共用题干 第三篇Animal Testing ControversyTo paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that an
题目
共用题干
第三篇
Animal Testing Controversy
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals一no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way一in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was nee-- ded to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own re-search.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
第三篇
Animal Testing Controversy
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals一no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way一in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was nee-- ded to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own re-search.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is________.
A:a well-known humanist
B:a medical practitioner
C:an enthusiast in animal rights
D:a supporter of animal research
A:a well-known humanist
B:a medical practitioner
C:an enthusiast in animal rights
D:a supporter of animal research
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更多“共用题干 第三篇Animal Testing ControversyTo paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that an”相关问题
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第1题：
共用题干
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but youmight not be a good reader.Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologistshave two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.Thesepsychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on alltests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelli-gent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.
Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured,other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathematical,spatial, musical , interpersonal , intrapersonal , body-kinesthetic（身体动觉的）, and naturalistic.Gardner be1ieves that______.
A:all children are alike
B:children should take one intelligence test
C:there is no general intelligence
D:children have different intelligences答案：D解析：本文主要论述的是心理学家们对智力所持有的不同看法，并通过实验观察来证明其观点，因此本文的主要内容就是如何来理解智力，故选D。
文章的第三段和第四段是关于general intelligence的论述。由第三段第二句“These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.”可知，本题应选D。
由文章第五段第二句可知，Gardner认为所有的孩子都是不同的，不能用同一种智力测试来判断，故选D。
由文章第五段最后一句可知，Gardner认为学校的目的应该是提倡学生各方面智力的全面发展，故选B。
由文章最后一段第一句话可知，Gardner认为他的理论是以生物学为根据的，故选B。 -
第2题：
共用题干
第二篇
Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people.Shy people are anxious and self-conscious;that is,they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions.Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds.What kind of impression am I taking? Do they like me?Do I look stupid?Am I wearing attractive clothes?
It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely.A person's self-concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves,and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions.In general,the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.
Shy people,having low self-esteem,are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing"the right thing".Shy people are very sensitive to criticism;they feel it confirms their inferiority.They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliments because they believe they are unworthy of praise.A shy person may respond to a compliment with a statement like this one,"you are just saying that to make me feel good.I know it's not true."It is clear that,while self-awareness is a healthy quality,overdoing it is harmful.
Can shyness be completely eliminated,or at least reduced?Fortunately,people can overcome shyness with determined and patient effort in building self-confidence.Since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self-esteem,it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their their strengths.For example,most people would like to be"A"student in every subject. It is not fair for them to label themselves inferior because they have difficulty in some areas.People's expectations of themselves must be realistic.Living on the impossible leads to a sense of inadequacy.
Each one of us is a unique,worthwhile individual. We are interested in our own personal ways.The better we understand ourselves,the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.Let's not allow shyness to block our chances for a rich and fullfilling life.According to the writer,self-awareness is______.
A:harmful to people
B:a weak point of shy people
C:the cause of unhappiness
D:a good quality答案：D解析：本题是综合阅读能力考查题。选项A'‘羞涩的人的特点”；选项B“导致羞涩的原因”；选项C“羞涩的人头脑中的问题”；选项D“羞涩对人的影响”。综观全文可知，答案为A。
本题是综合阅读能力考查题。原文是“有自我意识是个好的品质，但过度就有害了”。选项A“对人们有害”；选项B“羞涩的人的弱点”；选项C“导致不快乐的原因”;选项D“好的品质”。因此可知答案为D。
本题是细节考查题。题目问：害羞的人怎么回应别人对他的表扬。原文是“他们同样也很难从赞扬中感到满足，因为感觉名不符实，他们对表扬的回复往往是‘你这么说是为了让我感觉好些，我知道这不是真的”,，诸如此类。由此可知答案为B。
本题是综合阅读能力考查题。题目问：以下哪一项不能帮助害羞的人克服羞涩感。选项A'‘建立自信”；选项B“接受自己的优势和劣势”；选项C“现实一些”；选项D “树立更高的目标”。综合全文可知，答案为D。
本题是综合阅读能力考查题。选项A“羞涩有助于我们挖掘全部潜力”; 选项B“羞涩让我们更好地理解自己”；选项C“羞怯感妨碍我们拥有丰富的人生”；选项D“羞涩与缺乏自信无关”。由本文最后一句可知，答案为C。 -
第3题：
共用题干
Music and Driving
Listening to loud music while driving can seriously hamper reaction times and cause accidents,new research suggests.
