreign-born population is the accession of 12 countries in the central and eastern Europe to the EU, giving them the right to live and work in the UK, said the office for National statistics, which was responsible for the census.
For many immigrants the UK tends to be a good place for life and work. Kissy Meyer, 25,moved to Nottingham from Germany in 2007.
"The UK is a great place to live because everyone is so sociable. Apart from the heavy drinking, I love the outgoing lifestyle." She told The Sun.
The census results also suggested the English language could be a barrier for immigrants trying to integrate into British society. In 91 percent of households, English is the main language spoken. However, in four percent of British families, no one is brought up speaking English.
"Britain needs to do more to help integrate its immigrant population," the Labor leader Ed Miliband said in a speech in London on Dec 14, 2012.
The future labor government would make proficiency in the English language a key priority,seeking to achieve what he calls a "connected nation" rather than a "segregated one".
"We can only converse if we can speak the same language, so if we are going to build one nation, we need to start with everyone in Britain knowing how to speak English," he said.
The writer's attitude towards the help to make immigrants speak English is__________.
查看材料A．negative
B．neutral
C．positive
D．biased答案：B解析：A项表示“消极的”，B项表示“中立的”，C项表示“积极的”，D项表示“有偏见的”。通读全文可知，作者的态度一直是中立的。故选B。 -
第5题：
请阅读Passage l，完成第小题。
Passage 1
Jatenderpal Singh Bhullar, 25, is a guardsman in Britain. On Dec 11, 2012, he became the first Indian soldier to parade outside Buckingham Palace. He said wearing a turban instead of the famous bearskin was "the best moment of his life".
The historical day came as the UK's 2011 census was published. It shows nearly one in seven of the population in 2011 were foreign-born.
The increase in the number of immigrants in the country is especially obvious in London. For the first time in history fewer than half the population of London described themselves as "White British".
The top source of new immigrants to the country is India. Many other immigrants are from Poland, Pakistan, Ireland and Germany.
One major reason for the explosion in the foreign-born population is the accession of 12 countries in the central and eastern Europe to the EU, giving them the right to live and work in the UK, said the office for National statistics, which was responsible for the census.
For many immigrants the UK tends to be a good place for life and work. Kissy Meyer, 25,moved to Nottingham from Germany in 2007.
"The UK is a great place to live because everyone is so sociable. Apart from the heavy drinking, I love the outgoing lifestyle." She told The Sun.
The census results also suggested the English language could be a barrier for immigrants trying to integrate into British society. In 91 percent of households, English is the main language spoken. However, in four percent of British families, no one is brought up speaking English.
"Britain needs to do more to help integrate its immigrant population," the Labor leader Ed Miliband said in a speech in London on Dec 14, 2012.
The future labor government would make proficiency in the English language a key priority,seeking to achieve what he calls a "connected nation" rather than a "segregated one".
"We can only converse if we can speak the same language, so if we are going to build one nation, we need to start with everyone in Britain knowing how to speak English," he said.
Which statement about Kissy Mayer is TRUE?
查看材料A．She loved the lifestyle in the UK.
B．She was a journalist of The Sun.
C．She moved from Nottingham in 2007.
D．She thought everyone in the UK is too sociable.答案：A解析：A项说她喜欢英国的生活方式，符合文章内容；B项说她是《太阳报》的记者，文中没有提及．C项说她2007年从诺丁汉搬走．实际上是她2007年从德国搬到了诺丁汉，D项说她认为英国每个人都太友善了．而原文的意思是“英国是一个生活的好地方．因为每个人都很友好”。故选A。 -
第6题：
共用题干
Pop Music in Africa
Young musicians in African countries are creating a new kind of pop music. The tunes and the rhythms of their music combine African traditions with various forms of music popular today,such as hip-hop,rap,rock,jazz,or reggae. The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world,but at the same time is distinctly African. It is different also in another way:Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today.
Eric Wainaina is one of these African musicians.He grew up in Nairobi,Kenya,in a family of musicians.As a teenager,he listened to pop music from the United States,and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music. Now he has produced a CD in Kenya. Eric's most popular song,“Land of‘A Little Something’”is about Kenya's problem of bribery,or paying others for illegal favors.He wants people to listen to his songs and think about how to make Kenya a better place to live.
