资料：Demystifying how social and human-like robots work is vital so that we can understand and shape how they will affect our future, Dr Hatice Gunes will tell the Hay Festival next week. (1)Fear mongering and myth-making about human-like and social robots
题目
资料：Demystifying how social and human-like robots work is vital so that we can understand and shape how they will affect our future, Dr Hatice Gunes will tell the Hay Festival next week. (1)
Fear mongering and myth-making about human-like and social robots is stopping us from engaging with the technology behind them and having an input into how they—and we—evolve, says Hatice Gunes, Associate Professor at University of Cambridge's Computer Laboratory. (2)
Dr Gunes will be speaking about her research at the Hay Festival on 1st June and says we need to move beyond sensationalist portrayals of human-like robot. Her Hay talk will centre on human robot interaction [ HRI] and how it can be used for our benefit, for instance, for helping children with autism learn how to read expressions and to stimulate the senses of elderly people in care. (3)
Dr Gunes will outline how HRI works. She says it has to be believable in order to be effective. That means robots’ appearance is very important. This is what has driven the development of humanoid robots with arms and aspects of a human face which can behave in a human-like way, for instance, moving their arms, legs and eyes. However, more important than appearance is their behaviour and emotional expressivity. Dr Gunes refers to the way we relate to Disney’s animated characters. “People believe in them because they can portray emotion,” she says. (4)
To achieve expressivity requires an understanding of how human emotions are portrayed and triggered. Scientists have been working on artificial emotional intelligence which enables new technology such as embodied agents and robots to both express and detect emotions, understanding non-verbal cues. Dr Gunes cites the work of Charles Darwin on the visual nature of emotions and how they can be mapped to various changes in facial expressions. (5)
Her research investigates how humanoids can be programmed not only to extract and respond to facial clues to emotions, but also to understand the context in which those emotions are expressed. That means they will be able to offer a response that is sensitive to specific contexts. (6)
Will robots ever be able to have emotions themselves though? Dr Gunes says there is no reason why not and questions what emotions are. The process of working with robots on artificial emotional intelligence unpicks the nature of our emotions, showing them to be a layering of different goals, experiences and stimuli. (7)
Another area which scientists are looking at in their quest to improve humanoids’ believability is personality. Dr Gunes has done a lot of work on personality in telepresence robotics, robots controlled remotely by a human—a kind of 3D avatar. These can be used in many ways, for instance, by medical staff to offer remote home care. The medical person can be based anywhere and operate the robot through a virtual headset. Dr Gunes is interested in how people react to the teleoperator (the human controlling the robot remotely) who is present in robot form. Once again, both the robot’s physical appearance and behaviour are important and research shows that their personality needs to be task dependent. (8)
Dr Gunes says there remain some big challenges for scientists working on HRI, including how to process and combine all the different data they are gathering, how to modify their appearance and behaviour dynamically, and how to keep their power going 24/7. The major challenges, however, are to do with breaking down some of the myths and fears people have about humanoids. (9)
Part of this is because they don’t understand the benefits humanoid robots can bring and why, for instance, they need to take on a human form and understand emotions. She says humanoids can be positive in terms of increasing trust and engagement among certain groups, such as the elderly; that humans tends to anthropomorphise technology in any event; and that robots can be programmed to be limited to positive emotions that promote altruism. (10)
“People tend to love or hate robots, but they don’t really know a lot abou
Fear mongering and myth-making about human-like and social robots is stopping us from engaging with the technology behind them and having an input into how they—and we—evolve, says Hatice Gunes, Associate Professor at University of Cambridge's Computer Laboratory. (2)
Dr Gunes will be speaking about her research at the Hay Festival on 1st June and says we need to move beyond sensationalist portrayals of human-like robot. Her Hay talk will centre on human robot interaction [ HRI] and how it can be used for our benefit, for instance, for helping children with autism learn how to read expressions and to stimulate the senses of elderly people in care. (3)
Dr Gunes will outline how HRI works. She says it has to be believable in order to be effective. That means robots’ appearance is very important. This is what has driven the development of humanoid robots with arms and aspects of a human face which can behave in a human-like way, for instance, moving their arms, legs and eyes. However, more important than appearance is their behaviour and emotional expressivity. Dr Gunes refers to the way we relate to Disney’s animated characters. “People believe in them because they can portray emotion,” she says. (4)
To achieve expressivity requires an understanding of how human emotions are portrayed and triggered. Scientists have been working on artificial emotional intelligence which enables new technology such as embodied agents and robots to both express and detect emotions, understanding non-verbal cues. Dr Gunes cites the work of Charles Darwin on the visual nature of emotions and how they can be mapped to various changes in facial expressions. (5)
Her research investigates how humanoids can be programmed not only to extract and respond to facial clues to emotions, but also to understand the context in which those emotions are expressed. That means they will be able to offer a response that is sensitive to specific contexts. (6)
