资料：It’s easy to trace the evolution of the automobile.At most，we’re only talking about a few centuries of technological development，and most of the plans，prototypes and models are still around. With just a little research，you can easily trace the latest m

A startup company in California is using machine learning and arificial itelligence to advise fire departments about how to plan for earthquakes and respond to them. The company hopes its algorithms can take a lot of the guesswork out of the planning process for disaster response by making accurate predictions about earthquake damage. I's one of a handful of companies rolling out atificial itelligence and machine learning systems that could help predict and respond to foods, cyber-attacks and other large- scale disasters.
Nicole Hu, the company's chief technology oflicer, says the key is to feed the computers three mam categories of data. The first is data about homes and other buildings, such as what materials they're made of, when they were built and how likely they are to collapse when the ground starts shaking. The next category is data about the natural environments. For example. "What is the soil like" What is the elevation like? What is the general humidity like?" explains Hu. The third thing we look at is live instant data." she says, such as the magnitude of the quake, the trafic in the area of the quake and the weather at the time of the quake. The computer uses the information to make predictions about what would happen if an earthquake occurred in a particular area. It then uses data from past earthquakes to see whether its predictions are any good, and revises its predictive models accordingly. In other words, it learns as it gocs, which is basically how machine learning works.
Stanford University earthquake engineer Gregory Deierlein consulted for the company. He says one of the most remarkable things about the company's software is its ability to incorporate data from an earthquake as its happening. and to adjust its predictions in real time. "Those sort of things used to be research projects." says Deierlein " After an event, we would collee data and a few years later we' d produce new models." Now the new models appear in a matter of minutes. He note the company's exact methods are opaque. "Like many startup companies they're not fully transparent in everything they're doing." He says.“I mean, that's their proprietary knowledge that they're proprietary knowledge that they're bringing to it."Nonetheless, some first responders are already convinced the software will be useful. Fire chief Dan Ghiorso leads the Woodside Fire Protection District near San Francisco, which covers 32 square miles. The San Andrea's fault is only a couple hundred feet behind the firehouse. Ghiorso says in the past, when an earthquake hit, he 'd have to make educated guesses about what parts of his district might have suffered the most damage, and then drive to each place to make a visual inspection. He hopes the company' s software will change that, although he has yet to put it to the test during an actual quake." Instead of driving thity two square miles, in fifteen minutes on a computer Ican get a good idea of the concerns." he says,“instead of me, taking my educated guess, they re putting science behind it, so I' m very confident." Unfortunately, it's going to take a natural disaster to see if his confidence is justified.
How does Dan Ghlorso view the software?

A. It saves both money and labor.
B. It helps improve the situation
C. It relies too much on past data.
D. It needs more attention

One thing most people these days seem absolutely certain about-and yes,this is a bit ironic-is that absolutist thinking is bad.Making inflexible demands of the world,then losing temper when they're unmet,is no path to happiness.Nor is seeing every issue in black and white,or refusing to be friends with anyone who doesn't share every one of your views.Absolutism is no healthier when turned inwards,either,where it manifests as perfectionism.Yet we all engage in absolutist thinking anyway,because it's easier:we cling to simple rules depression.It's easy to see why absolutism might trigger distress:the more rigid your map of the world,the more opportunities you're creating for that map to collide with the messiness of reality.

资料：Because of the biochemical reactions in your body that occur with every type of food you eat on a daily bases, some foods age you faster than your real age, while other foods help to fight aging.
Three of the processes that go on inside your body that have a major impact on your rate of aging are called “glycation”, “inflammation” and “oxidation”.
When we talk about aging, we’re not just talking about wrinkles on your skin or how thick your hair is, we’re also talking about factors that you can’t see, such as how well your organs function, and whether your joints are degrading.

The passage is probably___.