Another musician who writes serious songs is Witness Mwaijaga from Tanzania. Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women. At the age of fifteen she lost her home,but she was luckier than other homeless young people. She could make a living by writing songs and singing on the street. By the time she was eighteen years old,She had become a star. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania,especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women.
Baaba Maal,from Senegal,also feels that pop music must go beyond entertainment. He says that in Senegal,storytellers have alwaysbeen important people. In the past,they were the ones who kept the history of their people alive. Baaba believes that songwriters now have a similar responsibility. They must write about the world around them and help people understand how it could be better. The words of his songs are important,in fact.They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans,as well as the rights of women,love for one's family, and saving the environment.
One of South Africa's most popular musicians is Brenda Fassie. She is sometimes compared to Madonna,the American pop star,because she likes to shock people in her shows. But she also likes to make people think. She became famous in the 1980s for her simple pop songs against apartheid. Now that apartheid has ended,her songs are about other issues in South African culture and life. To sing about these,she uses local African languages and a new pop style called kwaito.
In recent years,people outside of Africa have also begun to listen to these young musici-ans. Through music,the younger generation of Africans are connecting with the rest of the world and,at the same time,influencing the rest of the world.This passage is about how African pop music is______.
A:.usually about love and romance
B: more serious than most pop music
C: popular with young people in Africa
D: mostly written just for entertainment答案：B解析：题干意为“非洲流行音乐的不同之处……”。该题为细节题，利用题干及备选项中的名词及名词短语作为定位线索，因为备选项中出现了大量修饰词，所以在查找相关句 的过程中同时关注这些修饰词：usually, more serious, most(pop music), mostly。这样在第一段中找到相关句：Young musicians in African countries are creating a new kind of pop mu-sic .The tunes and the rhythms of their music combine African traditions with various forms of music popular（与popular music呼应）today, such as hip-hop, rap, rock, jazz, or reggae. The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world,but at the same time is distinctly African. It（指上文中提到的African pop music) is different also in another way:Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today．相关句（带下划线的句子）意为“这种音乐（指非洲流行音乐）在另一方面也有所不同：很多音乐有着严肃的主题，与当今非洲重要的社会问题和政治问题相关”，由 此可知非洲流行音乐比一般的流行音乐更严肃，因此答案为B。A项“通常主题涉及爱和浪漫”和D项“大部分是作为娱乐音乐”与短文内容不一致：短文说非洲流行音乐主题严肃。C 项“在非洲的年青人中受欢迎”是短文中未提及的信息。
题干意为“对于非洲以外的人来说，非洲流行音乐给他们的感觉是……”。该题为细节题，利用题干及备选项中的名词及名词短语作为定位线索，因为备选项中出现了大量 修饰词，所以在查找相关句的过程中同时关注这些修饰词：same, usually, interesting, entirely strange, familiar, different。这样在第一段中找到相关句：Young musicians in African countries are creating a new kind of pop music（与题干中的African pop music呼应）.The tunes and the rhythms of their music combine African traditions with various forms of music popular today,such as hip-hop,rap,rock,jazz,or reggae. The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world,but at the same time is distinctly African. It is different also in another way:Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today．相关句（带下划线的句子）说“这样就使这种音乐（非洲流行音乐）让世界各地的听者都觉得很熟悉，而它又是典型的非洲音乐，这种音乐在另一方面也有所不同”，由此可知非洲流行音乐既让人感到熟悉，又有着不同的地 方，因此答案为D项“既熟悉又不同”。 -
第7题：
Laura was married for 6 months．Her husband was using drugs．She didn't want her son or her unborn baby to live that way,but she was afraid to ask her husband to leave．She left him a note instead．After reading the note,Laura's husband waited for her to come home and then beat her and her son.
Laura had little education and she never had a good paying job．She was ashamed to ask for help from the police,courts or women's shelters．Sometimes her husband was very nice to her．She decided to try harder so her children could have a home and a father．Laura joined a church and told a priest about her problem.