Will robots ever be able to have emotions themselves though? Dr Gunes says there is no reason why not and questions what emotions are. The process of working with robots on artificial emotional intelligence unpicks the nature of our emotions, showing them to be a layering of different goals, experiences and stimuli. (7)
Another area which scientists are looking at in their quest to improve humanoids’ believability is personality. Dr Gunes has done a lot of work on personality in telepresence robotics, robots controlled remotely by a human—a kind of 3D avatar. These can be used in many ways, for instance, by medical staff to offer remote home care. The medical person can be based anywhere and operate the robot through a virtual headset. Dr Gunes is interested in how people react to the teleoperator (the human controlling the robot remotely) who is present in robot form. Once again, both the robot’s physical appearance and behaviour are important and research shows that their personality needs to be task dependent. (8)
Dr Gunes says there remain some big challenges for scientists working on HRI, including how to process and combine all the different data they are gathering, how to modify their appearance and behaviour dynamically, and how to keep their power going 24/7. The major challenges, however, are to do with breaking down some of the myths and fears people have about humanoids. (9)
Part of this is because they don’t understand the benefits humanoid robots can bring and why, for instance, they need to take on a human form and understand emotions. She says humanoids can be positive in terms of increasing trust and engagement among certain groups, such as the elderly; that humans tends to anthropomorphise technology in any event; and that robots can be programmed to be limited to positive emotions that promote altruism. (10)
“People tend to love or hate robots, but they don’t really know a lot abou
A.it is not meaningful for robots to have the appearance of human
B.people who make the appearance of robots very human-like should be blamed
C.people need to pay more attention to the development of robots’functions
D.the appearance of robots has become more and more emotional
B.people who make the appearance of robots very human-like should be blamed
C.people need to pay more attention to the development of robots’functions
D.the appearance of robots has become more and more emotional
相似考题
更多“资料：Demystifying how social and human-like robots work is vital so that we can understand and shape how they will affect our future, Dr Hatice Gunes will tell the Hay Festival next week. (1) ”相关问题
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第1题：
It iS not possible to _________exactly how our actions will affect the future．
A．expect
B．forbid
C．foresee
D．inspect
正确答案：C
题干的意思是：“要准确预知我们的行为将怎样影响未来，那是不可能的。”expect的意思是“预料，期待”，后接不定式或从句作宾语；forbid的意思是“禁止．不许”；foresee的意思是“预知，预见”，后可接名词和宾语从句；inspect的意思是“检查，审视。” -
第2题：
This is not the world we know. This world is controlled by computers. Men and women can be seen, but they are following the orders given to them by machines. The machines were designed by mad scientists, but at some point even the mad scientists were taken over by their super-inventions.
Does this sound familiar? You have probably read something like it in magazines or books, or seen it in a film. Why is it so popular? One of the reasons is that it reflects the fears of many people; fear of the unknown fear of what is not understood or, at least, fear of something that is not completely understood.
The fact is that every day it seems that computers take control of another area of our lives. Some
factory jobs are now done by robots and the robots are controlled by computers. Our bank accounts are managed by computers. At the airport, our tickets are sold by a computer. Certainly, many of these operations are made more
efficient by computers, but our admiration is sometimes mixed with unsafe feelings. And this lack of safety is caused by the fact that we do not know how computers do these things, and we really don't know what they might do next. But we can find out how computers work, and once we understand them, we can use computers instead of worrying about being used by them. Today, there is a new generation of computer wizards who know exactly how computers get things done. These young men and women, usually university students, are happy to sit for hours, sometimes for days, designing programs, not eating, not sleeping, but discovering what can be done by these wonderful slaves which they have learned to control. These computer wizards have learned to use the computer and search for new tasks for their machines.
(1)、According to the passage, our present world is under the control of ______ .
A：mad scientists
B：men and women
C：the unknown fear
D：some super-inventions
(2)、The reason why many people are afraid of computers is that ______ .
A：they don't know anything about computers
B：they haven't really understood computers
C：there are so many computer games
D：computers are often down
(3)、The author mentions computer wizards in order to point out that ______ .
A：computers can be controlled by man
B：there should be more people devoted to computers
C：only young people are interested in computers
D：more time and energy is required to control computers
(4)、This passage is probably written to suggest that ______ .
A：some day computers can deal with all human problems
B：computers can be used in place of traveling to our jobs
C：people should not fear computers
D：computer technology will not meet people's needs in various situations
(5)、The author's attitude towards widely used computers is __.
A：positive
B：anxious
C：worried
D：serious
正确答案：D、B、A、C、A -
第3题：
I’m trying to ________my work so that I can have a couple of days off next week. .A. arrange
B. find
C. look for
D. care
参考答案：A
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第4题：
The main purpose of the text is to tell parents ___________.
A． how to get along with a teenager
B． how to respect a teenager
C． how to understand a teenager
D． how to help a teenager grow up
正确答案：D
-
第5题：
请阅读短文，完成第小题。
We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming(把...按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!
Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.
In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop their leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work; it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.