A Canadian study found people took up to 20% longer to perform physical and mental tasks to loud music .If motorists were delayed that long at the wheel they could suffer a fatal crash, warned the RAG Foundation,a British motoring organization.Edmund King,the RAC
Foundation's executive director,said the study showed that"not only is loud music a nuisance to other,it could also be the cause of accidents".
Earlier research by the RAG Foundation found drivers were twice as likely to skip a red light while listening to music.In the Canadian study volunteers carried out tasks while listening to levels of noise varying from 53 decibels(equivalent to an office environment)to 95 decibels(equivalent to an oil rig).Researchers found reactions to be significantly decreased at higher noise levels for both physical and mental work.At 95 decibels reaction times to tasks that involve decision making plummeted（骤然减少）by 20%.Edmund King said:" The findings of the Canadian study are bad news for decibel-loving drivers,as they prove that not only is loud music a nuisance to others,it could also be the cause of accidents on the roads."Drivers are at even greater risk if they listen to music with a pounding beat rather than more relaxed tunes,according to experts.
Conrad King,consultant psychologist to the foundation,said:"It is important that drivers choose their music carefully when driving,as up-tempo music has been shown to cause drivers to have double the amount of accidents as those listening to slower music."In general,if music is ahove 60 beats per minute,listeners experience a faster rate and increased blood pressure."It doesn't matter if you listen to opera,classical or the latest rave music.It's the speed of the beat that counts."Edmund King believes that loud music will do no harm to drivers.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：B解析：本题给出的信息是正确的。在文章第二段第一句话中提到“... people took up to 20% longer to perform physical and mental tasks to loud music.”由此可见，只要听着声音较大的音乐，无论是进行体力劳动还是脑力劳动大约都会多花费20%的时间。
本题给出的信息是错误的。在文章第二段最后一句话中提到了埃德蒙·金的观点" not only is loud music a nuisance to others , it could also be the cause of accidents"，由此可见，吵闹的音乐不光会影响到别人，还会导致车祸，所以他并不认为大声的音乐时驾驶员没有害处。
文章没有谈到这方面的信息。文章中只在最后一段提到“if music is above 60 beats per minute , listeners experience a faster heart rate and increased blood pressure.”如果每分钟音乐的节拍超过60下，听者就会感到心跳加速和血压增高。全文没有任何地方提到了喧闹的音乐是否会造成心脏病发作。
本题给出的信息是错误的。在第三段中提到：" At 95 decibels reaction times to tasks that involve decision making plummeted by 20% .”。只要抓住这一细节，即可得出答案。由这句话可以知道，减少的幅度是20%而不是53%。
文章没有谈到这方面的信息。全文完全没有提到爵士乐这种音乐形式，只提到了节奏感较强以及较为轻松的音乐。
本题给出的信息是正确的。文章最后一段开头就提到了康拉德·金，他说：" It is important that drivers choose their music carefully when driving.”并指出了需要慎重选择音乐的原因。
本题给出的信息是正确的。文章最后一句话指出：" It's the speed of the beat thatcounts.”这里count意思是“重要”，所以我们很容易得出结论，音乐节拍的速度是一个重要的衡量标准。 -
第4题：
共用题干
第三篇
Generation Gap
A few years ago,it was fashionable to speak of a generation gap,a division between young people and
their elders.Parents complained that children did not show them proper respect and obedience,while children
complained that their parents did not understand them at all.What had gone wrong?Why had the generation
gap suddenly appeared?Actually,the generation gap has been around for a long time.Many critics argue
that it is built into the fabric of our society.
One important cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own
life styles.In more traditional societies,when children grow up,they are expected to live in the same area
as their parents,to marry people that their parents know and approve of,and often to continue the family occupation.
In our society,young people often travel great distances for their education,most out of the family home at
an early age,marry or live or choose occupations different from those of their parents.
In our upwardly mobile society,parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find
better jobs,to make more money,and to do all the things that they were unable to do.Often,however,the
ambitions that parents have for their children are another cause of the division between them.Often they dis-
cover that they have very little in common with each other.
Finally,the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the
generations.In a traditional culture,elderly people are valued for their wisdom,but in our society the
knowledge of a lifetime may become obsolete overnight.
The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds,separated by different skills and abilities.
No doubt,the generation gap will continue to be a feature of American life for some time to come.Its causes
are rooted in the freedoms and opportunities of our society,and in the rapid pace at which society changes.Which one is NOT the cause of the generation gap?
A:Young people like to choose their own life styles.
B:American society is changing very fast.
C:Parents place high hopes on their children.