But her husband kept using drugs and hurting the family．Finally,she told her husband she loved him,but they should live apart for a while．He beat her again．The priest came over to talk to her．He asked the husband to go out for a while．Laura packed up her things and left home with her son．The next day she lost the baby．Her husband went to jail.
Laura got a lot of help from groups that help women who have been beaten．Now she is in college,has her own apartment and works on special projects at a women's shelter．"We got out,and it changed life for me and my child．You can do it．You can break the cycle,"Laura said.
Laura didn't go to the police or courts because__.A.she was afraid of being laughed at
B.the priest asked her not to do so
C.her husband was a nice guy
D.she was not well-educated答案：A解析：从第二段可知，她没有受过什么教育，也从来没有过像样的工作。她的思想还是比较封闭的。因此她认为向警察、法院以及妇女避难所寻求帮助是件羞耻的事。 -
第8题：
共用题干
A Heroic Woman
The whole of the United States cheered its latest hero,Ashley Smith,with the Federal Bureau of investigation saying it was planning to give a big reward to her for having a brave heart and wise mind.
__________(46)She was moving into her apartment in Atlanta,Georgia early on the morning of March 12,when a man followed her to her door and put a gun to her side."I started walking to my door,and I felt really,really afraid,"she said in a TV interview last week.The man was Brian Nichols , 33. He was suspected of killing three people at an Atlanta courthouse（法院）on March 11 and later of killing a federal agent.__________(47)
Nichols tied Smith up with tape,but released her after she repeatedly begged him not to take her life."I told him if he hurt me,my little girl wouldn't have a mummy,"she said.In order to calm the man down,she read to him from"The Purpose-Driven Life",a best-selling religious book. He asked her to repeat a paragraph"about what you thought your purpose in life was一what talents were you given."________(48)
"I basically just talked to him and tried to gain his trust,"Smith said.
Smith said she asked Nichols why he chose her."He said he thought I was an angel sent from God,and we were Christian sister and brother,"she said."And that he was lost,and that God led him to me to tell him that he had hurt a lot of people."_________(49)She said Nichols was surprised when she made him breakfast and that the two of them watched television coverage（报道）of the police hunt for him."I cannot believe that's me,"Nichols told the woman.Then,Nichols asked Smith what she thought he should do.She said,"I think you should turn yourself in.If you don't, lots more people are going to get hurt."
Eventually,he let her go.__________(50)A U.S. $60,000 reward had been posted for Nichols' capture. Authorities said they did not yet know if Smith would be eligible（有资格的）for that money.__________（46）
A:The local police were searching for him.
B: Smith is a 26-year-old single mother with a daughter.
C:Smith tried very hard to kill Nichols.
D:She even cooked breakfast for the man before he allowed her to leave.
E:And the two of them discussed this topic.
F: Then she called the police.答案：B解析：本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。这一段是对事件发生的背景介绍，选项B介绍了当事人的年龄和身份，因此B是正确选项。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解。这一段是对事件发生的背景介绍，上一句是“3月11日他在亚特兰大法院被怀疑杀害了三个人，后来又被认为谋害了一名联邦特工”，只有选项A“当地警方正调查他”符合内容的街接。因此选A。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解。上一句是“他让她重复其中一段‘关于所思考的生活目的和赋予的才能”,，而选项中只有E和这一句内容相关。因此选E。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解。下一句是“她说看到为他做早饭，Nichols很惊讶”，因此上一句应该是有关Smith为Nichols做早饭的内容。因此选D。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解。下文是“官方不确定Smith 是否有资格领取这笔钱”，说明Smith做了对警方有利的工作，因此选项F" Smith报了警”是正确的。 -
第9题：
Eleanor Roosevelt was the wife of America′s 32nd president,Franklin Roosevelt.She helped her husband in?many ways during his long（21）life.She also became one of the most（22）women in America.She fought for?equal rights for all people.
Eleanor was born in New York City in 1884.Her family had great wealth.But Eleanor did not have a happy（23）.Her parents died when she was very young.She was raised by her grandmother.Eleanor（24）that as a?child,her greatest happiness came from helping others.
tn the early 1900s,many people were worried about the problems of（25）people who came to America in（26）of a better life.Eleanor could not（27）how people lived in such poor conditions while she and some others?had so much（28）.