The writer argues that a teacher's chief concern should be the development of the students'_______
查看材料A．personal qualities and social skills
B．total personality
C．learning ability and communicative skills
D．intellectual ability答案：B解析：题目问：作者坚决主张一位教师主要应该关心学生哪方面的发展。由concern和development可以定位到文章第二段第三句“We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full，not just their academic ability．”我们要关注学生所有方面能力的发展，并不仅仅是学术上的能力。由第二段第二句“This is only one aspect oftlleir total personality．”可以得到学生所有方面的能力即“total personality”．因此答案为B。 -
第6题：
Compared with other areas of our social lives,we tend to boast far more on social media.For instance,few of us will stand on a neighborhood corner and declare how accomplished we are or how much we love our spouse.On Facebook,however,we have no uneasiness about routinely posting photographs of intimate family gatherings,foreign vacations,and fancy meals.What's more,many of us share boasts with hundreds or even thousands of social media connections,with little knowledge or concern about who's seeing them or what effect it has on them.Despite the risk of negative effects,we can't help boasting on social media because,as psychologists have argued,boasting satisfies fundamental human motives of creating a favorable first impression with strangers,and building a positive image among those who know us.In our vast social media spheres,boasting is also a good way,or even possibly the only way,to attract attention.答案：解析：和我们社交生活的其他领域相比．我们在社交媒体上自夸的频率往往要高得多。比方说，我们很少人会站在街角，宣称自己如何有成就、多么爱自己的配偶。但是，我们例行公事般地在脸书上发布亲密家庭成员聚会、出国度假及豪华大餐的照片而丝毫不觉不安。不仅如此，我们很多人与数以百计甚至千计的社交媒体联系人分享自己引以为豪的事物，对谁在看它们、它们产生了什么影响既不怎么了解，也不怎么关心。尽管存在带来负面效果的风险，我们还是禁不住在社交媒体上自吹自擂，因为正如心理学家所言，自夸满足了人类的基本动机：给陌生人留下美好的第一印象，在熟人中树立正面形象。在我们庞大的社交媒体圈子中，自夸也是引起关注的一个好方法，甚至可能是唯一的方法。 -
第7题：
资料：Memo
Date:January 17
From:Nela Potter
To:Marketing staff
Please review the attached best seller list from today’s Silverton Daily. Though Mark Shipley’s book is love on the list , remember that we released it only on January 2. There is still an opportunity for sales to increase. How can we guarantee that this happens?
This list clearly illustrates that health and wellness titles are good sellers. Our competitors, such as Wayland and Brownback, have been thriving .I attribute their success to aggressive marketing tactics. Consider how Wayland has been extensively promoting Jenna Wyatt’s book!
So, for our next scheduled meeting, I would like each of you to present your own original ideals for generating more publicity for our current and furture projects.
Where does Ms.Potter work?A.At Wayland Books
B.At Greenhouse Publishing
C.At Senyth Publishers
D.At Brownback Guides答案：B解析：本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】where；Ms. Potter；work
【主题句】第1自然段 Though Mark Shipley’s book is love on the list, remember that we released it only on January 2.尽管马克菲普利的书在读者喜爱的书单之列，但请记住，我们在1月2日才发布了它。
【解析】本题的问题是“波特女士在哪里工作？”。根据主题句可知，马克菲普利的书是由波特女士所在的出版社出版的。通过表格可知，马克菲普利的书是由Greenhouse Publishing出版的，故选B。 -
第8题：
资料：Procrastination comes in many disguises. We might resolve to tackle a task, but find endless reasons to defer it. We might prioritize things we can readily tick off our to-do list- answering emails, say- while leaving the big, complex stuff untouched for another day. We can look and feel busy. while artfully avoiding the tanks that really matter. And when we look at those rolling, long untouched items at the bottom of our to-do list, we can't help but feel a little disappointed in ourselves.
The problem is our brains are programmed to procrastinate. In general, we all tend to struggle with task that promise future upside in return for efforts we take now. That's because it's easier for our brains to process concrete rather than abstract things, and the immediate hassle is very tangible compared with those unknowable, uncertain future benefits. So the short-term effort easily dominates the long-term upside in our minds--an example of something that behavioral scientists call present bias.
How can you become less myopic about your elusive tasks? It's all about rebalancing the cost benefit analysis: make the benefits of action feel bigger, and the costs of action feel smaller. The reward for doing a pestering task needs to feel larger than the immediate pain of tacking it.
To make the benefits of action feel bigger and more real:
Visualize how great it will be to get it done. Researchers have discovered that people are more likely to save for their future retirement if they're shown digitally aged photographs of themselves. Why? Because it makes their future self feel more real-making the future benefits of saving also feel more weighty.
The next paragraph is probably about____.A.The natural function of our brain
B.The other ways to make the benefits of action feel bigger and real
C.The other ways to make the benefits of action feel smaller and unreal
D.The perils of procrastination答案：B解析：本题考查的是判断推理。
【关键词】next paragraph; probably about
【主题句】倒数第2段To make the benefits of action feel bigger and more real使行动的好处感觉更强烈更真实。
【解析】本题的问题是“下一段也许会讨论什么？”。选项A意为“我们大脑的自然功能”；选项B意为“使行动的好处感觉更大更真实的其他方法”；选项C意为“使行动的好处的其他方式感觉更小和不真实”；选项D意为“拖延的危险”。通览全文可知，文章讲的是如何避免拖延，作者就该问题给出了一个建议：To make the benefits of action feel bigger and more real.
对于这个建议的实施，作者在最后一段有说明，因此接下来作者也会针对这个建议进行更多详细说明，故B项正确。 -
第9题：
资料：Procrastination comes in many disguises. We might resolve to tackle a task, but find endless reasons to defer it. We might prioritize things we can readily tick off our to-do list- answering emails, say- while leaving the big, complex stuff untouched for another day. We can look and feel busy. while artfully avoiding the tanks that really matter. And when we look at those rolling, long untouched items at the bottom of our to-do list, we can't help but feel a little disappointed in ourselves.
The problem is our brains are programmed to procrastinate. In general, we all tend to struggle with task that promise future upside in return for efforts we take now. That's because it's easier for our brains to process concrete rather than abstract things, and the immediate hassle is very tangible compared with those unknowable, uncertain future benefits. So the short-term effort easily dominates the long-term upside in our minds--an example of something that behavioral scientists call present bias.
How can you become less myopic about your elusive tasks? It's all about rebalancing the cost benefit analysis: make the benefits of action feel bigger, and the costs of action feel smaller. The reward for doing a pestering task needs to feel larger than the immediate pain of tacking it.