D:Modern education makes them think differently.答案：D解析：由文章第一段最后一句话“Many critics argue that it is built into the fabric of our society", 可知很多评论家认为代沟问题是美国社会的组成部分。故选B。
around的意思是“围绕；在……附近”，在文章中是指代沟问题已经存在了一段时间，故选D。
文章中提到三个原因。由第二段第一句话，可知选项A年轻人喜欢选择他们自己的生活方式是代沟形成的原囚之一。由文章第三段第一句话，可知选项C父母对子女的高期望也是代沟形成的原因之一。由文章第四段第一句话，可知选项B美国社会的快速发展是代沟形成的原因之一。故选D。
由文章倒数第二段“The young and the old seeni to live in two very different worlds, separa-ted by different skills and abilities"，可知年轻人和老年人由于技术和能力的不同被分隔在两个不同的世界里。故选D。
文章中没有提到代沟问题该如何解决，仅仅提到代沟形成的原因，所以可以排除A、B、 D。 C项说代沟问题在某种程度上说是由老一代造成的，是正确的。 -
第5题：
共用题干
第三篇
Generation Gap
A few years ago,it was fashionable to speak of a generation gap,a division between young people and
their elders.Parents complained that children did not show them proper respect and obedience,while children
complained that their parents did not understand them at all.What had gone wrong?Why had the generation
gap suddenly appeared?Actually,the generation gap has been around for a long time.Many critics argue
that it is built into the fabric of our society.
One important cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own
life styles.In more traditional societies,when children grow up,they are expected to live in the same area
as their parents,to marry people that their parents know and approve of,and often to continue the family occupation.
In our society,young people often travel great distances for their education,most out of the family home at
an early age,marry or live or choose occupations different from those of their parents.
In our upwardly mobile society,parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find
better jobs,to make more money,and to do all the things that they were unable to do.Often,however,the
ambitions that parents have for their children are another cause of the division between them.Often they dis-
cover that they have very little in common with each other.
Finally,the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the
generations.In a traditional culture,elderly people are valued for their wisdom,but in our society the
knowledge of a lifetime may become obsolete overnight.
The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds,separated by different skills and abilities.
No doubt,the generation gap will continue to be a feature of American life for some time to come.Its causes
are rooted in the freedoms and opportunities of our society,and in the rapid pace at which society changes.The word"around"in paragraph one means________.
A:on all sides
B:in every direction
C:near
D:in existence答案：D解析：由文章第一段最后一句话“Many critics argue that it is built into the fabric of our society", 可知很多评论家认为代沟问题是美国社会的组成部分。故选B。
around的意思是“围绕；在……附近”，在文章中是指代沟问题已经存在了一段时间，故选D。
文章中提到三个原因。由第二段第一句话，可知选项A年轻人喜欢选择他们自己的生活方式是代沟形成的原囚之一。由文章第三段第一句话，可知选项C父母对子女的高期望也是代沟形成的原因之一。由文章第四段第一句话，可知选项B美国社会的快速发展是代沟形成的原因之一。故选D。
由文章倒数第二段“The young and the old seeni to live in two very different worlds, separa-ted by different skills and abilities"，可知年轻人和老年人由于技术和能力的不同被分隔在两个不同的世界里。故选D。
文章中没有提到代沟问题该如何解决，仅仅提到代沟形成的原因，所以可以排除A、B、 D。 C项说代沟问题在某种程度上说是由老一代造成的，是正确的。 -
第6题：
共用题干
第三篇
Animal Testing Controversy
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals一no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way一in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was nee-- ded to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own re-search.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's________
A:discontent with animal research
B:ignorance about medical science
C:indifference to epidemics
D:anxiety about animal rights答案：B解析：第一段中间提到“Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates...”意思是科学家们需要采取行动回应这些动物权利的鼓吹者。这实际上就是一个呼吁，所以答案应该是A。
第一段最后一句说，被误导的人们“听到医学实验残忍对待动物的指控时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物”。第二段举了被误导女士的例子，她反对用动物来做研究。第三段最后一句，这些人认为“动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍”。A 内容不完整。inevitable：不可避免的；vicious：危险的，所以选项B正确。
该例子中，慈祥的妇人“encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals”，至于疫苗，如果来自动物她也抵制，认为流行病自有科学家们用计算机来解决。由此可见老人对科学的无知。第二段最后一句感叹“这些好心人根本就不明白”，所以答案为B。
根据关键词“challenge from animal rights advocates”以及“scientists should”, 可以在最后两段中找出作者向科学家们提出的建议都有助于他们与公众更好的交流。很明显选项A合理，选项B、C、D在文中没有提到，不正确。
最后一段“Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients...Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research”。从这句话我们知道，Cooper是个名人，也是患者，他曾经高度赞扬过动物研究的价值。由此可以推断他是支持动物研究的，正确答案是D。 -
第7题：
共用题干
第三篇
Animal Testing Controversy
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals一no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way一in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was nee-- ded to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own re-search.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.The author believes that,in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates,scientists should________.
