Electromagnetic EnergyWhite light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to
题目
Electromagnetic Energy
White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kind of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.
Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared (红外线的) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays (紫外线) and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so mush energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too.
Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用) by man. Chemical energy comes from electron (电子) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium(氦).
Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.
A. Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Sun's Energy
B. The Most Important Source of Energy
C. Types of Electromagnetic Energy
D. X-rays Are Used to Detect and Treat Cancer.
E. Seeking New Sources of Energy
F. Nuclear Energy is Beginning to Compete with Coal
Paragraph 3 ______
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更多“Electromagnetic EnergyWhite light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to ”相关问题
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第1题：
共用题干
Electromagnetic Energy
1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
2 The sun is 93 million miles from the earth.Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.
3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves.Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio,television,or radar.Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living.Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer.X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators.Other generators are powered by coal,but the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.
5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If the sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy.About forty years after the theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man.Chemical energy comes from electron （电子）rearrangement.Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom.Compared with chemical reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.
6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of'power to generate electricity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.Paragraph 4______
A:Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Sun's Energy
B:The Most Important Source of Energy
C:Types of Electromagnetic Energy
D:The Machines Used for Energy Generation
E:Seeking New Sources of Energy
F:The Use of Ultravio1et Radiation in Medicine答案：B解析：通读文章可知，第三段第一句是段落主题句，紧接着围绕第一句进行了具体阐述，根据第一句中出现的“types of electromagnetic energy”可知，第三段主要讲述几种不同种类的电磁能，应选择C项。
根据第四段第一、二句可知，我们通常用电来生成电磁能，使用的很多能源都来自太阳。紧接着又表明，水能源于来自太阳的热能，煤储存的能量也是来自太阳。因此不难得出，第四段讲的是能量最重要的来源，即太阳。
第五段开头提到太阳能的来源仍是个谜，随后对此进行了分析，最后得出太阳能来自核反应释放的能量。由此可知，第五段主要讲的是，氢原子转变为氦原子的核反应释放的能量是太阳能的来源。几个选项中只有A项提到核反应是太阳能的持久来源，因此选择A项。
通读文章可知，第六段的最后一句是主题句。这句话的大意是：科学家正继续在寻找更好的新方法来获取并使用能源。几个选项中只有E项与之契合，因此选择E项。
根据第一段第四句可知，你即便在感到凉爽的阴天，也有可能被阳光灼伤，因此选择B项。
根据第三段第三、四句可知，红外线是电磁波，当它被物质吸收时，会产生能量。
根据第三段倒数第二、三句可知，X射线和伽马射线之所以能用来探测和治疗癌症，是因为具有很多能量的x射线和伽马射线能穿透固体。
根据第五段第五句可知，化学能是在电子重组时产生的。 -
第2题：
共用题干
Electromagnetic Energy
1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
2 The sun is 93 million miles from the earth.Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.
3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves.Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio,television,or radar.Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living.Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer.X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators.Other generators are powered by coal,but the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.
5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If the sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy.About forty years after the theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man.Chemical energy comes from electron （电子）rearrangement.Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom.Compared with chemical reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.
6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of'power to generate electricity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.Chemical energy is generated______.
A:when it is absorbed by matter
B:when it is cloudy
C:because they can pass through solid objects
D:when the sunrays are fierce.
E:when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place
F:when electron rearrangement takes place答案：F解析：通读文章可知，第三段第一句是段落主题句，紧接着围绕第一句进行了具体阐述，根据第一句中出现的“types of electromagnetic energy”可知，第三段主要讲述几种不同种类的电磁能，应选择C项。
根据第四段第一、二句可知，我们通常用电来生成电磁能，使用的很多能源都来自太阳。紧接着又表明，水能源于来自太阳的热能，煤储存的能量也是来自太阳。因此不难得出，第四段讲的是能量最重要的来源，即太阳。
第五段开头提到太阳能的来源仍是个谜，随后对此进行了分析，最后得出太阳能来自核反应释放的能量。由此可知，第五段主要讲的是，氢原子转变为氦原子的核反应释放的能量是太阳能的来源。几个选项中只有A项提到核反应是太阳能的持久来源，因此选择A项。
通读文章可知，第六段的最后一句是主题句。这句话的大意是：科学家正继续在寻找更好的新方法来获取并使用能源。几个选项中只有E项与之契合，因此选择E项。
根据第一段第四句可知，你即便在感到凉爽的阴天，也有可能被阳光灼伤，因此选择B项。
根据第三段第三、四句可知，红外线是电磁波，当它被物质吸收时，会产生能量。
根据第三段倒数第二、三句可知，X射线和伽马射线之所以能用来探测和治疗癌症，是因为具有很多能量的x射线和伽马射线能穿透固体。
根据第五段第五句可知，化学能是在电子重组时产生的。 -
第3题：
共用题干
Electromagnetic Energy
1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is
not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy
day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kind of energy that produce
warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
2 The sun is 93 million miles away from the earth.Yet we can use energy from the sun because elec-
tromagnetic energy travels through space.
3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signals
travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an
electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Waves of infrared and visible light
have more energy than waves of radio , television , or radar. Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are electro-
magnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating
buildings.Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is
useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right
through solid objects.They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden
cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the
sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is
trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators.Other generators are powered by coal,but
the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.
5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If
the.sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with
electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy.About forty years after the
theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man. Chemical energy comes from electron
（电子）rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemi-
cal reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that
the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.
6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate elec-
tncity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better
methods of obtaining and using energy.Visible light that produces warmth is an example of______________.
A:electromagnetic energy
B:electromagnetic energy travels through space
C:came from the sun
D:when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place
E:when the sunrays are fierce
F:chemical energy is generated答案：A解析：第三段的第一句为主题句，意为：许多其他种类的能量也是不同类型的电磁能。该段列举了电磁能的具体例子，C项“Types of Electromagnetic Energy（电磁能的类型）”与主题句意思吻合，故选C。
第四段的第二句为主题句，意为：我们的能量大多来自太阳。B项“The Most ImportantSource of Energy（最重要的能量来源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选B。
第五段的最后一句为主题句，意为：我们现在相信太阳的能量来自核反应，在此过程 中，氢转变为氦。A项“Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Sun ' s Energy（核反应是太阳能最持久的来源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选A。
第六段的最后一句为主题句，意为：科学家仍在继续寻找获取和使用能量的新的、更好 的方法。E项“Seeking New Sources of Energy（寻找新的能源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选E。
第一段的最后一句指出，“可见光和其他能产生热量和造成晒伤的能量都是电磁能的例子”。故选A。
第二段的第二句指出，“我们能使用太阳能，因为电磁能可以在太空中穿梭”。故选B。
第四段的最后一句指出，“其他的发电机靠煤炭驱动，但是，煤炭中储存的能量也来自 于太阳”。C项中的“came from the sun（来自太阳）”与原句意思相符，故选C。
第五段的第五句指出，化学能来自于电子重组。故选F。第4部分：阅读理解第一篇 本文的主要内容是建筑工程师研究世贸大厦遗址及其周围幸存的建筑以设计出能够抵杭恐 怖袭击和爆炸的建筑。 -
第4题：
共用题干
Learn about Light
1 .Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years. The Greek philosophers believed that light was made up of countless,tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what we call vision. However,Empedocles and a Dutch scientist named Christian Huygens believed that light was like a wave. According to them,light spread out and travelled like a straight line. This theory was accepted during the 19th century.