A.the preface of a book.
B.an excerpt from a paper on health
C.a book review
D.promotional materials for a book

资料：Because of the biochemical reactions in your body that occur with every type of food you eat on a daily bases, some foods age you faster than your real age, while other foods help to fight aging.
Three of the processes that go on inside your body that have a major impact on your rate of aging are called “glycation”, “inflammation” and “oxidation”.
When we talk about aging, we’re not just talking about wrinkles on your skin or how thick your hair is, we’re also talking about factors that you can’t see, such as how well your organs function, and whether your joints are degrading.

According to the passage, aging is about all the following except--.

A.the degrading joints
B.the thinning of your hair
C.the good condition of your organs
D.the wrinkles around your eyes

资料：As a startup founder, my daily tasks include everything from long-term strategic planning to approving team outings and company culture initiatives. Day after day, things inevitably come up that need to get handled ASAP. But I’ve also learned that if you don’t have a strategy for making time for those bigger ambitions and your truly lofty goals, they’ll simply never get done. And that means you won’t make the progress that’s really going to move your business forward.
1. FIND YOUR MOST PRODUCTIVE TIME
Face it: You aren’t cranking out work at absolute peak productivity for the entire day. Instead, there are likely certain times when you’re at your most focused and other times when your energy wanes. That’s normal. Maybe for you, it’s bright and early in the morning, before anyone else arrives in the office, when you do your best work. Whenever it is, identify that chunk of time （even if it’s only an hour!） when you feel most productive, and then reserve it on your calendar like you would any other important meeting. You need to protect this block of time from intrusion--it isn’t optional. That way you’re guaranteed to have a regular, designated period when you can at least get started on those bigger to-dos.
2. CREATE PHYSICAL BARRIERS
Nobody works in a vacuum. We all have to collaborate with others to some degree or another. And it’s the people we work closest with whom we tend to put first--we want to be readily available if they need our help. But there are times you need to tune out the distractions and focus if you’re going to get any meaningful work done.
One of the most effective methods I’ve found is to put physical barriers between us. I’ll work from a conference room or even from home on occasion in order to get some literal space from people needing “just one quick thing.”

According to paragraph 2, which of the following the “chunk of time” the author is talking about?

A.When you are most focused
B.When there is no distractions
C.Late at night
D.Bright and early in the morning

资料：It’s easy to trace the evolution of the automobile.At most，we’re only talking about a few centuries of technological development，and most of the plans，prototypes and models are still around. With just a little research，you can easily trace the latest model electric hybrid back to its steam-powered ancestors.
Your family tree is probably a different matter. Even an extensive genealogy chart can only reach back so far，and mortality puts a rather strict limit on exactly how many “models” are still on the road. Humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult. We still have plenty of living primate relatives，but many of the life forms that connect the evolutionary dots are long extinct.
Evolutionary biologists use several methods to decipher exactly how we came to be as we are.In fact，the field itself encompasses several different disciplines in addition to biology，like genetics，psychology，geology，archaeology linguistics，anthropology and primatology just to name a few. Naturally，paleoanthropology also plays a key role，as we have to turn to the fossil record for many clues about our ancient primate，human and nearly human ancestors.
While the fossil record by its very nature is incomplete，there’s no shortage of fossil evidence to link the planet’s varied life forms into a great tree of life， a chart that scientists call a phylogenetic tree. You can think of humans as the very tip of just one branch on that tree called “hominid.” Chimpanzees exist at the end of an adjoining branch called “panin.” Follow both the hominid and panin branch back about 5.4 million years， and you’ll find a point where scientists think the two converged from a single，common ancestor.
Fossil evidence helps scientists to reconstruct these trees，but so do morphological and genetic studlies. Genetic analysis has yielded striking similarities between chimps and humans. As such， scientists know a last common ancestor of chimps and humans existed，even if we’ve yet to determine the exact species. Yet paleoanthropologists have found numerous hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from that unknown common ancestor to modern humans. These finds include such famous East African fossils as Lucy（Australopithecus afarensis），which strengthened the importance of bipedalism in human evolution and proved an essential milestone on our way to modern Homo sapiens.
Fossil evidence for human evolution will never be complete，as fossils themselves are rare geologic occurrences.Nevertheless，by incorporating other scientific disciplines，we’re able to build an increasingly accurate picture of just what our evolutionary family tree consisted of.