To make the benefits of action feel bigger and more real:
Visualize how great it will be to get it done. Researchers have discovered that people are more likely to save for their future retirement if they're shown digitally aged photographs of themselves. Why? Because it makes their future self feel more real-making the future benefits of saving also feel more weighty.
What is the best title for this passage?A.How to beat procrastination
B.Our brain and procrastination
C.Benefits and costs of procrastination
D.The perils of procrastination答案：A解析：本题考查的是主旨大意。
【关键词】title
【主题句】第1段第1句Procrastination comes in many disguises.拖延症有很多不同形式。第2段第1句The problem is our brains are programmed to procrastinate.问题是我们的大脑是自动选择延迟的。第3段第1句How can you become less myopic about your elusive tasks?对于困难的任务如何才能少一些目光短浅呢？
【解析】本题的问题是“本文最可能的标题是什么？”。选项A意为“如何击败拖延”；选项B意为“我们的大脑和拖延”；选项C意为“拖延的好处和代价”；选项D意为“拖延的危险”。文章标题一般要结合每段的首末句，因为它们是段意的中心内容。通览文章后，我们知道文章中提到了三点：1.拖延症会以不同面目出现。 2. 解释拖延症出现的原因是因为大脑的自然选择。3.提出如何解决拖延症问题并且论述具体实施办法。这三点综合起来就是本文的中心思想，即如何击败拖延症，故A项正确。 -
第10题：
资料：Demystifying how social and human-like robots work is vital so that we can understand and shape how they will affect our future, Dr Hatice Gunes will tell the Hay Festival next week. (1)
Fear mongering and myth-making about human-like and social robots is stopping us from engaging with the technology behind them and having an input into how they—and we—evolve, says Hatice Gunes, Associate Professor at University of Cambridge's Computer Laboratory. (2)
Dr Gunes will be speaking about her research at the Hay Festival on 1st June and says we need to move beyond sensationalist portrayals of human-like robot. Her Hay talk will centre on human robot interaction [ HRI] and how it can be used for our benefit, for instance, for helping children with autism learn how to read expressions and to stimulate the senses of elderly people in care. (3)
Dr Gunes will outline how HRI works. She says it has to be believable in order to be effective. That means robots’ appearance is very important. This is what has driven the development of humanoid robots with arms and aspects of a human face which can behave in a human-like way, for instance, moving their arms, legs and eyes. However, more important than appearance is their behaviour and emotional expressivity. Dr Gunes refers to the way we relate to Disney’s animated characters. “People believe in them because they can portray emotion,” she says. (4)
To achieve expressivity requires an understanding of how human emotions are portrayed and triggered. Scientists have been working on artificial emotional intelligence which enables new technology such as embodied agents and robots to both express and detect emotions, understanding non-verbal cues. Dr Gunes cites the work of Charles Darwin on the visual nature of emotions and how they can be mapped to various changes in facial expressions. (5)
Her research investigates how humanoids can be programmed not only to extract and respond to facial clues to emotions, but also to understand the context in which those emotions are expressed. That means they will be able to offer a response that is sensitive to specific contexts. (6)
Will robots ever be able to have emotions themselves though? Dr Gunes says there is no reason why not and questions what emotions are. The process of working with robots on artificial emotional intelligence unpicks the nature of our emotions, showing them to be a layering of different goals, experiences and stimuli. (7)
Another area which scientists are looking at in their quest to improve humanoids’ believability is personality. Dr Gunes has done a lot of work on personality in telepresence robotics, robots controlled remotely by a human—a kind of 3D avatar. These can be used in many ways, for instance, by medical staff to offer remote home care. The medical person can be based anywhere and operate the robot through a virtual headset. Dr Gunes is interested in how people react to the teleoperator (the human controlling the robot remotely) who is present in robot form. Once again, both the robot’s physical appearance and behaviour are important and research shows that their personality needs to be task dependent. (8)
Dr Gunes says there remain some big challenges for scientists working on HRI, including how to process and combine all the different data they are gathering, how to modify their appearance and behaviour dynamically, and how to keep their power going 24/7. The major challenges, however, are to do with breaking down some of the myths and fears people have about humanoids. (9)
Part of this is because they don’t understand the benefits humanoid robots can bring and why, for instance, they need to take on a human form and understand emotions. She says humanoids can be positive in terms of increasing trust and engagement among certain groups, such as the elderly; that humans tends to anthropomorphise technology in any event; and that robots can be programmed to be limited to positive emotions that promote altruism. (10)
“People tend to love or hate robots, but they don’t really know a lot abouA.With the development of human robot interaction, robots ae now able to communicate with humans in an effective way.
B.Scientists have many challenges in developing robots, such as how to modify their appearance and behavior.
C.Human emotions enable robots to win the trust from human, especially the elderly and children.