2 .In 1905,Albert Einstein published a research paper in which he explained what is re-ferred to as the photoelectric effect. This theory explains that particles make up light.The particles Einstein was referring to are weightless bundles（束）of electromagnetic（电磁）energy called photons（光子）.Today,scientists agree that light has a dual（二重）nature一it is part particle and part wave. It is a form of energy that allows us to see things around us.
3 .Things that give off light are known as sources of light. During the day,the primary source of light is the sun. Other sources of light include stars,flames,flashlights,street lamps and glowing gases in glass tube.
4 .When we draw the way light travels we always use straight lines. This is because nor-mally light rays travel in a straight line. However,there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of light. They are reflection,absorption,interference（干扰）, etc.
5 .Physicists have attempted to measure the speed of light since the early times. In 1849, Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror located kilometers away and placed a rotating cogwheel（旋转齿轮）between the beam and the mirror. From the rate of rotation of the wheel,number of wheel's teeth and distance of the mirror,he was able to calculate that the speed of light is 313 million meters per second. In a vacuum（真空）,however,the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per second. This is about a million times faster than the speed of an airplane.Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment to measure______.
A: sources of light
B: the speed of light
C: the path of light
D: a straight line
E: a beam of light
F: a form of energy答案：B解析：该概括大意与完成句子所选的阅读材料为记述文，段落主题相对于论述文而言较松散，因此记述文中的段落大意往往需要考生根据自己的理解而归纳概括出来。解答概括大意题的技巧往往派不上用场。第二段主要讲述现代科学家认同了爱因斯坦的光电效应理论。因此可以判断A选项“当今人们如何解释光的性质”正确。
第三段第一句“Things that give off light are known as sources of light.”就点明主旨，发光的物体是光源。所以B选项“什么是光源？”正确。
第四段主要讲述光传播的问题，所以D选项“光是如何传播的”正确。
第五段的关键字是speed of light，光速。所以C选项“物理学家如何测量光的速度”正确。
题干意为“人们可以看见物体是因为光……。“从第二段最后一句可知，人们看见物体是因为光是一种能量。所以F项a form of energy正确的。
题干意为“星星、火焰、手电筒都是……的例子。”第三段“Other sources of light include stars , flames , flashlights...”说明，这些都是光源的例子。所以A选项sourcesof light是正确的。
题干意为“某些情况下，如反射和吸收可以改变……。”第四段中“there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of light.They are reflection,ab-sorption , interference , etc.”这说明有一些情况可以改变光的路径。所以C选项the path of light是正确的。
题干意为“Hippolyte Fizeau做了一个刚试……的实验。”文中最后一段 “Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror...he was able to calculate that the speed of light...”可知Hippolyte Fizeau通过实验计算出了光速。所以B选项是正确的。 -
第5题：
共用题干
Learn about Light
1 .Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years. The Greek philosophers believed that light was made up of countless,tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what we call vision. However,Empedocles and a Dutch scientist named Christian Huygens believed that light was like a wave. According to them,light spread out and travelled like a straight line. This theory was accepted during the 19th century.
2 .In 1905,Albert Einstein published a research paper in which he explained what is re-ferred to as the photoelectric effect. This theory explains that particles make up light.The particles Einstein was referring to are weightless bundles（束）of electromagnetic（电磁）energy called photons（光子）.Today,scientists agree that light has a dual（二重）nature一it is part particle and part wave. It is a form of energy that allows us to see things around us.
3 .Things that give off light are known as sources of light. During the day,the primary source of light is the sun. Other sources of light include stars,flames,flashlights,street lamps and glowing gases in glass tube.
4 .When we draw the way light travels we always use straight lines. This is because nor-mally light rays travel in a straight line. However,there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of light. They are reflection,absorption,interference（干扰）, etc.
5 .Physicists have attempted to measure the speed of light since the early times. In 1849, Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror located kilometers away and placed a rotating cogwheel（旋转齿轮）between the beam and the mirror. From the rate of rotation of the wheel,number of wheel's teeth and distance of the mirror,he was able to calculate that the speed of light is 313 million meters per second. In a vacuum（真空）,however,the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per second. This is about a million times faster than the speed of an airplane.Objects are visible to the human eye as light is______.
A: sources of light
B: the speed of light
C: the path of light
D: a straight line
E: a beam of light
F: a form of energy答案：F解析：该概括大意与完成句子所选的阅读材料为记述文，段落主题相对于论述文而言较松散，因此记述文中的段落大意往往需要考生根据自己的理解而归纳概括出来。解答概括大意题的技巧往往派不上用场。第二段主要讲述现代科学家认同了爱因斯坦的光电效应理论。因此可以判断A选项“当今人们如何解释光的性质”正确。
第三段第一句“Things that give off light are known as sources of light.”就点明主旨，发光的物体是光源。所以B选项“什么是光源？”正确。
第四段主要讲述光传播的问题，所以D选项“光是如何传播的”正确。
第五段的关键字是speed of light，光速。所以C选项“物理学家如何测量光的速度”正确。
题干意为“人们可以看见物体是因为光……。“从第二段最后一句可知，人们看见物体是因为光是一种能量。所以F项a form of energy正确的。
题干意为“星星、火焰、手电筒都是……的例子。”第三段“Other sources of light include stars , flames , flashlights...”说明，这些都是光源的例子。所以A选项sourcesof light是正确的。
题干意为“某些情况下，如反射和吸收可以改变……。”第四段中“there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of light.They are reflection,ab-sorption , interference , etc.”这说明有一些情况可以改变光的路径。所以C选项the path of light是正确的。
题干意为“Hippolyte Fizeau做了一个刚试……的实验。”文中最后一段 “Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror...he was able to calculate that the speed of light...”可知Hippolyte Fizeau通过实验计算出了光速。所以B选项是正确的。 -
第6题：
In the process,the light energy converts to heat energy.A:leaves
B:drops
C:reduces
D:changes答案：D解析：本句意思：在这个过程中，光能会转化成热能。convert“转换，转变”,convert sth.into (to) sth.“把……转化为……”。change“改变”，与convert意思相近。 -
第7题：
共用题干
Electromagnetic Energy
1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is
not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy
day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kind of energy that produce
warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
2 The sun is 93 million miles away from the earth.Yct we can use energy from die sun because elec-
tromagnetic energy travels through space.