A:communicate more with the public
B:employ hi-tech means in research
C:feel no shame for their cause
D:strive to develop new cures答案：A解析：第一段中间提到“Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates...”意思是科学家们需要采取行动回应这些动物权利的鼓吹者。这实际上就是一个呼吁，所以答案应该是A。
第一段最后一句说，被误导的人们“听到医学实验残忍对待动物的指控时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物”。第二段举了被误导女士的例子，她反对用动物来做研究。第三段最后一句，这些人认为“动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍”。A 内容不完整。inevitable：不可避免的；vicious：危险的，所以选项B正确。
该例子中，慈祥的妇人“encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals”，至于疫苗，如果来自动物她也抵制，认为流行病自有科学家们用计算机来解决。由此可见老人对科学的无知。第二段最后一句感叹“这些好心人根本就不明白”，所以答案为B。
根据关键词“challenge from animal rights advocates”以及“scientists should”, 可以在最后两段中找出作者向科学家们提出的建议都有助于他们与公众更好的交流。很明显选项A合理，选项B、C、D在文中没有提到，不正确。
最后一段“Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients...Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research”。从这句话我们知道，Cooper是个名人，也是患者，他曾经高度赞扬过动物研究的价值。由此可以推断他是支持动物研究的，正确答案是D。 -
第8题：
共用题干
Are You a Successful Leader?
1 Almost nothing we do in this world is done in isolation.At work or at play,you'll find yourself in
groups,working with other people:your team at work,a meeting with colleagues,your family,a holiday with
friends,a group of students working together,a day out walking in the mountains,a group of neighbours want-
ing to make changes.It is now recognized that being able to work successfully with other people is one of the
major keys to success,partly because we need to do it so often.
2 In almost every situation where you're in a group,you will need a skilled leader. All groups need
leaders and all successful groups have good leaders.Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost
always break down. Members of a leaderless group often begin to feel dissatisfied and frustrated.Time is wasted
and the tasks are not achieved.There are often arguments and tensions between people as there is nobody to
keep the goals clear. Some personalities dominate and others disappear. Often group members begin not to
come to meetings in order to avoid more disharmony.
3 Some people are natural leaders.The celebrity chef,Antonio Carluccio says,"True leaders are born
and you can spot them in kitchens."They're people who combine toughness,fairness and humour. Although
a lot of people agree that there are some natural-born leaders,most people now recognize that leadership can
also be taught.Our professional and experienced staff can train almost anyone how to be a successful leader.
Good leaders don't make people do things in a bossy,controlling way.You can learn how to involve everyone,
encouraging the whole group to work towards a common goal.
4 Our training courses use activities and techniques to develop a range of qualities which are necessary
to be a good leader. Seff-confidence is vital and being able to overcome your own fears about being a leader.
Successful leaders also need to be calm and intelligent.They need to be able to work out good strategies and
make sound judgements under pressure.Lastly,and probably most importantly,good leaders need to be sensi-
tive,sociable and be able to get on with a wide range of people.Good leadership is essentially the ability to
influence others and good leaders allow all members of the group to contribute.One of the major keys to success is________.
A:the ability to work with others
B:encouraging group members
C:lack of good leaders
D:bossing people around
E:working out good strategies
F: overcoming fears about being a leader答案：A解析：由第一段主题句“Almost nothing we do in this world is done in isolation”可知任何事情都不是我们单独完成的，即people are in groups。
由第二段第一句“.You will need a skilled leader"，在此skilled相当于good。
由第三段倒数第二句中的“train almost anyone to be successful leader”可知培训可以造 就好的领导人才。
第四段主要讲的是好的领导应有各种不同的才能。故选A。
由第一段最后一句“…being able to work successfully with other people is one of the majorkeys to success...”可知选A。
由第二段第三句“Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost always break down", 可知选C。
从第三段倒数第二句“don't make people do things in a bossy, controlling way"，可知好的 领导不以发号施令和控制的方式让人做事，故选D。
由第四段第二句“Self-confidence is vital and being able to overcome your own fears about being a leader"，可知自信很重要，它可以帮你克服成为领导的恐惧。故选F。 -
第9题：
共用题干
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psy- chologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.
Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes
that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelli- gences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelli- gences.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathe- matical , spatial , musical , interpersonal , intrapersonal , body-kinesthetic（身体动觉的）,and naturalistic.Gardner thinks that his theory has a______.