After she finished school,Eleanor began（29）children to read and write in one of the poorest areas of New?York City.She also looked into（30）where workers were said to be badly（31）.She saw little children of four?and five years old working until they（32）to the floor.She became involved（参与）with other women who（33）the same ideas about improving social conditions.
Franklin Roosevelt began（34）Eleanor when he was in New York.They got（35）in 1905.In the next eleven?years,they had six children.The Roosevelts moved to Washington D.C.in 1913.
第（32）题选A.dropped
B.run
C.jumped
D.sank答案：A解析： -
第10题：
It′s that time of the yea—graduation.The end of school year is nearly in sight,and it′s an especially big deal if?you′re finishing high school or college.
One amazing（令人惊叹的）16-year-old Florida girl,Grace Bush,graduated from both high school and college this week!She actually got her college diploma（毕业证书）before her high school diploma.How′d she do that?
"Hard work and dedication（专心致志）,"she told a local TV news station,"have made me succeed in doing high school and college at the same time."She started taking college courses when she was just 13.She would often?get up at 5:30 a.m.and not finish until after 11 p.m.
Doing both at once is a huge achievement,but it has also helped her family save money.She′s one of the 9?children,all home-schooled until the age of 13.Her father is a math professor while her mother is a part-time history?teacher in a high school.Grace Bush has earned her college degree in law,with a near perfect GPA of 3.8 and she?hopes to become a lawyer one day,although her parents expect her to teach at university.By the way,she also plays?basketball in her college team in her spare time.
Which of the following is the key to Grace′s success?A.Taking college courses at 13.
B.Doing high school and college at the same time.
C.Being born in a professor's family.
D.Being devoted to her studies.答案：D解析： -
第11题：
单选题According to the passage, women’s working _____.Ahas resulted in a closer family tie
Bhas helped their family financially
Chas caused more problems than before
Dhas adversely affected their family life
正确答案： B解析：
第四段说女性有工作的权利并不应该意味着夫妻或家人没有时间见面。而四分之一有未成年子女的家庭面临的处境却是总有一位家长要上夜班，主要是因为照顾孩子的问题。 -
第12题：
问答题Read the passage carefully to find the answers for Questions 1 to 5. Answer each question in a maximum of 10 words. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet. Questions 1to 5are based on the following passage. In many businesses, computers have largely replaced paperwork, because they are fast, flexible, and do not make mistakes. As one banker said, “Unlike humans, computers never have a bad day.” And they are honest. Many banks advertise that their transactions are “untouched by human hands” and therefore safe from human temptation (诱惑). Obviously, computers have no reason to steal money. But they also have no conscience (良知), and the growing number of computer crimes shows they can be used to steal. Computer criminals don’t use guns. And even if they are caught, it is hard to punish them because there are no witness and often no evidence. A computer cannot remember who used it: it simply does what it is told. The head teller at a New York bank used a computer to steal more than one and a half billion dollars in just four years. No one noticed this theft because he moved the money from one account to another. Each time a customer he had robbed questioned the balance in his account, the teller claimed a computer error, then replaced the missing money from someone else’s account. This man was caught only because he was a gambler. When the police broke up an illegal gambling operation, his name was in the records. Some employees use the computer’s power to get revenge (报复) on their employers they consider unfair. Recently, a large insurance company fired its computer-tape librarian for reasons that involved her personal rather than her professional life. She was given thirty days notice. In those thirty days, she erased all the firm’s computerized records. Most computer criminals have been minor employees. Now police wonder if this is “the tip of the iceberg”. As one official says, “I have the feeling that there is more crime out there than we are catching. What we are seeing now is all so poorly done. I wonder what the real experts are doing—the ones who know how a computer works.” Questions:1．What is the passage mainly about? 2．Why did many banks claim the transactions to be safe? 3．How did the bank teller cover up his crime? 4．What must the librarian do thirty days after she received the notice? 5．What is the difference between computer criminals and ordinary criminals?正确答案：