3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signais
travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an
electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Wayes of infrared and visible light
have more energy than waves of radio,television,or radar. Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are eleetro-
magnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating
buildings.Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is
useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right
through solid objects.They can be used to detect and treat cancer。 X-rays are used in industry to find hidden
cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the
sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is
trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators,Other generators are powered by coal,but
the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.
5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If
the sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with
electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy．入bout forty years after the
theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man. Chemical energy comes from electron
（电子）rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemi-
cal reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that
the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.
6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate elec-
tricity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better
methods of obtaining and using energy.Paragraph 4__________________
A:Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Sun's Energy
B:The Most Imoprtant Source of Energy
C:Types of Eleetromagnetie Energy
D:X-rays Are Used to Detect and Treat Cancer
E:Seeking New Sourees of Energy
F:Nuclear Energy Is Beginning to Compete With Coal答案：B解析：第三段的第一句为主题句，意为：许多其他种类的能量也是不同类型的电磁能。该段 列举了电磁能的具体例子，C项“Types of Electromagnetic Energy（电磁能的类型）”与主题句意 思吻合，故选C。
第四段的第二句为主题句，意为：我们的能量大多来白太阳。B项“The Most Important Source of Energy（最重要的能量来源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选B。
第五段的最后一句为主题句，意为；我们现在相信太阳的能量来自核反应，在此过程 中，氢转变为氦。A项“Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Sun' s Energy（核反应是太 阳能最持久的来源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选A。
第六段的最后一句为主题句，意为：科学家仍在继续寻找获取和使用能量的新的、更好 的方法。E项“Seeking New Sources of Energy（寻找新的能源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选E。
第一段的最后一句指出，“可见光和其他能产生热量和造成晒伤的能量都是电磁能的 例子”。故选A。
第二段的第二句指出，“我们能使用太阳能，因为电磁能可以在太空中穿梭”。故选B。
第四段的最后一句指出，“其他的发电机靠煤炭驱动，但是，煤炭中储存的能量也来自 于太阳”。C项中的“came from the sun (来自太阳）”与原句意思相符，故选C。
第五段的第五句指出，化学能来自于电子重组。故选F。第4部分：阅读理解第一篇 本文介绍了引起食物中毒的原因及食物中毒的预防和治疗处理措施。 -
第8题：
共用题干
Electromagnetic Energy
1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is
not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy
day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kind of energy that produce
warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
2 The sun is 93 million miles away from the earth.Yct we can use energy from die sun because elec-
tromagnetic energy travels through space.
3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signais
travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an
electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Wayes of infrared and visible light
have more energy than waves of radio,television,or radar. Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are eleetro-
magnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating
buildings.Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is
useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right
through solid objects.They can be used to detect and treat cancer。 X-rays are used in industry to find hidden
cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the
sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is
trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators,Other generators are powered by coal,but
the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.
5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If
the sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with
electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy．入bout forty years after the
theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man. Chemical energy comes from electron
（电子）rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemi-
cal reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that
the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.
6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate elec-
tricity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better
methods of obtaining and using energy.When electron rearrangement takes place_______________.
A:electromagnetic energy
B:electromagnetic energy travels through space
C:came from the sun
D:when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place
E:whlen the sunrays are fierce
F:chemical energy is generated答案：F解析：第三段的第一句为主题句，意为：许多其他种类的能量也是不同类型的电磁能。该段 列举了电磁能的具体例子，C项“Types of Electromagnetic Energy（电磁能的类型）”与主题句意 思吻合，故选C。
第四段的第二句为主题句，意为：我们的能量大多来白太阳。B项“The Most Important Source of Energy（最重要的能量来源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选B。
第五段的最后一句为主题句，意为；我们现在相信太阳的能量来自核反应，在此过程 中，氢转变为氦。A项“Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Sun' s Energy（核反应是太 阳能最持久的来源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选A。
第六段的最后一句为主题句，意为：科学家仍在继续寻找获取和使用能量的新的、更好 的方法。E项“Seeking New Sources of Energy（寻找新的能源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选E。
第一段的最后一句指出，“可见光和其他能产生热量和造成晒伤的能量都是电磁能的 例子”。故选A。
第二段的第二句指出，“我们能使用太阳能，因为电磁能可以在太空中穿梭”。故选B。
第四段的最后一句指出，“其他的发电机靠煤炭驱动，但是，煤炭中储存的能量也来自 于太阳”。C项中的“came from the sun (来自太阳）”与原句意思相符，故选C。
第五段的第五句指出，化学能来自于电子重组。故选F。第4部分：阅读理解第一篇 本文介绍了引起食物中毒的原因及食物中毒的预防和治疗处理措施。 -
第9题：
共用题干
Learn About Light
1 Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years?The Greek philoso-
phrrs believed that light was made up of countless,tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what
we call vision.However,Empedocles and a Dutch scientist named Christian Huygens believed that light wag
like a wave.According to them,light spread out and travelled like a straight line.This theory was accepted
during the 19th century.
2 In 1905,Albert Einstein published a research paper in which he explained what is referred to as the
photoelectric effect.This theory explains that particles make up light.The particles Einstein was referring to
are weightless bundles（束）of electromagnetic（电磁）energy called photons（光子）.Today,scientists agree
that light has a dual（二重）nature一it is part particle and part wave. It is a form of energy that allows us to
see things around us.
3 Things that give off light are known as sources of light.During the day,the primary source of light is
the sun.Other sources of light include stars,flames,flashllights,street lamps and glowing gases in glass
tube.
4 When we draw the way light travels we always use straight lines.This is because normally light rays
travel in a straight line.However,there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of
light. They are reflection,absorption,interference（干扰）,etc.