A:biological foundation
B:musical foundation
C:intrapersonal foundation
D:linguistic foundation答案：A解析：本文主要论述的是心理学家们对智力所持有的不同看法，并通过实验观察来证明自己的观点，因此本文的主要内容就是如何来理解智力，故选C。
文章的第三段和第四段是关于generalintelligence的论述。由第三段第二句“Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.”可知，本题应选A。
由文章第五段第二句可知，Gardner认为所有的孩子都是不同的，不能用同一种智力测试来判断，故选B。
由文章第五段最后一句可知，Gardner认为学校的目的应该是提倡学生各方面智力的全面发展，故选D。
由文章最后一段第一句的内容可知，Gardner认为他的理论是以生物学为根据的，故选A。第二篇本文主要介绍的内容为工人和工厂运营管理之间的关系。本文观点支持工人在公司的管理中享有发言权，并对此进行分析，表明此举可以增加工人的劳动积极性，对公司具有积极意义。 -
第10题：
共用题干
Changes in Museums
Museums have changed.They are no longer places that one"should"visit;they are places to enjoy and learn.
At a science museum in Ontario,Canada,you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body.At the Metropolitan（大城市的）Museum of Art in New York City , you can look at the seventeenth century instruments while listening to their music.At New York's American Museum of Natural History recently,you can help make a bone-by- bone reproduction of the museum's dinosaur（恐 龙）,a beast that lived 200 million years ago.
More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing.In many science museums,for example,there are no guided tours.The visitor is encouraged to touch,listen,operate,and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science.The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it,and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage.
One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time.Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population.Many of these young people are college students or college graduates.Leon F.Twiggs,a young black professor of art once said,"They see things in a new and different way.They are not satisfied to stand and look at works of art;they want art they can participate（参加）in."The same is true of science and history.People can afford to get into the modern museums since they have more time now.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：第二段中提到，人们在博物馆中可以感受头发直立、聆听古老乐器的演奏，以及帮忙制作恐龙模型等。第三段第三句又提到，参观者被鼓励去触摸、聆听、操作和做实验等。由此可知，人们在博物馆中，可以参与很多活动。
第二段最后一句提到，最近在美国的自然历史博物馆，你可以帮忙制作恐龙模型，这只是表明美国自然历史博物馆最近开办了这项活动，并不是说美国自然历史博物馆最近才开放。
根据第三段的第二句和第三句可知，博物馆鼓励参观者去触摸，去聆听，去操控，去做实验等。
根据第三段第三、四句可知，博物馆所做的这些努力，就是想让参观者从自身体验中获得科学知识，对科学的世界不再感到陌生。
全篇文章并未提到所有的科学博物馆是否是免费开放的。
根据第四段第一句可知，导致这些变化（包括更多人去博物馆）的原因之一就是人们有了更多的财富和业余时间。
根据第四段倒数第二句可知，大多数年轻人喜欢他们可以参与其中的艺术。 -
第11题：
填空题Why is divorce in Australia now easy? Because all one has to do is change one’s ____正确答案： civil status解析：
在澳大利亚，法律已取消了离婚这一条款，离婚只是简单地改变一下身份的问题。也就是说离婚已变得很容易。 -
第12题：
填空题Some people do believe that smoking will (certain) ____ cause lung cancer.正确答案： certainly解析：
本题考查词性转换。句意：一些人相信吸烟确实能导致肺癌。原句不缺少成分，故此处应为副词，因此填入certain的副词形式certainly，表示“无疑地、确定地”。 -
第13题：
共用题干
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but youmight not be a good reader.Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologistshave two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.Thesepsychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on alltests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelli-gent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.
Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured,other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathematical,spatial, musical , interpersonal , intrapersonal , body-kinesthetic（身体动觉的）, and naturalistic.According to Gardner,schools should
A:test students'IQs
B:promote development of all intelligences
C:train students who do poorly on tests
D:focus on finding the most intelligent students答案：B解析：本文主要论述的是心理学家们对智力所持有的不同看法，并通过实验观察来证明其观点，因此本文的主要内容就是如何来理解智力，故选D。
文章的第三段和第四段是关于general intelligence的论述。由第三段第二句“These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.”可知，本题应选D。
由文章第五段第二句可知，Gardner认为所有的孩子都是不同的，不能用同一种智力测试来判断，故选D。
由文章第五段最后一句可知，Gardner认为学校的目的应该是提倡学生各方面智力的全面发展，故选B。
由文章最后一段第一句话可知，Gardner认为他的理论是以生物学为根据的，故选B。 -
第14题：
共用题干
第三篇
The Body Thieves
In the early nineteenth century in Britain,many improvements were being made in the
world of medicine.Doctors and surgeons were becoming more knowledgeable about the
human body.Illnesses that had been fatal a few years before were now curable.However,
surgeons had one problem.They needed dead bodies to cut up,or dissect（解剖）.This
was the only way that they could learn about the flesh and bones inside the body,and the
only way to teach new surgeons to carry out operations.