1.Computer crimes. / Computer criminals. 本文主要讲述的是借助计算机实施的犯罪行为。
2.Because they are untouched by human hands / are handled by computers. 由文章第一段可知,人们普遍认为不经人手的操作(或电脑操作)是非常安全的,因为他们觉得这样可排除由于人抵不住诱惑而犯错。
3.By claiming a computer error. 由第二段中间部分Each time a customer he had robbed questioned the balance in his account, the teller claimed a computer error…可知,出纳员用计算机错误来掩饰他的罪行。
4.Leave her job. / Quit her work. 第三段提到Recently, a large insurance company fired its computer-tape librarian…She was given thirty days notice.。the librarian被公司开除了,也就意味着她要离开她的工作岗位或停止工作。
5.the computer criminals don’t use guns. 根据文章第二段第一句话可知,计算机犯罪和一般犯罪的区别在于前者不使用枪,即使他们被抓住了也很难找到证人或证据。解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
Vicki became suspicious of David Bieber because 。
A. the police called her
B. he looked very strange
C. he came to the hotel with little luggage
D. he came to the hotel the day before New Year’s Eve
正确答案：B事实细节题。 第四段“The alarm had been raised because Vicki became suspicious (怀疑) of the guest who checked in at 3 pm the day before New Year’s Eve with little luggage and wearing sunglasses and a hat pulled down over his face. ” She said: “He didn’t seem to want to talk too much and make any eye contact (接触). ”中综述了Vicki认为的所有的疑点，选项C和D只是片面的。 -
第14题：
请阅读Passage l。完成第21—25小题。
Passage 1
It's one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has never seen a cat before, it is still able to detect chemical signals released from it and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wired into a mouse s brain.
But now Wendy Ingram, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, has challenged this common sense. She has found a way to"cure" mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite, reported the science journal Nature.
The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the shocking fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans, especially pregnant women--it is linked to blindness and the death of unborn babies.
However, the parasite's effects on mice are unique. Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat's urine(尿) before and after it was infected by the parasite. They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the test area.
But that's not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally thought—even after researchers cured the mice of the infection. They no longer reacted with fear to a cat's smell,which could indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice's brains.
Why does a parasite change a mouse's brain instead of making it sick like it does to humans?
The answer lies in evolution.
"It's exciting scary to know how a parasite can manipulate a mouse's brain this way," Ingram said. But she also finds it inspiring."Typically if you have a bacterial infection, you go to a doctor and take antibiotics and the infection is cleared and you expect all the symptoms to also go away."
She said, but this study has proven that wrong."This may have huge implications for infectious disease medicine."
The passage is mainly about__________.
查看材料A．mice' s inborn terror of cats
B．the evolution of Toxoplasma
C．a new study about the effects of a parasite on mice
D．a harmful parasite called Toxoplasma gondii答案：C解析：根据文章第二段“She has found a way t0‘cure’mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite。reported the science iournal Nature．”可知，Berkeley发现了一种通过让老鼠感染寄生虫来改变它们天生害怕猫的方法。文章下面的内容也都是围绕着这个新发现来阐述的．故选C。 -
第15题：
请阅读Passage l，完成第小题。
Passage 1
Jatenderpal Singh Bhullar, 25, is a guardsman in Britain. On Dec 11, 2012, he became the first Indian soldier to parade outside Buckingham Palace. He said wearing a turban instead of the famous bearskin was "the best moment of his life".
The historical day came as the UK's 2011 census was published. It shows nearly one in seven of the population in 2011 were foreign-born.
The increase in the number of immigrants in the country is especially obvious in London. For the first time in history fewer than half the population of London described themselves as "White British".
The top source of new immigrants to the country is India. Many other immigrants are from Poland, Pakistan, Ireland and Germany.
One major reason for the explosion in the foreign-born population is the accession of 12 countries in the central and eastern Europe to the EU, giving them the right to live and work in the UK, said the office for National statistics, which was responsible for the census.
For many immigrants the UK tends to be a good place for life and work. Kissy Meyer, 25,moved to Nottingham from Germany in 2007.