5 Physicists have attempted to measure the speed of light since the early times.In 1849,Hippolyte
Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror located kilometers away and placed
a rotating cogwheel（旋转齿轮）between the beam and the mirror. From the rate of rotation of the wheel,
number of wheel'S teeth and distance of the mirror,he was able to calculate that the speed of light is 313
million meters per second.In a vacuum（真空）,however,the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per
second.This is about a million times faster than the speed of an airplane.Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment to measure_________.
A:sources of light
B:the speed of light
C:the path of light
D:a straight line
E:a beam of light
F:a form of energy答案：B解析：第二段前半部分介绍了爱因斯坦的光电效应理论，后半部分则介绍了现代科学家对于 光的看法：他们认为光具有二重性。
第三段主要讲述了光源的定义和常见的光源，故选B。
第四段主要讲述了光的传播方式以及影响光的传播方式和性质的因素，故选D。
第五段以Flippolvte Fizeau为例，介绍了物理学家是如何测定光速的，故选C。
文章第一段中只提到光像一条直线一样传播，而并非说光是一条直线。另外，由第二段 最后一句话“it is a form of energy that allows us to see things around us.”可知，光是一种能让我 们看到周围事物的能量，故选F。
山第三段的最后一句话“Other sources of light include stars, flames, flashlights, street lamps and glowing gases in glass tube.”可知，应选A。
由第四段最后两句话可知，一些因素会影响光的传播路径，这些因素包括光的反射、光 的吸收和光的干扰，故选C。
由第五段的实例可知,Hippolyte Fizcau是用一束光测出了光的速度，故选B。第4部分；阅读理解第一篇 本篇文章主要讲述了石墨烯对于将未电子学发展的重要性以及人们可用一种简单的方式发 现石、墨烯。 -
第10题：
共用题干
Learn About Light
1 Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years?The Greek philoso-
phrrs believed that light was made up of countless,tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what
we call vision.However,Empedocles and a Dutch scientist named Christian Huygens believed that light wag
like a wave.According to them,light spread out and travelled like a straight line.This theory was accepted
during the 19th century.
2 In 1905,Albert Einstein published a research paper in which he explained what is referred to as the
photoelectric effect.This theory explains that particles make up light.The particles Einstein was referring to
are weightless bundles（束）of electromagnetic（电磁）energy called photons（光子）.Today,scientists agree
that light has a dual（二重）nature一it is part particle and part wave. It is a form of energy that allows us to
see things around us.
3 Things that give off light are known as sources of light.During the day,the primary source of light is
the sun.Other sources of light include stars,flames,flashllights,street lamps and glowing gases in glass
tube.
4 When we draw the way light travels we always use straight lines.This is because normally light rays
travel in a straight line.However,there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of
light. They are reflection,absorption,interference（干扰）,etc.
5 Physicists have attempted to measure the speed of light since the early times.In 1849,Hippolyte
Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror located kilometers away and placed
a rotating cogwheel（旋转齿轮）between the beam and the mirror. From the rate of rotation of the wheel,
number of wheel'S teeth and distance of the mirror,he was able to calculate that the speed of light is 313
million meters per second.In a vacuum（真空）,however,the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per
second.This is about a million times faster than the speed of an airplane.Some instances such as reflection and absorption can change_________.
A:sources of light
B:the speed of light
C:the path of light
D:a straight line
E:a beam of light
F:a form of energy答案：C解析：第二段前半部分介绍了爱因斯坦的光电效应理论，后半部分则介绍了现代科学家对于 光的看法：他们认为光具有二重性。
第三段主要讲述了光源的定义和常见的光源，故选B。
第四段主要讲述了光的传播方式以及影响光的传播方式和性质的因素，故选D。
第五段以Flippolvte Fizeau为例，介绍了物理学家是如何测定光速的，故选C。
文章第一段中只提到光像一条直线一样传播，而并非说光是一条直线。另外，由第二段 最后一句话“it is a form of energy that allows us to see things around us.”可知，光是一种能让我 们看到周围事物的能量，故选F。
山第三段的最后一句话“Other sources of light include stars, flames, flashlights, street lamps and glowing gases in glass tube.”可知，应选A。
由第四段最后两句话可知，一些因素会影响光的传播路径，这些因素包括光的反射、光 的吸收和光的干扰，故选C。
由第五段的实例可知,Hippolyte Fizcau是用一束光测出了光的速度，故选B。第4部分；阅读理解第一篇 本篇文章主要讲述了石墨烯对于将未电子学发展的重要性以及人们可用一种简单的方式发 现石、墨烯。 -
第11题：
If you are writing or studying,it makes very much difference where the light comes from.People who use books and pens every day have to be especially careful about the way the light shines on their work.
Every house gets its light either from daylight through the windows--which is the best to use--or from lamps or electricity;but whichever kind of light it is,the way it shines toward our book or work is a matter of great importance to the eyes.
Take a book,sit with your back toward the window,and try to read.Your shadow（影子）falls all over the page and makes it almost as bad for your eyes as if you were in a dark room.
Now turnaround and face the window.The page is in the shadow again,while the bright light is in your eyes.
Try sitting with your right side toward the window.This is very well for reading,but if you were writing,the shadow of your hand would fall across the page and bother（打搅）you a little.
There is just one other way:sit with your left side to the window.Now everything is perfect for reading and for writing,too.
Whatever kind of light is in the room,the rule about the right to sit is always the same.
Which of the following is true?A.How the light shines on our work is of much importance.
B.The way the light shines on your work makes no difference.
C.We needn't care about where the light comes from.
D.People can write or study under a light that comes from any direction.答案：A解析：考情点拨:事实细节题。应试指导:从第二段最后一句可知，不论是什么样的光，它照射在我们的书本上或者工作所需材料上的方式对我们的眼睛很重要。 -
第12题：
单选题When you leave, please turn off the light ______ energy.Asave
Bsaving
Csaved
Dto save
正确答案： A解析：
句意：当你离开时，请关灯以便节省能源。本题考查非谓语动词的用法。动词不定式在此作状语，表目的。因此选D项。 -
第13题：
共用题干
Electromagnetic Energy
1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
2 The sun is 93 million miles from the earth.Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.
3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves.Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio,television,or radar.Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living.Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer.X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators.Other generators are powered by coal,but the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.
5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If the sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy.About forty years after the theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man.Chemical energy comes from electron （电子）rearrangement.Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom.Compared with chemical reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.
6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of'power to generate electricity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.X-rays and gamma rays can be used to detect and treat cancer______.
A:when it is absorbed by matter
B:when it is cloudy
C:because they can pass through solid objects
D:when the sunrays are fierce.