D.It is important to help people understand robots in order to develop robots to human needs.答案：D解析：本题考查的是主旨大意。
【关键词】the main idea
【主题句】第1自然段Demystifying how social and human-like robots work is vital so that we can understand and shape how they will affect our future, Dr Hatice Gunes will tell the Hay Festival next week. （1） 揭开社交机器人和类人机器人如何工作的神秘面纱至关重要，这样我们才能了解并改造它们将影响未来人类的方式，Hatice Gunes博士将在下周的海伊艺术节发表演讲。（1）
第12自然段She adds: “Understanding robots will empower people so they can help to shape them to do good. The public is usually on the receiving end of new technology. Demystifying robots gives people back the power to push for change and create the robots they want.” （12） 她补充说:“了解机器人会使人类拥有强大的力量，这样人类就可以帮助改造它们来做有益的事。。”公众通常是新技术的接受者。揭开机器人的神秘面纱可以让人们重新获得力量，来推动变革，并创造他们想要的机器人。”（12）
【解析】本题的问题是：这篇文章的中心思想是？选项A意为“随着人机交互技术的发展，机器人现在能够有效地与人类进行交流。”选项B意为“科学家在开发机器人时面临许多挑战，例如如何修改机器人的外观和行为。”选项C意为“人类的情感使机器人能够赢得人类特别是老人和儿童的信任。”选项D意为“为了开发出满足人类需求的机器人，帮助人们了解机器人是很重要的。”结合主题句可知，本文主要介绍的是人工智能机器人发展遇到的最大困境是人类的不理解和人类对机器人的恐惧，故本题选D。 -
第11题：
单选题What do Americans think the relationship between their children and the future of the America is?ATheir future rests on how their children become.
BTheir children can’t shape their future because they can’t affect their children’s development through education.
CIf the children turn out to be useless, they won’t have any better future than the Soviet Union.
DThe changes in education aim to make the American children better prepared for the new world order.
正确答案： C解析：
最后一段：对美国孩子来说，教育上的所有这些改变意味着什么？一方面，他们表明了美国人的根本信念：我们的希望就在孩子们的身上，孩子们将塑造着我们的未来；另一方面，是通过教育这种根本的方法来影响孩子的发展。因此A项“美国的未来在孩子的身上”符合文章大意。故选A。B意为“因为美国人没有办法通过教育来影响孩子们，所以这些孩子们无法塑造国家的未来”。C意为“如果美国孩子们长大了一无是处，美国的未来赶不上苏联”，文章在此处没有写美苏的对比。D意为“教育上的所有改变都是为了使美国孩子们为世界新秩序做更好的准备”，文章没有提到这一点。 -
第12题：
问答题There are robots all along, making our lives easier. Some of them, like the (1) _______pocket calculator, can work much more quickly as human beings can. And they (2) _______rarely make mistakes. In some ways robots are better than people.. They work quickly, but not tomake mistakes. They do not get boring doing the same job over and over (3) _______again. And they never get tired. So are robots very useful in factories. They can be taught to do many (4) _______different jobs. First their electronic brains must show how the job is done. A (5) _______person moves the robot’s “arms” and “hand” through each part of the job. Therobot’s brain remembers each move. When the robot is put to work on its itself, (6) _______its brain controls the rods, wheels and motors which move its arm. When the robot needed for a new job, its electronic memory is “wiped (7) _______clean”. Then it is taught how to do its new task. If the robot’s hand stops to work, or if something gets in the way, it (8) _______cannot do the next part of the job. So it starts and signals for help. Then a (9) _______human engineer attends to the fault. Robots are also used for doing jobs which are dangerous. They canmove objects which are too hot or too heavy to people to handle. They can (10) _______work in places which are too hot or too cold.正确答案：
1.along改为around all around到处,随处。along表示“顺着,沿着”。
2.as改成than 根据上面的more可知这里要使用连词than引导出比较对象。
3.boring改为bored boring(某物)令人厌倦的,使人讨厌的。bored(某人)感到厌倦的。
4.are与robots对调 so此处作“因此”讲,句子不用倒装。如果表示“…也如此”时,就要用倒装结构。
5.show改为be shown 这里their electronic brains和show是逻辑动宾关系,因此要使用被动语态。
6.itself改为own on one’s own/by oneself“自己,独自”,是固定搭配。
7.在needed前加is need和主语the robot是逻辑动宾关系,因此这里要使用被动语态。
8.to work改为working stop doing sth.停止做某事。stop doing sth.停下来以便做某事。
9.starts改为stops 这里要表达“停下来”的意思,而不是“开始,着手”。
10.将第一个to改为for adj+for sb. to do sth.是固定说法。解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
10． Computers are so popular in our country that every pupil knows________ e-mails．
A． how can he send
B． how does he send
C． how to send
D． how sending
正确答案：C
10．C【解析】宾语从句应为陈述语序，排除A和B；D 为错误选项．how to send为“疑问词十不定式”结构，在句中作know的宾语。故答案为C。 -
第14题：
–– Frank: We haven't got together for a long time. How about lunch next week?
–– Nick: I' m pretty tied up all next week. How about we plan on two weeks from today?____.
–– Frank: OK Wednesday in two weeks.
A: I can reach it on that Wednesday
B: I can get it on that Wednesday
C: I can assure it on that Wednesday
D: I can make it on that Wednesday
参考答案：D
-
第15题：
How can we best_______ our limited resources?
A、employ
B、utilize
C、enforce
D、enlarge
参考答案：B
-
第16题：
请阅读短文，完成第小题。
We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming(把...按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!
Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.
In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop their leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work; it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.
The writer's purpose in writing this passage is to
查看材料A．argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class
B．recommend pair work and group work for classroom activities
C．offer advice on the proper use of the library
D．emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching答案：D解析：本题的问题是“作者写这篇文章的目的是什么”。文章第一段以“mixed-ability teaching”这一有利于学生发展的教学方法引出提升学生能力的话题；接着第二段提到学生能力的提升不仅仅是智力方面的提高，而是全方面能力的提升；第三段便举出课堂上提升能力的一种教学方法——group work；最后一段作者提出学生学习还可以通过work in pairs,work on individual tasks and assignments等其他方法来学习。通过文章脉络整理得到本题答案为D。 -
第17题：
请阅读短文，完成第小题。
We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming(把...按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!
Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.
In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop their leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work; it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.
Which of the following is not mentioned in the third paragraph?
查看材料A．Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with others.
B．Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.
C．Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizers.
D．Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.答案：D解析：根据第三段第二句“The pupils often work in groups：this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate，to share，and to develop leadership skills．”可知，经常以小组学习的学生们可以有机会学会合作、分享，以及培养领导能力。由此，可以分别对应到选项A、C。根据第三段第三句“They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think…”可知．学生们以小组学习可以学到如何处理个人问题，而且还可以学会如何思考等，可与选项B“reasoning abilities”(推理能力)相对应。因此，通过排除可以得到本题答案为D。 -
第18题：
资料：Demystifying how social and human-like robots work is vital so that we can understand and shape how they will affect our future, Dr Hatice Gunes will tell the Hay Festival next week. (1)
Fear mongering and myth-making about human-like and social robots is stopping us from engaging with the technology behind them and having an input into how they—and we—evolve, says Hatice Gunes, Associate Professor at University of Cambridge's Computer Laboratory. (2)
Dr Gunes will be speaking about her research at the Hay Festival on 1st June and says we need to move beyond sensationalist portrayals of human-like robot. Her Hay talk will centre on human robot interaction [ HRI] and how it can be used for our benefit, for instance, for helping children with autism learn how to read expressions and to stimulate the senses of elderly people in care. (3)
Dr Gunes will outline how HRI works. She says it has to be believable in order to be effective. That means robots’ appearance is very important. This is what has driven the development of humanoid robots with arms and aspects of a human face which can behave in a human-like way, for instance, moving their arms, legs and eyes. However, more important than appearance is their behaviour and emotional expressivity. Dr Gunes refers to the way we relate to Disney’s animated characters. “People believe in them because they can portray emotion,” she says. (4)
To achieve expressivity requires an understanding of how human emotions are portrayed and triggered. Scientists have been working on artificial emotional intelligence which enables new technology such as embodied agents and robots to both express and detect emotions, understanding non-verbal cues. Dr Gunes cites the work of Charles Darwin on the visual nature of emotions and how they can be mapped to various changes in facial expressions. (5)
Her research investigates how humanoids can be programmed not only to extract and respond to facial clues to emotions, but also to understand the context in which those emotions are expressed. That means they will be able to offer a response that is sensitive to specific contexts. (6)
Will robots ever be able to have emotions themselves though? Dr Gunes says there is no reason why not and questions what emotions are. The process of working with robots on artificial emotional intelligence unpicks the nature of our emotions, showing them to be a layering of different goals, experiences and stimuli. (7)
Another area which scientists are looking at in their quest to improve humanoids’ believability is personality. Dr Gunes has done a lot of work on personality in telepresence robotics, robots controlled remotely by a human—a kind of 3D avatar. These can be used in many ways, for instance, by medical staff to offer remote home care. The medical person can be based anywhere and operate the robot through a virtual headset. Dr Gunes is interested in how people react to the teleoperator (the human controlling the robot remotely) who is present in robot form. Once again, both the robot’s physical appearance and behaviour are important and research shows that their personality needs to be task dependent. (8)
Dr Gunes says there remain some big challenges for scientists working on HRI, including how to process and combine all the different data they are gathering, how to modify their appearance and behaviour dynamically, and how to keep their power going 24/7. The major challenges, however, are to do with breaking down some of the myths and fears people have about humanoids. (9)
Part of this is because they don’t understand the benefits humanoid robots can bring and why, for instance, they need to take on a human form and understand emotions. She says humanoids can be positive in terms of increasing trust and engagement among certain groups, such as the elderly; that humans tends to anthropomorphise technology in any event; and that robots can be programmed to be limited to positive emotions that promote altruism. (10)
“People tend to love or hate robots, but they don’t really know a lot abouA.To enable robots to serve humans.
B.To decrease humans fear about robots.
C.To make robots more human-like.