How would people probably trace a family tree，based on Para.2？

A.methods of genealogy.
B.methods of archaeology linguistics.
C.methods of anthropology.
D.methods of primatology.

共用题干
Losing Weight
Girls as young as 10 years old are dieting and in danger of developing unhealthy attitudes about weight,body image and food,a group of Toronto researchers reported Tuesday.
Their study of 2,279 girls aged 10 to 14 showed that while the vast majority had healthy weights,nearly a third felt they were overweight and were trying to lose pounds. Even at the tender age of 10,nearly 32 percent of girls felt"too fat"and 3 1 percent said they were trying to diet.
McVey,a researcher at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto,and her colleagues analyzed data collected in a number of surveys of southern Ontario school girls between 1993 and 2003,reporting their findings in Tuesday's issue of the Canadian Medical Association Journal.
Nearly 80 percent of the girls had a healthy body weight and only 7.2 percent were considered overweight using standard weight-to-height ratios.Most researchers suggest the rate of overweight children in this country is several times higher than that figure.
Nearly 30 percent of the girls reported they were currently trying to lose weight,though few admitted to dangerous behavior such as self-induced vomiting.
Still,a test that measured attitudes towards eating showed 10.5 percent of survey participants were already at risk of developing an eating disorder.
"We're not talking about kids who've been prescribed a diet because they're above average weight or overweight. We're talking about children who are within a healthy weight range.And they have taken it upon themselves to diet to lose weight,"McVey said,acknowledging she found the rates disturbing. She said striking a balance between healthy weights and healthy attitudes towards food and body image is a complex task,with no easy solutions.

The study showed that most of the girls______.
A: were overweight
B: were on a diet
C: had unhealthy attitudes about weight
D: had a healthy body weight

共用题干
Losing Weight
Girls as young as 10 years old are dieting and in danger of developing unhealthy attitudes about weight,body image and food,a group of Toronto researchers reported Tuesday.
Their study of 2,279 girls aged 10 to 14 showed that while the vast majority had healthy weights,nearly a third felt they were overweight and were trying to lose pounds. Even at the tender age of 10,nearly 32 percent of girls felt"too fat"and 3 1 percent said they were trying to diet.
McVey,a researcher at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto,and her colleagues analyzed data collected in a number of surveys of southern Ontario school girls between 1993 and 2003,reporting their findings in Tuesday's issue of the Canadian Medical Association Journal.
Nearly 80 percent of the girls had a healthy body weight and only 7.2 percent were considered overweight using standard weight-to-height ratios.Most researchers suggest the rate of overweight children in this country is several times higher than that figure.
Nearly 30 percent of the girls reported they were currently trying to lose weight,though few admitted to dangerous behavior such as self-induced vomiting.
Still,a test that measured attitudes towards eating showed 10.5 percent of survey participants were already at risk of developing an eating disorder.
"We're not talking about kids who've been prescribed a diet because they're above average weight or overweight. We're talking about children who are within a healthy weight range.And they have taken it upon themselves to diet to lose weight,"McVey said,acknowledging she found the rates disturbing. She said striking a balance between healthy weights and healthy attitudes towards food and body image is a complex task,with no easy solutions.