E:when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place
F:when electron rearrangement takes place答案：C解析：通读文章可知，第三段第一句是段落主题句，紧接着围绕第一句进行了具体阐述，根据第一句中出现的“types of electromagnetic energy”可知，第三段主要讲述几种不同种类的电磁能，应选择C项。
根据第四段第一、二句可知，我们通常用电来生成电磁能，使用的很多能源都来自太阳。紧接着又表明，水能源于来自太阳的热能，煤储存的能量也是来自太阳。因此不难得出，第四段讲的是能量最重要的来源，即太阳。
第五段开头提到太阳能的来源仍是个谜，随后对此进行了分析，最后得出太阳能来自核反应释放的能量。由此可知，第五段主要讲的是，氢原子转变为氦原子的核反应释放的能量是太阳能的来源。几个选项中只有A项提到核反应是太阳能的持久来源，因此选择A项。
通读文章可知，第六段的最后一句是主题句。这句话的大意是：科学家正继续在寻找更好的新方法来获取并使用能源。几个选项中只有E项与之契合，因此选择E项。
根据第一段第四句可知，你即便在感到凉爽的阴天，也有可能被阳光灼伤，因此选择B项。
根据第三段第三、四句可知，红外线是电磁波，当它被物质吸收时，会产生能量。
根据第三段倒数第二、三句可知，X射线和伽马射线之所以能用来探测和治疗癌症，是因为具有很多能量的x射线和伽马射线能穿透固体。
根据第五段第五句可知，化学能是在电子重组时产生的。 -
第14题：
共用题干
Electromagnetic Energy
1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
2 The sun is 93 million miles from the earth.Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.
3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves.Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio,television,or radar.Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living.Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer.X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators.Other generators are powered by coal,but the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.
5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If the sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy.About forty years after the theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man.Chemical energy comes from electron （电子）rearrangement.Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom.Compared with chemical reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.
6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of'power to generate electricity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.One can get a sunburn even______.
A:when it is absorbed by matter
B:when it is cloudy
C:because they can pass through solid objects
D:when the sunrays are fierce.
E:when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place
F:when electron rearrangement takes place答案：B解析：通读文章可知，第三段第一句是段落主题句，紧接着围绕第一句进行了具体阐述，根据第一句中出现的“types of electromagnetic energy”可知，第三段主要讲述几种不同种类的电磁能，应选择C项。
根据第四段第一、二句可知，我们通常用电来生成电磁能，使用的很多能源都来自太阳。紧接着又表明，水能源于来自太阳的热能，煤储存的能量也是来自太阳。因此不难得出，第四段讲的是能量最重要的来源，即太阳。
第五段开头提到太阳能的来源仍是个谜，随后对此进行了分析，最后得出太阳能来自核反应释放的能量。由此可知，第五段主要讲的是，氢原子转变为氦原子的核反应释放的能量是太阳能的来源。几个选项中只有A项提到核反应是太阳能的持久来源，因此选择A项。
通读文章可知，第六段的最后一句是主题句。这句话的大意是：科学家正继续在寻找更好的新方法来获取并使用能源。几个选项中只有E项与之契合，因此选择E项。
根据第一段第四句可知，你即便在感到凉爽的阴天，也有可能被阳光灼伤，因此选择B项。
根据第三段第三、四句可知，红外线是电磁波，当它被物质吸收时，会产生能量。
根据第三段倒数第二、三句可知，X射线和伽马射线之所以能用来探测和治疗癌症，是因为具有很多能量的x射线和伽马射线能穿透固体。
根据第五段第五句可知，化学能是在电子重组时产生的。 -
第15题：
共用题干
Electromagnetic Energy
1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is
not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy
day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kind of energy that produce
warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
2 The sun is 93 million miles away from the earth.Yet we can use energy from the sun because elec-
tromagnetic energy travels through space.
3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signals
travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an
electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Waves of infrared and visible light
have more energy than waves of radio , television , or radar. Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are electro-
magnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating
buildings.Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is
useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right
through solid objects.They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden
cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the
sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is
trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators.Other generators are powered by coal,but
the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.
5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If
the.sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with
electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy.About forty years after the
theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man. Chemical energy comes from electron
（电子）rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemi-
cal reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that
the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.
6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate elec-
tncity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better
methods of obtaining and using energy.We can use energy from the sun because_____________.
A:electromagnetic energy
B:electromagnetic energy travels through space
C:came from the sun
D:when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place
E:when the sunrays are fierce
F:chemical energy is generated答案：B解析：第三段的第一句为主题句，意为：许多其他种类的能量也是不同类型的电磁能。该段列举了电磁能的具体例子，C项“Types of Electromagnetic Energy（电磁能的类型）”与主题句意思吻合，故选C。
第四段的第二句为主题句，意为：我们的能量大多来自太阳。B项“The Most ImportantSource of Energy（最重要的能量来源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选B。
第五段的最后一句为主题句，意为：我们现在相信太阳的能量来自核反应，在此过程 中，氢转变为氦。A项“Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Sun ' s Energy（核反应是太阳能最持久的来源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选A。
第六段的最后一句为主题句，意为：科学家仍在继续寻找获取和使用能量的新的、更好 的方法。E项“Seeking New Sources of Energy（寻找新的能源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选E。
第一段的最后一句指出，“可见光和其他能产生热量和造成晒伤的能量都是电磁能的例子”。故选A。
第二段的第二句指出，“我们能使用太阳能，因为电磁能可以在太空中穿梭”。故选B。
第四段的最后一句指出，“其他的发电机靠煤炭驱动，但是，煤炭中储存的能量也来自 于太阳”。C项中的“came from the sun（来自太阳）”与原句意思相符，故选C。
第五段的第五句指出，化学能来自于电子重组。故选F。第4部分：阅读理解第一篇 本文的主要内容是建筑工程师研究世贸大厦遗址及其周围幸存的建筑以设计出能够抵杭恐 怖袭击和爆炸的建筑。 -
第16题：
共用题干
Learn about Light
1 .Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years. The Greek philosophers believed that light was made up of countless,tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what we call vision. However,Empedocles and a Dutch scientist named Christian Huygens believed that light was like a wave. According to them,light spread out and travelled like a straight line. This theory was accepted during the 19th century.
2 .In 1905,Albert Einstein published a research paper in which he explained what is re-ferred to as the photoelectric effect. This theory explains that particles make up light.The particles Einstein was referring to are weightless bundles（束）of electromagnetic（电磁）energy called photons（光子）.Today,scientists agree that light has a dual（二重）nature一it is part particle and part wave. It is a form of energy that allows us to see things around us.