"The UK is a great place to live because everyone is so sociable. Apart from the heavy drinking, I love the outgoing lifestyle." She told The Sun.
The census results also suggested the English language could be a barrier for immigrants trying to integrate into British society. In 91 percent of households, English is the main language spoken. However, in four percent of British families, no one is brought up speaking English.
"Britain needs to do more to help integrate its immigrant population," the Labor leader Ed Miliband said in a speech in London on Dec 14, 2012.
The future labor government would make proficiency in the English language a key priority,seeking to achieve what he calls a "connected nation" rather than a "segregated one".
"We can only converse if we can speak the same language, so if we are going to build one nation, we need to start with everyone in Britain knowing how to speak English," he said.
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
查看材料A．The Historical Day
B．Results of a Census
C．Diversity in Britain
D．Immigrants Problems答案：C解析：选项A、B、D在文章中都有涉及，而它们也正好说明了英国的多样性。故选C。 -
第16题：
请阅读Passage l。完成第21—25小题。
Passage 1
It's one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has never seen a cat before, it is still able to detect chemical signals released from it and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wired into a mouse s brain.
But now Wendy Ingram, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, has challenged this common sense. She has found a way to"cure" mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite, reported the science journal Nature.
The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the shocking fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans, especially pregnant women--it is linked to blindness and the death of unborn babies.
However, the parasite's effects on mice are unique. Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat's urine(尿) before and after it was infected by the parasite. They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the test area.
But that's not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally thought—even after researchers cured the mice of the infection. They no longer reacted with fear to a cat's smell,which could indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice's brains.
Why does a parasite change a mouse's brain instead of making it sick like it does to humans?
The answer lies in evolution.
"It's exciting scary to know how a parasite can manipulate a mouse's brain this way," Ingram said. But she also finds it inspiring."Typically if you have a bacterial infection, you go to a doctor and take antibiotics and the infection is cleared and you expect all the symptoms to also go away."
She said, but this study has proven that wrong."This may have huge implications for infectious disease medicine."
The author's attitude towards the experiment is__________.
查看材料A．positive
B．subjective
C．negative
D．objective答案：D解析：在整篇文章中，作者都是在客观地叙述Wendy Ingram的新发现。故选D。 -
第17题：
请阅读Passage l。完成第21—25小题。
Passage 1
It's one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has never seen a cat before, it is still able to detect chemical signals released from it and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wired into a mouse s brain.
But now Wendy Ingram, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, has challenged this common sense. She has found a way to"cure" mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite, reported the science journal Nature.
The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the shocking fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans, especially pregnant women--it is linked to blindness and the death of unborn babies.
However, the parasite's effects on mice are unique. Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat's urine(尿) before and after it was infected by the parasite. They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the test area.
But that's not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally thought—even after researchers cured the mice of the infection. They no longer reacted with fear to a cat's smell,which could indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice's brains.
Why does a parasite change a mouse's brain instead of making it sick like it does to humans?
The answer lies in evolution.
"It's exciting scary to know how a parasite can manipulate a mouse's brain this way," Ingram said. But she also finds it inspiring."Typically if you have a bacterial infection, you go to a doctor and take antibiotics and the infection is cleared and you expect all the symptoms to also go away."
She said, but this study has proven that wrong."This may have huge implications for infectious disease medicine."
The underlined part "hard-wired" in Paragraph 1 probably means__________.
查看材料A．deeply rooted
B．quickly changed
C．closely linked
D．deeply hurried答案：A解析：文章第一段指出老鼠即使没有见过猫也是会害怕的，可推断出这是天生就刻在老鼠脑子里的一种行为。deeplv rooted“深深根植于”符合文章想要表达的意思．故选A。 -
第18题：
根据下面资料，回答
Jatenderpal Singh Bhullar,25, is a guardsman in Britain. On Dec. I 1,2012, he became the first Indian soldier to parade outside Buckingham Palace. He said wearing a turban instead of the famous bearskin was "the best moment of his life". The historical day came as the UK′s 2011 census was published. It shows nearly one in seven of the population in 2011 were foreign born.