The job of finding these dead bodies was carried out by an unpleasant group of people
called "body snatchers". They went into graveyards（墓地）at night and, using wooden
shovels to make less noise,dug up any recently buried bodies.Then they took the bodies
to the medical schools and sold them.A body could be sold for between ￡5 and ￡10,
which was a lot of money at that time.The doctors who paid the body snatchers had an
agreement with them一they never asked any questions.They did not desire to know where
the bodies came from,as long as they kept arriving.
The most famous of these body snatchers were two men from Edinburgh called William
Burke and Wil!iam Hare.Burke and Hare were different because they did not」ust dig up
bodies from graveyards.They got greedy and thought of an easier way to find bodies.
Instead of digging them up,they killed the poorer guests in Hare's small hotel.Dr Knox,
the respected surgeon they worked for,never asked why all the bodies they brought him
had been strangled（勒死）.
For many years Burke and Hare were not caught because,unsurprisingly,the bodies
of their victims were never found by the police.They were eventually arrested and put on
trial in 1829.The judge showed mercy to Hare and he was released but Burke was found
guilty and his punishment was to be hanged.Appropriately,his body was given to the
medical school and he ended up on the dissecting table,just like his victims.In one small
way，justice was done.
Now,over 1 50 years later,surgeons do not need the help of criminals to learn their
skills.However,the science of surgery could not have developed without their rather
gruesome（令人毛骨惊然的）help.Burke and Hare differed from other body snatchers in that
A:they got other people to dig up bodies for them.
B: they sold the bodies only to one surgeon.
C: they dug up bodies not just from graveyards.
D: they resorted to murder to get bodies.答案：D解析： -
第15题：
共用题干
第二篇
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.
Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal,body-kinesthetic （身体动觉的）, and naturalistic.Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?
A:People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.
B:Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.
C:Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.
D:Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.答案：A解析：本文主要讲述了心理学家们对如何理解智力的不同见解，提出了对智力理解的两种观点——一般智力和多种智力，以及Gardner对智力的观点和看法。
文章标题即为理解智力的方式。第二段也明确地表明心理学家对于智力、天赋以及个人能力的观点各抒己见。对此主要有两种不同观点，一些人认为只有一种普遍存在的智力，还有一些人认为存在许多不同种类的智力。故选C。
由文章第三段第二句话“…concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.”可知，坚持一般智力观点的一些心理学家认为，做好一类智力测试的人同样能做好其他测试。故选A。
根据第五段第二句话“He believes that all children are different and shouldn' t he tested by one intelligence test.”可知，Gardner相信所有的孩子都是不同的，不应该用同一种测试来检测他们的智力，也就是说他认为孩子们的智力各不相同。故选D。
由文章第五段最后一句话“Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.”可知，Gardner认为学校的目标应该是鼓励孩子们全方位地开发智力。故选A。
由文章第六段第一句话“Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.”可知，Gardner 的理论有生物学的基础。故选B。 -
第16题：
共用题干
第二篇
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.
Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal,body-kinesthetic （身体动觉的）, and naturalistic.Gardner thinks that his theory has a________.
A:musical foundation
B:biological foundation
C:intrapersonal foundation
D:linguistic foundation答案：B解析：本文主要讲述了心理学家们对如何理解智力的不同见解，提出了对智力理解的两种观点——一般智力和多种智力，以及Gardner对智力的观点和看法。
文章标题即为理解智力的方式。第二段也明确地表明心理学家对于智力、天赋以及个人能力的观点各抒己见。对此主要有两种不同观点，一些人认为只有一种普遍存在的智力，还有一些人认为存在许多不同种类的智力。故选C。
由文章第三段第二句话“…concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.”可知，坚持一般智力观点的一些心理学家认为，做好一类智力测试的人同样能做好其他测试。故选A。
根据第五段第二句话“He believes that all children are different and shouldn' t he tested by one intelligence test.”可知，Gardner相信所有的孩子都是不同的，不应该用同一种测试来检测他们的智力，也就是说他认为孩子们的智力各不相同。故选D。
由文章第五段最后一句话“Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.”可知，Gardner认为学校的目标应该是鼓励孩子们全方位地开发智力。故选A。
由文章第六段第一句话“Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.”可知，Gardner 的理论有生物学的基础。故选B。 -
第17题：
共用题干
第三篇
Animal Testing Controversy
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals一no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way一in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was nee-- ded to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own re-search.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to________.