3 .Things that give off light are known as sources of light. During the day,the primary source of light is the sun. Other sources of light include stars,flames,flashlights,street lamps and glowing gases in glass tube.
4 .When we draw the way light travels we always use straight lines. This is because nor-mally light rays travel in a straight line. However,there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of light. They are reflection,absorption,interference（干扰）, etc.
5 .Physicists have attempted to measure the speed of light since the early times. In 1849, Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror located kilometers away and placed a rotating cogwheel（旋转齿轮）between the beam and the mirror. From the rate of rotation of the wheel,number of wheel's teeth and distance of the mirror,he was able to calculate that the speed of light is 313 million meters per second. In a vacuum（真空）,however,the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per second. This is about a million times faster than the speed of an airplane.Paragraph 3______
A: How Is the Nature of Light Explained Today?
B: What Are Sources of Light?
C: How Did Physicists Measure the Speed of Light?
D: How Does Light Travel?
E: How Did People Think of Light Years Ago?
F: What Causes a Shadow?答案：B解析：该概括大意与完成句子所选的阅读材料为记述文，段落主题相对于论述文而言较松散，因此记述文中的段落大意往往需要考生根据自己的理解而归纳概括出来。解答概括大意题的技巧往往派不上用场。第二段主要讲述现代科学家认同了爱因斯坦的光电效应理论。因此可以判断A选项“当今人们如何解释光的性质”正确。
第三段第一句“Things that give off light are known as sources of light.”就点明主旨，发光的物体是光源。所以B选项“什么是光源？”正确。
第四段主要讲述光传播的问题，所以D选项“光是如何传播的”正确。
第五段的关键字是speed of light，光速。所以C选项“物理学家如何测量光的速度”正确。
题干意为“人们可以看见物体是因为光……。“从第二段最后一句可知，人们看见物体是因为光是一种能量。所以F项a form of energy正确的。
题干意为“星星、火焰、手电筒都是……的例子。”第三段“Other sources of light include stars , flames , flashlights...”说明，这些都是光源的例子。所以A选项sourcesof light是正确的。
题干意为“某些情况下，如反射和吸收可以改变……。”第四段中“there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of light.They are reflection,ab-sorption , interference , etc.”这说明有一些情况可以改变光的路径。所以C选项the path of light是正确的。
题干意为“Hippolyte Fizeau做了一个刚试……的实验。”文中最后一段 “Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror...he was able to calculate that the speed of light...”可知Hippolyte Fizeau通过实验计算出了光速。所以B选项是正确的。 -
第17题：
共用题干
Learn about Light
1 .Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years. The Greek philosophers believed that light was made up of countless,tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what we call vision. However,Empedocles and a Dutch scientist named Christian Huygens believed that light was like a wave. According to them,light spread out and travelled like a straight line. This theory was accepted during the 19th century.
2 .In 1905,Albert Einstein published a research paper in which he explained what is re-ferred to as the photoelectric effect. This theory explains that particles make up light.The particles Einstein was referring to are weightless bundles（束）of electromagnetic（电磁）energy called photons（光子）.Today,scientists agree that light has a dual（二重）nature一it is part particle and part wave. It is a form of energy that allows us to see things around us.
3 .Things that give off light are known as sources of light. During the day,the primary source of light is the sun. Other sources of light include stars,flames,flashlights,street lamps and glowing gases in glass tube.
4 .When we draw the way light travels we always use straight lines. This is because nor-mally light rays travel in a straight line. However,there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of light. They are reflection,absorption,interference（干扰）, etc.
5 .Physicists have attempted to measure the speed of light since the early times. In 1849, Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror located kilometers away and placed a rotating cogwheel（旋转齿轮）between the beam and the mirror. From the rate of rotation of the wheel,number of wheel's teeth and distance of the mirror,he was able to calculate that the speed of light is 313 million meters per second. In a vacuum（真空）,however,the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per second. This is about a million times faster than the speed of an airplane.Some instances such as reflection and absorption can change______.
A: sources of light
B: the speed of light
C: the path of light
D: a straight line
E: a beam of light
F: a form of energy答案：C解析：该概括大意与完成句子所选的阅读材料为记述文，段落主题相对于论述文而言较松散，因此记述文中的段落大意往往需要考生根据自己的理解而归纳概括出来。解答概括大意题的技巧往往派不上用场。第二段主要讲述现代科学家认同了爱因斯坦的光电效应理论。因此可以判断A选项“当今人们如何解释光的性质”正确。
第三段第一句“Things that give off light are known as sources of light.”就点明主旨，发光的物体是光源。所以B选项“什么是光源？”正确。
第四段主要讲述光传播的问题，所以D选项“光是如何传播的”正确。
第五段的关键字是speed of light，光速。所以C选项“物理学家如何测量光的速度”正确。
题干意为“人们可以看见物体是因为光……。“从第二段最后一句可知，人们看见物体是因为光是一种能量。所以F项a form of energy正确的。
题干意为“星星、火焰、手电筒都是……的例子。”第三段“Other sources of light include stars , flames , flashlights...”说明，这些都是光源的例子。所以A选项sourcesof light是正确的。
题干意为“某些情况下，如反射和吸收可以改变……。”第四段中“there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of light.They are reflection,ab-sorption , interference , etc.”这说明有一些情况可以改变光的路径。所以C选项the path of light是正确的。
题干意为“Hippolyte Fizeau做了一个刚试……的实验。”文中最后一段 “Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror...he was able to calculate that the speed of light...”可知Hippolyte Fizeau通过实验计算出了光速。所以B选项是正确的。 -
第18题：
共用题干
Electromagnetic Energy
1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is
not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy
day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kind of energy that produce
warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
2 The sun is 93 million miles away from the earth.Yct we can use energy from die sun because elec-
tromagnetic energy travels through space.
3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signais
travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an
electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Wayes of infrared and visible light
have more energy than waves of radio,television,or radar. Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are eleetro-
magnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating
buildings.Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is
useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right
through solid objects.They can be used to detect and treat cancer。 X-rays are used in industry to find hidden
cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the
sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is
trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators,Other generators are powered by coal,but
the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.
5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If
the sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with
electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy．入bout forty years after the
theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man. Chemical energy comes from electron
（电子）rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemi-
cal reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that
the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.
6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate elec-
tricity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better
methods of obtaining and using energy.We can use energy from the sun because_______________.