D.To equip robots with human emotions.答案：C解析：本题考查的是推理判断。
【关键词】anthropomorphise；Paragraph 10
【主题句】第10自然段She says humanoids can be positive in terms of increasing trust and engagement among certain groups, such as the elderly; that humans tends to anthropomorphise technology in any event; and that robots can be programmed to be limited to positive emotions that promote altruism. （10） 她说，类人机器人在增进某些群体（如老年人）之间的信任和参与度方面发挥积极作用；在任何情况下，人类都倾向于将技术拟人化；机器人可以被程式限制在促进利他主义的积极情绪中。
【解析】本题问的是“anthropomorphise一词在第10段中是什么意思?”选项A意为“让机器人为人类服务”。选项B意为“减少人类对机器人的恐惧”。选项C意为“让机器人更像人类”。选项D意为“用人类的情感武装机器人”。根据句子意思可以推断出“anthropomorphise”一词意为“拟人格化；赋予人性”。 -
第19题：
资料：Demystifying how social and human-like robots work is vital so that we can understand and shape how they will affect our future, Dr Hatice Gunes will tell the Hay Festival next week. (1)
Fear mongering and myth-making about human-like and social robots is stopping us from engaging with the technology behind them and having an input into how they—and we—evolve, says Hatice Gunes, Associate Professor at University of Cambridge's Computer Laboratory. (2)
Dr Gunes will be speaking about her research at the Hay Festival on 1st June and says we need to move beyond sensationalist portrayals of human-like robot. Her Hay talk will centre on human robot interaction [ HRI] and how it can be used for our benefit, for instance, for helping children with autism learn how to read expressions and to stimulate the senses of elderly people in care. (3)
Dr Gunes will outline how HRI works. She says it has to be believable in order to be effective. That means robots’ appearance is very important. This is what has driven the development of humanoid robots with arms and aspects of a human face which can behave in a human-like way, for instance, moving their arms, legs and eyes. However, more important than appearance is their behaviour and emotional expressivity. Dr Gunes refers to the way we relate to Disney’s animated characters. “People believe in them because they can portray emotion,” she says. (4)
To achieve expressivity requires an understanding of how human emotions are portrayed and triggered. Scientists have been working on artificial emotional intelligence which enables new technology such as embodied agents and robots to both express and detect emotions, understanding non-verbal cues. Dr Gunes cites the work of Charles Darwin on the visual nature of emotions and how they can be mapped to various changes in facial expressions. (5)
Her research investigates how humanoids can be programmed not only to extract and respond to facial clues to emotions, but also to understand the context in which those emotions are expressed. That means they will be able to offer a response that is sensitive to specific contexts. (6)
Will robots ever be able to have emotions themselves though? Dr Gunes says there is no reason why not and questions what emotions are. The process of working with robots on artificial emotional intelligence unpicks the nature of our emotions, showing them to be a layering of different goals, experiences and stimuli. (7)
Another area which scientists are looking at in their quest to improve humanoids’ believability is personality. Dr Gunes has done a lot of work on personality in telepresence robotics, robots controlled remotely by a human—a kind of 3D avatar. These can be used in many ways, for instance, by medical staff to offer remote home care. The medical person can be based anywhere and operate the robot through a virtual headset. Dr Gunes is interested in how people react to the teleoperator (the human controlling the robot remotely) who is present in robot form. Once again, both the robot’s physical appearance and behaviour are important and research shows that their personality needs to be task dependent. (8)
Dr Gunes says there remain some big challenges for scientists working on HRI, including how to process and combine all the different data they are gathering, how to modify their appearance and behaviour dynamically, and how to keep their power going 24/7. The major challenges, however, are to do with breaking down some of the myths and fears people have about humanoids. (9)
Part of this is because they don’t understand the benefits humanoid robots can bring and why, for instance, they need to take on a human form and understand emotions. She says humanoids can be positive in terms of increasing trust and engagement among certain groups, such as the elderly; that humans tends to anthropomorphise technology in any event; and that robots can be programmed to be limited to positive emotions that promote altruism. (10)
“People tend to love or hate robots, but they don’t really know a lot abouA.Neutral
B.Positive
C.Negative
D.Critical答案：B解析：本题考查的是主旨大意。
【关键词】tone
【主题句】第12自然段She adds: “Understanding robots will empower people so they can help to shape them to do good.她补充道：“了解机器人会使人类拥有强大的力量，这样人类就可以帮助改造它们来做有益的事。”
【解析】本题问的是“哪个词最能形容本文的基调？”选项A意为“”中性。选项B意为“积极”。选项C意为“消极”。选项D意为“批评”。文章整体都在描述机器人有利于人类发展，人类不应该害怕机器人，因此本文的基调是积极的。 -
第20题：
资料：Procrastination comes in many disguises. We might resolve to tackle a task, but find endless reasons to defer it. We might prioritize things we can readily tick off our to-do list- answering emails, say- while leaving the big, complex stuff untouched for another day. We can look and feel busy. while artfully avoiding the tanks that really matter. And when we look at those rolling, long untouched items at the bottom of our to-do list, we can't help but feel a little disappointed in ourselves.
The problem is our brains are programmed to procrastinate. In general, we all tend to struggle with task that promise future upside in return for efforts we take now. That's because it's easier for our brains to process concrete rather than abstract things, and the immediate hassle is very tangible compared with those unknowable, uncertain future benefits. So the short-term effort easily dominates the long-term upside in our minds--an example of something that behavioral scientists call present bias.
How can you become less myopic about your elusive tasks? It's all about rebalancing the cost benefit analysis: make the benefits of action feel bigger, and the costs of action feel smaller. The reward for doing a pestering task needs to feel larger than the immediate pain of tacking it.
To make the benefits of action feel bigger and more real:
Visualize how great it will be to get it done. Researchers have discovered that people are more likely to save for their future retirement if they're shown digitally aged photographs of themselves. Why? Because it makes their future self feel more real-making the future benefits of saving also feel more weighty.
How can you become less myopic about your elusive tasks?A.Make the costs of action feel smaller.
B.Make the reward larger than the immediate pain of doing it.
C.Make the benefits of action feel bigger.