The increase in the number of immigrants in the country is especially obvious in London. For the first time in history fewer than half the population of London described themselves as "White British".
The top source of new immigrants to the country is India. Many other immigrants are from Poland, Pakistan, Ireland and Germany.
One major reason for the explosion in the foreign-born population is the accession of 12 countries in the central and eastern Europe to the EU, giving them the right to live and work in the UK, said the office for National statistics, which was responsible for the census.
For many immigrants the UK tends to be a good place for life and work. Kissy Meyer,25, moved to Nottingham from Germany in 2007.
"The UK is a great place to live because everyone is so sociable. Apart from the heavy drinking, I love the outgoing lifestyle." She told The Sun.
The census results also suggested the English language could be a barrier for immigrants trying to integrate into British society. In 91 percent of households, English is the main language spoken. However, in four percent of British families, no one is brought up speaking English.
"Britain needs to do more to help integrate its immigrant population," the Labor leader Ed Miliband said in a speech in London on Dec 14,2012.
The future labor government would make proficiency in the English language a key priority, seeking to achieve what he calls a "connected nation" rather than a "segregated one".
"We can only converse if we can speak the same language, so if we are going to build one nation, we need to start with everyone in Britain knowing how to speak English," he said.
Which statement about Kissy Mayer is True?A.She loved the lifestyle in the UK.
B.She was a journalist of The Sun.
C.She moved from Nottingham in 2007.
D.She thought everyone in the UK is too sociable.答案：A解析：细节题。A项说她喜欢英国的生活方式，符合文章内容；B项说她是《太阳报》的记者，文中没有提及：C项说她2007年从诺丁汉搬走，实际上是她2007年从德国搬到了诺丁汉；D项说她认为在英国每个人都非常善于交际，而原文的意思是“英国是一个生活的好地方，因为每个人都很友好”。因此正确答案为A。 -
第19题：
Laura was married for 6 months．Her husband was using drugs．She didn't want her son or her unborn baby to live that way,but she was afraid to ask her husband to leave．She left him a note instead．After reading the note,Laura's husband waited for her to come home and then beat her and her son.
Laura had little education and she never had a good paying job．She was ashamed to ask for help from the police,courts or women's shelters．Sometimes her husband was very nice to her．She decided to try harder so her children could have a home and a father．Laura joined a church and told a priest about her problem.
But her husband kept using drugs and hurting the family．Finally,she told her husband she loved him,but they should live apart for a while．He beat her again．The priest came over to talk to her．He asked the husband to go out for a while．Laura packed up her things and left home with her son．The next day she lost the baby．Her husband went to jail.
Laura got a lot of help from groups that help women who have been beaten．Now she is in college,has her own apartment and works on special projects at a women's shelter．"We got out,and it changed life for me and my child．You can do it．You can break the cycle,"Laura said.
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.Husband-Wife Relationship
B.Women's Rights
C.Laura's Marriage
D.Family Violence答案：D解析：整篇文章讲的是丈夫吸毒并对妻子、孩子使用暴力。因此，“家庭暴力”应是最合适的标题。 -
第20题：
共用题干
第一篇
Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer
British women are happy nowadays to wear mini-skirts up until the age of 40,according to research by
Debenhams.
Just 20 years ago,few wonien would dare to wear a mini-skirt after the age of 33,the store said."
shows that women now have an increasing confidence in their bodies and are happy to dress accordingly,"
added in a statement."If' this trend continues,thlere's no doubt that,within the next decade,women in the
mid 40s and early 50s will rightly regard a mini-skirt as an essential part of their everyday wardrobe."
The figures emerged when the store exanjined the latest age profile of women buying short,36-cm skir
over the past six months. Their results show that it has jumped from an average age of 36-year-old at the sta
of millennium to 40 today.Figures from 1980 showed that on average women stopped buying minis when the
reached 33 years old一a figure unchanged from the mid-1960s.
The store noted that experts believe that the popularity of intensive gym culture,providing women with
well toned bodies for longer may be the reason.The increasing number of British women living on their own
may also be a factor.