A:electromagnetic energy
B:electromagnetic energy travels through space
C:came from the sun
D:when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place
E:whlen the sunrays are fierce
F:chemical energy is generated答案：B解析：第三段的第一句为主题句，意为：许多其他种类的能量也是不同类型的电磁能。该段 列举了电磁能的具体例子，C项“Types of Electromagnetic Energy（电磁能的类型）”与主题句意 思吻合，故选C。
第四段的第二句为主题句，意为：我们的能量大多来白太阳。B项“The Most Important Source of Energy（最重要的能量来源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选B。
第五段的最后一句为主题句，意为；我们现在相信太阳的能量来自核反应，在此过程 中，氢转变为氦。A项“Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Sun' s Energy（核反应是太 阳能最持久的来源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选A。
第六段的最后一句为主题句，意为：科学家仍在继续寻找获取和使用能量的新的、更好 的方法。E项“Seeking New Sources of Energy（寻找新的能源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选E。
第一段的最后一句指出，“可见光和其他能产生热量和造成晒伤的能量都是电磁能的 例子”。故选A。
第二段的第二句指出，“我们能使用太阳能，因为电磁能可以在太空中穿梭”。故选B。
第四段的最后一句指出，“其他的发电机靠煤炭驱动，但是，煤炭中储存的能量也来自 于太阳”。C项中的“came from the sun (来自太阳）”与原句意思相符，故选C。
第五段的第五句指出，化学能来自于电子重组。故选F。第4部分：阅读理解第一篇 本文介绍了引起食物中毒的原因及食物中毒的预防和治疗处理措施。 -
第19题：
共用题干
Electromagnetic Energy
1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is
not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy
day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kind of energy that produce
warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
2 The sun is 93 million miles away from the earth.Yct we can use energy from die sun because elec-
tromagnetic energy travels through space.
3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signais
travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an
electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Wayes of infrared and visible light
have more energy than waves of radio,television,or radar. Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are eleetro-
magnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating
buildings.Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is
useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right
through solid objects.They can be used to detect and treat cancer。 X-rays are used in industry to find hidden
cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the
sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is
trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators,Other generators are powered by coal,but
the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.
5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If
the sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with
electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy．入bout forty years after the
theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man. Chemical energy comes from electron
（电子）rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemi-
cal reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that
the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.
6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate elec-
tricity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better
methods of obtaining and using energy.The energy stored in coal_______________.
A:electromagnetic energy
B:electromagnetic energy travels through space
C:came from the sun
D:when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place
E:whlen the sunrays are fierce
F:chemical energy is generated答案：C解析：第三段的第一句为主题句，意为：许多其他种类的能量也是不同类型的电磁能。该段 列举了电磁能的具体例子，C项“Types of Electromagnetic Energy（电磁能的类型）”与主题句意 思吻合，故选C。
第四段的第二句为主题句，意为：我们的能量大多来白太阳。B项“The Most Important Source of Energy（最重要的能量来源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选B。
第五段的最后一句为主题句，意为；我们现在相信太阳的能量来自核反应，在此过程 中，氢转变为氦。A项“Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Sun' s Energy（核反应是太 阳能最持久的来源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选A。
第六段的最后一句为主题句，意为：科学家仍在继续寻找获取和使用能量的新的、更好 的方法。E项“Seeking New Sources of Energy（寻找新的能源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选E。
第一段的最后一句指出，“可见光和其他能产生热量和造成晒伤的能量都是电磁能的 例子”。故选A。
第二段的第二句指出，“我们能使用太阳能，因为电磁能可以在太空中穿梭”。故选B。
第四段的最后一句指出，“其他的发电机靠煤炭驱动，但是，煤炭中储存的能量也来自 于太阳”。C项中的“came from the sun (来自太阳）”与原句意思相符，故选C。
第五段的第五句指出，化学能来自于电子重组。故选F。第4部分：阅读理解第一篇 本文介绍了引起食物中毒的原因及食物中毒的预防和治疗处理措施。 -
第20题：
共用题干
Electromagnetic Energy
1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is
not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy
day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kind of energy that produce
warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
2 The sun is 93 million miles away from the earth.Yct we can use energy from die sun because elec-
tromagnetic energy travels through space.
3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signais
travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an
electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Wayes of infrared and visible light
have more energy than waves of radio,television,or radar. Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are eleetro-
magnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating
buildings.Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is
useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right
through solid objects.They can be used to detect and treat cancer。 X-rays are used in industry to find hidden
cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the
sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is
trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators,Other generators are powered by coal,but
the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.
5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If
the sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with
electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy．入bout forty years after the
theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man. Chemical energy comes from electron
（电子）rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemi-
cal reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that
the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.
6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate elec-
tricity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better
methods of obtaining and using energy.Visible light that produces warmth is an example of _______________.
A:electromagnetic energy
B:electromagnetic energy travels through space
C:came from the sun
D:when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place
E:whlen the sunrays are fierce
F:chemical energy is generated答案：A解析：第三段的第一句为主题句，意为：许多其他种类的能量也是不同类型的电磁能。该段 列举了电磁能的具体例子，C项“Types of Electromagnetic Energy（电磁能的类型）”与主题句意 思吻合，故选C。
第四段的第二句为主题句，意为：我们的能量大多来白太阳。B项“The Most Important Source of Energy（最重要的能量来源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选B。
第五段的最后一句为主题句，意为；我们现在相信太阳的能量来自核反应，在此过程 中，氢转变为氦。A项“Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Sun' s Energy（核反应是太 阳能最持久的来源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选A。
第六段的最后一句为主题句，意为：科学家仍在继续寻找获取和使用能量的新的、更好 的方法。E项“Seeking New Sources of Energy（寻找新的能源）”与主题句意思吻合，故选E。
第一段的最后一句指出，“可见光和其他能产生热量和造成晒伤的能量都是电磁能的 例子”。故选A。
第二段的第二句指出，“我们能使用太阳能，因为电磁能可以在太空中穿梭”。故选B。
第四段的最后一句指出，“其他的发电机靠煤炭驱动，但是，煤炭中储存的能量也来自 于太阳”。C项中的“came from the sun (来自太阳）”与原句意思相符，故选C。
第五段的第五句指出，化学能来自于电子重组。故选F。第4部分：阅读理解第一篇 本文介绍了引起食物中毒的原因及食物中毒的预防和治疗处理措施。 -
第21题：
共用题干
Learn About Light
1 Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years?The Greek philoso-
phrrs believed that light was made up of countless,tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what
we call vision.However,Empedocles and a Dutch scientist named Christian Huygens believed that light wag
like a wave.According to them,light spread out and travelled like a straight line.This theory was accepted
during the 19th century.