Unhealthy attitudes about weight,body image and food may______.
A: lead to an eating disorder
B: result from self-induced vomiting
C: make it easier to gain weight
D: bring about greater competition

A startup company in California is using machine learning and arificial itelligence to advise fire departments about how to plan for earthquakes and respond to them. The company hopes its algorithms can take a lot of the guesswork out of the planning process for disaster response by making accurate predictions about earthquake damage. I's one of a handful of companies rolling out atificial itelligence and machine learning systems that could help predict and respond to foods, cyber-attacks and other large- scale disasters.
Nicole Hu, the company's chief technology oflicer, says the key is to feed the computers three mam categories of data. The first is data about homes and other buildings, such as what materials they're made of, when they were built and how likely they are to collapse when the ground starts shaking. The next category is data about the natural environments. For example. "What is the soil like" What is the elevation like? What is the general humidity like?" explains Hu. The third thing we look at is live instant data." she says, such as the magnitude of the quake, the trafic in the area of the quake and the weather at the time of the quake. The computer uses the information to make predictions about what would happen if an earthquake occurred in a particular area. It then uses data from past earthquakes to see whether its predictions are any good, and revises its predictive models accordingly. In other words, it learns as it gocs, which is basically how machine learning works.
Stanford University earthquake engineer Gregory Deierlein consulted for the company. He says one of the most remarkable things about the company's software is its ability to incorporate data from an earthquake as its happening. and to adjust its predictions in real time. "Those sort of things used to be research projects." says Deierlein " After an event, we would collee data and a few years later we' d produce new models." Now the new models appear in a matter of minutes. He note the company's exact methods are opaque. "Like many startup companies they're not fully transparent in everything they're doing." He says.“I mean, that's their proprietary knowledge that they're proprietary knowledge that they're bringing to it."Nonetheless, some first responders are already convinced the software will be useful. Fire chief Dan Ghiorso leads the Woodside Fire Protection District near San Francisco, which covers 32 square miles. The San Andrea's fault is only a couple hundred feet behind the firehouse. Ghiorso says in the past, when an earthquake hit, he 'd have to make educated guesses about what parts of his district might have suffered the most damage, and then drive to each place to make a visual inspection. He hopes the company' s software will change that, although he has yet to put it to the test during an actual quake." Instead of driving thity two square miles, in fifteen minutes on a computer Ican get a good idea of the concerns." he says,“instead of me, taking my educated guess, they re putting science behind it, so I' m very confident." Unfortunately, it's going to take a natural disaster to see if his confidence is justified.
What is NOT needed for training the earthquake predicting software?

A Data about past earthquakes
B. Data about human impacts
C. Data about the geographic conditions
D. Data about the buildings

Globalization places us in increasingly more situations where we may need to host international business associates for meals.With so many cultural differences in dining preferences,even among those ofthe same nationality and culture,the safest and most considerate thing we can do when treating a guest is to simply ask.Avoid making too many assumptions about what your guests would like and inquire about their preferences.China's dish names are infused with its culinary culture,and expressing them in English is not always so easy.Zhao Huimin,director of Beijing Foreign Affairs Office,said,"As Beijing is striving to become a'World City',we need a better language environment.And Chinese food has become more popular around the world in recent years,so it's essential to standardize the translation.The newly published book contains easy-to-understand English names of almost all mainstream dishes of China's eight major cuisines.It is for reference only,and is not compulsory."