A:call on scientists to take some actions
B:criticize the misguided cause of animal rights
C:warn of the doom of biomedical research
D:show the triumph of the animal rights movement答案：A解析：第一段中间提到“Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates...”意思是科学家们需要采取行动回应这些动物权利的鼓吹者。这实际上就是一个呼吁，所以答案应该是A。
第一段最后一句说，被误导的人们“听到医学实验残忍对待动物的指控时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物”。第二段举了被误导女士的例子，她反对用动物来做研究。第三段最后一句，这些人认为“动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍”。A 内容不完整。inevitable：不可避免的；vicious：危险的，所以选项B正确。
该例子中，慈祥的妇人“encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals”，至于疫苗，如果来自动物她也抵制，认为流行病自有科学家们用计算机来解决。由此可见老人对科学的无知。第二段最后一句感叹“这些好心人根本就不明白”，所以答案为B。
根据关键词“challenge from animal rights advocates”以及“scientists should”, 可以在最后两段中找出作者向科学家们提出的建议都有助于他们与公众更好的交流。很明显选项A合理，选项B、C、D在文中没有提到，不正确。
最后一段“Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients...Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research”。从这句话我们知道，Cooper是个名人，也是患者，他曾经高度赞扬过动物研究的价值。由此可以推断他是支持动物研究的，正确答案是D。 -
第18题：
共用题干
Are You a Successful Leader?
1 Almost nothing we do in this world is done in isolation.At work or at play,you'll find yourself in
groups,working with other people:your team at work,a meeting with colleagues,your family,a holiday with
friends,a group of students working together,a day out walking in the mountains,a group of neighbours want-
ing to make changes.It is now recognized that being able to work successfully with other people is one of the
major keys to success,partly because we need to do it so often.
2 In almost every situation where you're in a group,you will need a skilled leader. All groups need
leaders and all successful groups have good leaders.Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost
always break down. Members of a leaderless group often begin to feel dissatisfied and frustrated.Time is wasted
and the tasks are not achieved.There are often arguments and tensions between people as there is nobody to
keep the goals clear. Some personalities dominate and others disappear. Often group members begin not to
come to meetings in order to avoid more disharmony.
3 Some people are natural leaders.The celebrity chef,Antonio Carluccio says,"True leaders are born
and you can spot them in kitchens."They're people who combine toughness,fairness and humour. Although
a lot of people agree that there are some natural-born leaders,most people now recognize that leadership can
also be taught.Our professional and experienced staff can train almost anyone how to be a successful leader.
Good leaders don't make people do things in a bossy,controlling way.You can learn how to involve everyone,
encouraging the whole group to work towards a common goal.
4 Our training courses use activities and techniques to develop a range of qualities which are necessary
to be a good leader. Seff-confidence is vital and being able to overcome your own fears about being a leader.
Successful leaders also need to be calm and intelligent.They need to be able to work out good strategies and
make sound judgements under pressure.Lastly,and probably most importantly,good leaders need to be sensi-
tive,sociable and be able to get on with a wide range of people.Good leadership is essentially the ability to
influence others and good leaders allow all members of the group to contribute.Groups often break down because of__________.
A:the ability to work with others
B:encouraging group members
C:lack of good leaders
D:bossing people around
E:working out good strategies
F: overcoming fears about being a leader答案：C解析：由第一段主题句“Almost nothing we do in this world is done in isolation”可知任何事情都不是我们单独完成的，即people are in groups。
由第二段第一句“.You will need a skilled leader"，在此skilled相当于good。
由第三段倒数第二句中的“train almost anyone to be successful leader”可知培训可以造 就好的领导人才。
第四段主要讲的是好的领导应有各种不同的才能。故选A。
由第一段最后一句“…being able to work successfully with other people is one of the majorkeys to success...”可知选A。
由第二段第三句“Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost always break down", 可知选C。
从第三段倒数第二句“don't make people do things in a bossy, controlling way"，可知好的 领导不以发号施令和控制的方式让人做事，故选D。
由第四段第二句“Self-confidence is vital and being able to overcome your own fears about being a leader"，可知自信很重要，它可以帮你克服成为领导的恐惧。故选F。 -
第19题：
共用题干
第三篇
Animal Testing Controversy
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals一no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way一in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was nee-- ded to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own re-search.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is________.