2 In 1905,Albert Einstein published a research paper in which he explained what is referred to as the
photoelectric effect.This theory explains that particles make up light.The particles Einstein was referring to
are weightless bundles（束）of electromagnetic（电磁）energy called photons（光子）.Today,scientists agree
that light has a dual（二重）nature一it is part particle and part wave. It is a form of energy that allows us to
see things around us.
3 Things that give off light are known as sources of light.During the day,the primary source of light is
the sun.Other sources of light include stars,flames,flashllights,street lamps and glowing gases in glass
tube.
4 When we draw the way light travels we always use straight lines.This is because normally light rays
travel in a straight line.However,there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of
light. They are reflection,absorption,interference（干扰）,etc.
5 Physicists have attempted to measure the speed of light since the early times.In 1849,Hippolyte
Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror located kilometers away and placed
a rotating cogwheel（旋转齿轮）between the beam and the mirror. From the rate of rotation of the wheel,
number of wheel'S teeth and distance of the mirror,he was able to calculate that the speed of light is 313
million meters per second.In a vacuum（真空）,however,the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per
second.This is about a million times faster than the speed of an airplane.Objects are visible to the human eye as light is_______.
A:sources of light
B:the speed of light
C:the path of light
D:a straight line
E:a beam of light
F:a form of energy答案：F解析：第二段前半部分介绍了爱因斯坦的光电效应理论，后半部分则介绍了现代科学家对于 光的看法：他们认为光具有二重性。
第三段主要讲述了光源的定义和常见的光源，故选B。
第四段主要讲述了光的传播方式以及影响光的传播方式和性质的因素，故选D。
第五段以Flippolvte Fizeau为例，介绍了物理学家是如何测定光速的，故选C。
文章第一段中只提到光像一条直线一样传播，而并非说光是一条直线。另外，由第二段 最后一句话“it is a form of energy that allows us to see things around us.”可知，光是一种能让我 们看到周围事物的能量，故选F。
山第三段的最后一句话“Other sources of light include stars, flames, flashlights, street lamps and glowing gases in glass tube.”可知，应选A。
由第四段最后两句话可知，一些因素会影响光的传播路径，这些因素包括光的反射、光 的吸收和光的干扰，故选C。
由第五段的实例可知,Hippolyte Fizcau是用一束光测出了光的速度，故选B。第4部分；阅读理解第一篇 本篇文章主要讲述了石墨烯对于将未电子学发展的重要性以及人们可用一种简单的方式发 现石、墨烯。 -
第22题：
共用题干
第三篇
Weaving with Light
In the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico,the native Huichol people live much the
way their ancestors did一without electricity,That’s because it's too expensive to string power lines to the
remote mountain areas where they live.To help support themselves,the Huichol create beautiful artwork.
They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages.And without electricity一at home or
on the road,they can only work during daylight hours?When it gets dark,they must stop whatever they're
doing.
Now，a team of scientists,designers,and architects is using new technologies to provide the Huichol
with light after the sun sets.The scientists'technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics
that can be made into clothes,bags,or other items.
By collecting the sun’s energy during the day,these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light at
night一 Their inventors have named the fabrics" Portable（轻便的）Lights."Portable Lights have the potential
to transform the lives of people without electricity around the world.
At the core of Portable Lights technology are devices called high-brightness light-emitting diodes（高亮
度发光二极管）,or HB LEDs. These tiny lights appear in digital clocks, televisions, and streetlights.
LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs（灯泡）.Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type
called incandescent lights（白炽灯）.Inside, electricity heats a metal coil（线圈）to about 2. 200 degrees
Celsius.At that temperature,bulbs give off light we can see.Ninety percent of energy produced by mnean-
descent lights,however,is heat一and invisible.With all that wasted energy,bulbs burn out quickly. They
are also easily broken.
LEDs,on the other hand,are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules（分子）that are arranged in
a crystal structure.When an electric current passes through a LED,the crystal structure produces light. Un-
like incandescent bulbs,they can produce light of various colors.Within a LED,the type of molecules and
their particular arrangement determine what color is produced.All of the following are disadvantages of incandescent lights EXCEPT that__________.
A:they are not bright enough
B:they burn out quickly
C:they are easily broken
D:they waste most of the energy produced答案：A解析：由文章第一段第二句话可知答案为C。
由文章第一段第三、四句话可知答案为B。
由文章第四段第一句话可知答案为D。
由文章第五段可知这种灯具有大部分能源浪费了、易碎、易耗尽的缺点。
由文章最后两句话可知，LED不同于灯泡之处在于它能发出不同颜色的光。第5部分：补全短文 -
第23题：
单选题It can be concluded from the passage that ______.Ait is hopeful to bring solar energy into average households
Bit is feasible to use nuclear energy to run home appliances
Cit is economical to use water to heat houses
Dit is possible to use wind to power machines
正确答案： A解析：
录音中指出通过使用hybrid nanorod polymer composite可以极大降低利用太阳能的成本，虽然目前为止nanorod polymer cells的转换效率只是2%多一点，但是研究者相信效率能得到极大提高，由此可推断太阳能在普通家庭的使用是有望实现的。
【录音原文】
Millions of people around the world would like to heat their homes and run household appliances with solar power. But the cost of doing so puts it out of the question. The first problem is that the cells convert only 10％-15％of the radiation from the sun into energy. The second is that the photovoltaic (PV) material used is a form of silicon that has to be made under high vacuum conditions and heated in special kilns to 1.400℃. That makes photovoltaic solar cells horrendously expensive.
How to bring the high costs down to a more manageable amount? One answer that is attracting attention is to use carbon “nanorods”, superstrong cylinders of carbon atoms that are 75, 000 times thinner than a human hair. If scientists succeed in their efforts, carbon-based solar cells could cost as little as a tenth of the price of today’s silicon-based versions.
By placing the flexible nanorods in a polymer solution, researchers found it could produce a composite material that had the elasticity and pliability of plastic, but capable converting solar rays into electrical energy. Inorganic nanocrystals behave a lot like polymers. For instance, they can be processed while still in the form of a solution. Scientists had been working with plastics as an alternative to conventional solar cells, but found that they did not conduct electricity particularly well.
Compared with the arduous process of fabricating conventional solar cells, making the hybrid nanorod polymer composite would be more like manufacturing cheap plastic laminates. That could solve the cost part of the solar energy equation. But what about the conversion efficiency? So far, the conversion efficiency of nanorod polymer cells has been little more than 2％. However, researchers are confident that the efficiency can be improved considerably.