资料：It’s easy to trace the evolution of the automobile.At most，we’re only talking about a few centuries of technological development，and most of the plans，prototypes and models are still around. With just a little research，you can easily trace the latest model electric hybrid back to its steam-powered ancestors.
Your family tree is probably a different matter. Even an extensive genealogy chart can only reach back so far，and mortality puts a rather strict limit on exactly how many “models” are still on the road. Humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult. We still have plenty of living primate relatives，but many of the life forms that connect the evolutionary dots are long extinct.
Evolutionary biologists use several methods to decipher exactly how we came to be as we are.In fact，the field itself encompasses several different disciplines in addition to biology，like genetics，psychology，geology，archaeology linguistics，anthropology and primatology just to name a few. Naturally，paleoanthropology also plays a key role，as we have to turn to the fossil record for many clues about our ancient primate，human and nearly human ancestors.
While the fossil record by its very nature is incomplete，there’s no shortage of fossil evidence to link the planet’s varied life forms into a great tree of life， a chart that scientists call a phylogenetic tree. You can think of humans as the very tip of just one branch on that tree called “hominid.” Chimpanzees exist at the end of an adjoining branch called “panin.” Follow both the hominid and panin branch back about 5.4 million years， and you’ll find a point where scientists think the two converged from a single，common ancestor.
Fossil evidence helps scientists to reconstruct these trees，but so do morphological and genetic studlies. Genetic analysis has yielded striking similarities between chimps and humans. As such， scientists know a last common ancestor of chimps and humans existed，even if we’ve yet to determine the exact species. Yet paleoanthropologists have found numerous hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from that unknown common ancestor to modern humans. These finds include such famous East African fossils as Lucy（Australopithecus afarensis），which strengthened the importance of bipedalism in human evolution and proved an essential milestone on our way to modern Homo sapiens.
Fossil evidence for human evolution will never be complete，as fossils themselves are rare geologic occurrences.Nevertheless，by incorporating other scientific disciplines，we’re able to build an increasingly accurate picture of just what our evolutionary family tree consisted of.

What can be inferred from Para.5?

A.Morpholoical and genetic studies helped scientists to trace unknown common ancestor of chimps and humans existed.
B.Morphological and genetic studies determined exact species of common ancestor of chimps and humans existed.
C.Genetic studies found hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from unknown common ancestor to modern humans.
D.Morphological studies helped finding the famous East African fossils and set up an milestone in this field.

Training and development is the most important thing about a first job because it’s the____for your career.

A.minor success
B.daily routine
C.useful tool
D.spring board

资料：It’s easy to trace the evolution of the automobile.At most，we’re only talking about a few centuries of technological development，and most of the plans，prototypes and models are still around. With just a little research，you can easily trace the latest model electric hybrid back to its steam-powered ancestors.
Your family tree is probably a different matter. Even an extensive genealogy chart can only reach back so far，and mortality puts a rather strict limit on exactly how many “models” are still on the road. Humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult. We still have plenty of living primate relatives，but many of the life forms that connect the evolutionary dots are long extinct.
Evolutionary biologists use several methods to decipher exactly how we came to be as we are.In fact，the field itself encompasses several different disciplines in addition to biology，like genetics，psychology，geology，archaeology linguistics，anthropology and primatology just to name a few. Naturally，paleoanthropology also plays a key role，as we have to turn to the fossil record for many clues about our ancient primate，human and nearly human ancestors.
While the fossil record by its very nature is incomplete，there’s no shortage of fossil evidence to link the planet’s varied life forms into a great tree of life， a chart that scientists call a phylogenetic tree. You can think of humans as the very tip of just one branch on that tree called “hominid.” Chimpanzees exist at the end of an adjoining branch called “panin.” Follow both the hominid and panin branch back about 5.4 million years， and you’ll find a point where scientists think the two converged from a single，common ancestor.
Fossil evidence helps scientists to reconstruct these trees，but so do morphological and genetic studlies. Genetic analysis has yielded striking similarities between chimps and humans. As such， scientists know a last common ancestor of chimps and humans existed，even if we’ve yet to determine the exact species. Yet paleoanthropologists have found numerous hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from that unknown common ancestor to modern humans. These finds include such famous East African fossils as Lucy（Australopithecus afarensis），which strengthened the importance of bipedalism in human evolution and proved an essential milestone on our way to modern Homo sapiens.
Fossil evidence for human evolution will never be complete，as fossils themselves are rare geologic occurrences.Nevertheless，by incorporating other scientific disciplines，we’re able to build an increasingly accurate picture of just what our evolutionary family tree consisted of.

It can be inferred in Para.1 that taking example of tracting electric hybrid is to illustrate that.