The Debenhams'study showed that a modern woman's love affair with a mini-skirt begins at the age of
14 but that she doesn'tbuy her first one until the age of 16.Instead,she flouts school rules by rolling up the
waistband of the school uniform to give the impression of wearing a mini-skirt.
Skirts get shorter between the ages of 16 and 19,reducing in size from 46 to 36 cm before reaching their
shortest,a mere 32 cm,at the age of 23.Skirt length increases slightly between the ages of 23 and 27,rising
to 37 cm,possibly due to girls being in their first stable relationship,with no desire to attract attention,the
store said.
However,it found short skirts suddenly zoom in popularity between the ages of 27 and 34,as those early
relationships break down,and new relationships are formed.The move into longer skirts begins irreversibly
40 years old,when 46-cm skirts,still slightly above the knee are the norm.From then on,skirt length increases
dramatically,falling below the knee for the very first time since school days at the age of 42.According to the passage,British women are happy to wear mini-skirts up until an old age because of ti following reasons EXCEPT_________.
A:women are'more and more confident in their bodies
B:women nowadays pay much more attention to body building,and this provides them with well ton。 bodies to wear mini-skirts
C:the climate of Great Britain is getting warmer in recent years,thus women can wear minis for a longer time
D:more and more women are now living on their own答案：C解析：由文章第二段的第一句话可知，Dehenhams是一个百货公司的名称。
本题为细节测试题。从文章第二段第二句“It shows that women now have an increasingconfidence in their bodies and are happy to dress accordingly,”可知A项是正确的。从文章第四段“The store noted that experts believe that the popularity of intensive舒m culture,providing women with well toned bodies for longer may be the reason.The increasing number of British women living on their。wn may also be a factor.”意思是因为人们越来越自信，注意健身保持体形，以及女性生活更加独立。可得知B项和D项正确，而C项气候变暖不是文中所说的原因之一。故选C。
本题为细节测试题。第三段最后一句话“Figures from 1980 showed that on average women stopped buying minis when they reached 33 years old——a figure unchanged from the mid-1960s."，可知，从20世纪60年代开始一直到80年代，调查都显示女性到33岁之后就停止购买超短裙了。所以D项符合原义。
由文章倒数第二段的内容可知，从23岁开始，女性所穿的超短裙的长度从32厘米逐渐增至37厘米，主要是因为在这个阶段她们普遍有了第一次稳定的恋爱关系。
zoom的意思是“急速增长”，与soar（猛增）意思相近。decrease下降；hold steady保持稳定；drop降低。 -
第21题：
It′s that time of the yea—graduation.The end of school year is nearly in sight,and it′s an especially big deal if?you′re finishing high school or college.
One amazing（令人惊叹的）16-year-old Florida girl,Grace Bush,graduated from both high school and college this week!She actually got her college diploma（毕业证书）before her high school diploma.How′d she do that?
"Hard work and dedication（专心致志）,"she told a local TV news station,"have made me succeed in doing high school and college at the same time."She started taking college courses when she was just 13.She would often?get up at 5:30 a.m.and not finish until after 11 p.m.
Doing both at once is a huge achievement,but it has also helped her family save money.She′s one of the 9?children,all home-schooled until the age of 13.Her father is a math professor while her mother is a part-time history?teacher in a high school.Grace Bush has earned her college degree in law,with a near perfect GPA of 3.8 and she?hopes to become a lawyer one day,although her parents expect her to teach at university.By the way,she also plays?basketball in her college team in her spare time.
What do Grace′s parents want her to be in future?A.A news reporter.
B.A basketball player.
C.A university teacher.
D.A lawyer.答案：C解析： -
第22题：
David injured his leg playing football yesterday. Really?（）
- A、Who did that?
- B、What's wrong with him?
- C、How did that happen?
- D、Why was he so careless?
正确答案:C -
第23题：
单选题“You ______ have a wrong number,” she said. “There’s no one of that name here.”Aneed
Bcan
Cmust
Dwould
正确答案： C解析：
句意：她说：“你肯定打错电话了，这儿没有你说的那个人”。表示十分肯定推测，要用must。故答案是C项。