D.All the above.答案：D解析：本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】how; less myopic; elusive tasks
【主题句】第3自然段How can you become less myopic about your elusive tasks? It’s all about rebalancing the cost-benefit analysis: make the benefits of action feel bigger, and the costs of action feel smaller. The reward for doing a pestering task needs to feel larger than the immediate pain of tackling it. 对于困难的任务，你怎么能少一些目光短浅？ 重新平衡成本效益分析很关键：让行动的好处变得更大，行动成本更小。 做困难任务的奖励需要比解决它的直接痛苦更大。
【解析】选项A意为“让行动的代价变得更小”；选项B意为“让奖励大于做它的直接痛苦”；选项C意为“让行动的好处感觉更大”；选项D意为“以上全部”。根据文章第3段的内容（主题句），可知A、B、C项原文都有提及，因此该题选D，所有都涉及。 -
第21题：
资料：Demystifying how social and human-like robots work is vital so that we can understand and shape how they will affect our future, Dr Hatice Gunes will tell the Hay Festival next week. (1)
Fear mongering and myth-making about human-like and social robots is stopping us from engaging with the technology behind them and having an input into how they—and we—evolve, says Hatice Gunes, Associate Professor at University of Cambridge's Computer Laboratory. (2)
Dr Gunes will be speaking about her research at the Hay Festival on 1st June and says we need to move beyond sensationalist portrayals of human-like robot. Her Hay talk will centre on human robot interaction [ HRI] and how it can be used for our benefit, for instance, for helping children with autism learn how to read expressions and to stimulate the senses of elderly people in care. (3)
Dr Gunes will outline how HRI works. She says it has to be believable in order to be effective. That means robots’ appearance is very important. This is what has driven the development of humanoid robots with arms and aspects of a human face which can behave in a human-like way, for instance, moving their arms, legs and eyes. However, more important than appearance is their behaviour and emotional expressivity. Dr Gunes refers to the way we relate to Disney’s animated characters. “People believe in them because they can portray emotion,” she says. (4)
To achieve expressivity requires an understanding of how human emotions are portrayed and triggered. Scientists have been working on artificial emotional intelligence which enables new technology such as embodied agents and robots to both express and detect emotions, understanding non-verbal cues. Dr Gunes cites the work of Charles Darwin on the visual nature of emotions and how they can be mapped to various changes in facial expressions. (5)
Her research investigates how humanoids can be programmed not only to extract and respond to facial clues to emotions, but also to understand the context in which those emotions are expressed. That means they will be able to offer a response that is sensitive to specific contexts. (6)
Will robots ever be able to have emotions themselves though? Dr Gunes says there is no reason why not and questions what emotions are. The process of working with robots on artificial emotional intelligence unpicks the nature of our emotions, showing them to be a layering of different goals, experiences and stimuli. (7)
Another area which scientists are looking at in their quest to improve humanoids’ believability is personality. Dr Gunes has done a lot of work on personality in telepresence robotics, robots controlled remotely by a human—a kind of 3D avatar. These can be used in many ways, for instance, by medical staff to offer remote home care. The medical person can be based anywhere and operate the robot through a virtual headset. Dr Gunes is interested in how people react to the teleoperator (the human controlling the robot remotely) who is present in robot form. Once again, both the robot’s physical appearance and behaviour are important and research shows that their personality needs to be task dependent. (8)
Dr Gunes says there remain some big challenges for scientists working on HRI, including how to process and combine all the different data they are gathering, how to modify their appearance and behaviour dynamically, and how to keep their power going 24/7. The major challenges, however, are to do with breaking down some of the myths and fears people have about humanoids. (9)
Part of this is because they don’t understand the benefits humanoid robots can bring and why, for instance, they need to take on a human form and understand emotions. She says humanoids can be positive in terms of increasing trust and engagement among certain groups, such as the elderly; that humans tends to anthropomorphise technology in any event; and that robots can be programmed to be limited to positive emotions that promote altruism. (10)
“People tend to love or hate robots, but they don’t really know a lot abouA.It is important for robots to learn about the context so as to understand human emotions.
B.Whether humanoids will have human emotions themselves still remains unclear.
C.It is a stigma for robots to have different layers of human emotions.
D.The nature of human emotions will hinder the development of humanoids.答案：A解析：本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】Dr Gunes；true；robots and human emotions
【主题句】第6自然段Her research investigates how humanoids can be programmed not only to extract and respond to facial clues to emotions, but also to understand the context in which those emotions are expressed. 她的研究调查了类人机器人如何被编程的，不仅能够提取和回应面部表情对情绪的暗示，而且能够理解这些情绪表达的背景。
第7自然段Will robots ever be able to have emotions themselves though? Dr Gunes says there is no reason why not and questions what emotions are. The process of working with robots on artificial emotional intelligence unpicks the nature of our emotions, showing them to be a layering of different goals, experiences and stimuli.那么机器人本身能够拥有情感吗？Gunes博士表示，认为机器人不能有情感毫无道理，并且质疑情绪的含义。在与机器人人工情感智能合作的过程揭示了我们情绪的本质，对它们而言是不同目标，经验和刺激的分层。
【解析】本题问的是“根据Gunes博士的观点，以下哪个关于机器人和人类情感的说法是正确的?”选项A意为“为了理解人类情感，机器人了解其背景至关重要”。选项B意为“类人机器人本身是否会拥有人类情感不得而知”。选项C意为“机器人拥有不同层次的人类情感是一种耻辱。”选项D意为“人类情感的本质会阻碍类人机器人的发展。”根据主题句可知，选项A正确。根据第七段可知，人工智能是否会拥有人类情绪是明确的，故B错误。选项C和D在文中并未提及。 -
第22题：
单选题The （） can tell us how much heat we can get from the burning of an oil.Aviscosity
Bflash point
Ccetane number
Dcalorific value
正确答案： D解析： 暂无解析 -
第23题：
单选题How can we get _____ the new taxes and keep for some more money for our business?Aout
Baround
Con
Daway
正确答案： A解析：
get around逃避；到处走动。