A.how technological development over a few centuries developed.
B.how the plans，prototypes and models of electric hybrid developed.
C.how to trace family tree is much the same way astracing electric hybrid.
D.why humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult.

资料：It’s easy to trace the evolution of the automobile.At most，we’re only talking about a few centuries of technological development，and most of the plans，prototypes and models are still around. With just a little research，you can easily trace the latest model electric hybrid back to its steam-powered ancestors.
Your family tree is probably a different matter. Even an extensive genealogy chart can only reach back so far，and mortality puts a rather strict limit on exactly how many “models” are still on the road. Humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult. We still have plenty of living primate relatives，but many of the life forms that connect the evolutionary dots are long extinct.
Evolutionary biologists use several methods to decipher exactly how we came to be as we are.In fact，the field itself encompasses several different disciplines in addition to biology，like genetics，psychology，geology，archaeology linguistics，anthropology and primatology just to name a few. Naturally，paleoanthropology also plays a key role，as we have to turn to the fossil record for many clues about our ancient primate，human and nearly human ancestors.
While the fossil record by its very nature is incomplete，there’s no shortage of fossil evidence to link the planet’s varied life forms into a great tree of life， a chart that scientists call a phylogenetic tree. You can think of humans as the very tip of just one branch on that tree called “hominid.” Chimpanzees exist at the end of an adjoining branch called “panin.” Follow both the hominid and panin branch back about 5.4 million years， and you’ll find a point where scientists think the two converged from a single，common ancestor.
Fossil evidence helps scientists to reconstruct these trees，but so do morphological and genetic studlies. Genetic analysis has yielded striking similarities between chimps and humans. As such， scientists know a last common ancestor of chimps and humans existed，even if we’ve yet to determine the exact species. Yet paleoanthropologists have found numerous hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from that unknown common ancestor to modern humans. These finds include such famous East African fossils as Lucy（Australopithecus afarensis），which strengthened the importance of bipedalism in human evolution and proved an essential milestone on our way to modern Homo sapiens.
Fossil evidence for human evolution will never be complete，as fossils themselves are rare geologic occurrences.Nevertheless，by incorporating other scientific disciplines，we’re able to build an increasingly accurate picture of just what our evolutionary family tree consisted of.

What does the underlined word “bipedalism”refer to in Para.5?

A.Hominid and panin.
B.Chimps and humans.
C.Walking on two legs.
D.Morphological and genetic studies.

共用题干
Losing Weight
Girls as young as 10 years old are dieting and in danger of developing unhealthy attitudes about weight,body image and food,a group of Toronto researchers reported Tuesday.
Their study of 2,279 girls aged 10 to 14 showed that while the vast majority had healthy weights,nearly a third felt they were overweight and were trying to lose pounds. Even at the tender age of 10,nearly 32 percent of girls felt"too fat"and 3 1 percent said they were trying to diet.
McVey,a researcher at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto,and her colleagues analyzed data collected in a number of surveys of southern Ontario school girls between 1993 and 2003,reporting their findings in Tuesday's issue of the Canadian Medical Association Journal.
Nearly 80 percent of the girls had a healthy body weight and only 7.2 percent were considered overweight using standard weight-to-height ratios.Most researchers suggest the rate of overweight children in this country is several times higher than that figure.
Nearly 30 percent of the girls reported they were currently trying to lose weight,though few admitted to dangerous behavior such as self-induced vomiting.
Still,a test that measured attitudes towards eating showed 10.5 percent of survey participants were already at risk of developing an eating disorder.
"We're not talking about kids who've been prescribed a diet because they're above average weight or overweight. We're talking about children who are within a healthy weight range.And they have taken it upon themselves to diet to lose weight,"McVey said,acknowledging she found the rates disturbing. She said striking a balance between healthy weights and healthy attitudes towards food and body image is a complex task,with no easy solutions.

What kind of institution does the lead researcher work with?
A: A school.
B: A hospital.
C: An association.
D: A charity.