A:cruel but natural
B:inhuman and unacceptable
C:inevitable but vicious
D:pointless and wasteful答案：B解析：第一段中间提到“Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates...”意思是科学家们需要采取行动回应这些动物权利的鼓吹者。这实际上就是一个呼吁，所以答案应该是A。
第一段最后一句说，被误导的人们“听到医学实验残忍对待动物的指控时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物”。第二段举了被误导女士的例子，她反对用动物来做研究。第三段最后一句，这些人认为“动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍”。A 内容不完整。inevitable：不可避免的；vicious：危险的，所以选项B正确。
该例子中，慈祥的妇人“encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals”，至于疫苗，如果来自动物她也抵制，认为流行病自有科学家们用计算机来解决。由此可见老人对科学的无知。第二段最后一句感叹“这些好心人根本就不明白”，所以答案为B。
根据关键词“challenge from animal rights advocates”以及“scientists should”, 可以在最后两段中找出作者向科学家们提出的建议都有助于他们与公众更好的交流。很明显选项A合理，选项B、C、D在文中没有提到，不正确。
最后一段“Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients...Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research”。从这句话我们知道，Cooper是个名人，也是患者，他曾经高度赞扬过动物研究的价值。由此可以推断他是支持动物研究的，正确答案是D。 -
第20题：
共用题干
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psy- chologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.
Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes
that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelli- gences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelli- gences.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathe- matical , spatial , musical , interpersonal , intrapersonal , body-kinesthetic（身体动觉的）,and naturalistic.Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?
A:People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.
B:Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.
C:Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.
D:Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.答案：A解析：本文主要论述的是心理学家们对智力所持有的不同看法，并通过实验观察来证明自己的观点，因此本文的主要内容就是如何来理解智力，故选C。
文章的第三段和第四段是关于generalintelligence的论述。由第三段第二句“Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.”可知，本题应选A。
由文章第五段第二句可知，Gardner认为所有的孩子都是不同的，不能用同一种智力测试来判断，故选B。
由文章第五段最后一句可知，Gardner认为学校的目的应该是提倡学生各方面智力的全面发展，故选D。
由文章最后一段第一句的内容可知，Gardner认为他的理论是以生物学为根据的，故选A。第二篇本文主要介绍的内容为工人和工厂运营管理之间的关系。本文观点支持工人在公司的管理中享有发言权，并对此进行分析，表明此举可以增加工人的劳动积极性，对公司具有积极意义。 -
第21题：
共用题干
Changes in Museums
Museums have changed.They are no longer places that one"should"visit;they are places to enjoy and learn.
At a science museum in Ontario,Canada,you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body.At the Metropolitan（大城市的）Museum of Art in New York City , you can look at the seventeenth century instruments while listening to their music.At New York's American Museum of Natural History recently,you can help make a bone-by- bone reproduction of the museum's dinosaur（恐 龙）,a beast that lived 200 million years ago.
More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing.In many science museums,for example,there are no guided tours.The visitor is encouraged to touch,listen,operate,and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science.The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it,and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage.
One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time.Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population.Many of these young people are college students or college graduates.Leon F.Twiggs,a young black professor of art once said,"They see things in a new and different way.They are not satisfied to stand and look at works of art;they want art they can participate（参加）in."The same is true of science and history.In America today,all science museums are open to the public and free.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析：第二段中提到，人们在博物馆中可以感受头发直立、聆听古老乐器的演奏，以及帮忙制作恐龙模型等。第三段第三句又提到，参观者被鼓励去触摸、聆听、操作和做实验等。由此可知，人们在博物馆中，可以参与很多活动。
第二段最后一句提到，最近在美国的自然历史博物馆，你可以帮忙制作恐龙模型，这只是表明美国自然历史博物馆最近开办了这项活动，并不是说美国自然历史博物馆最近才开放。
根据第三段的第二句和第三句可知，博物馆鼓励参观者去触摸，去聆听，去操控，去做实验等。
根据第三段第三、四句可知，博物馆所做的这些努力，就是想让参观者从自身体验中获得科学知识，对科学的世界不再感到陌生。
全篇文章并未提到所有的科学博物馆是否是免费开放的。
根据第四段第一句可知，导致这些变化（包括更多人去博物馆）的原因之一就是人们有了更多的财富和业余时间。
根据第四段倒数第二句可知，大多数年轻人喜欢他们可以参与其中的艺术。 -
第22题：
Which of the following should be completed NEXT, after testing the theory of probable cause?（）
- A、Verify full system functionality
- B、Implement preventative measures
- C、Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem
- D、Implement the solution to the problem
正确答案:C -
第23题：
填空题Why do people like smaller cars now?Because the cost of gas has ____.正确答案： greatly increased解析：
细节题。从听力原文中 “However, the price of gas has greatly increased in recent years”可知，此处应该填greatly increased。