问答题请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400～600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范，表达得体，内容切题，条理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合导游语言要求，能反映昆区的艺术特点及其在中华传统文化中的地位。 题目：昆曲
题目
问答题
请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400～600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范，表达得体，内容切题，条理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合导游语言要求，能反映昆区的艺术特点及其在中华传统文化中的地位。 题目：昆曲
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更多“问答题请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400～600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范，表达得体，内容切题，条理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合导游语言要求，能反映昆区的艺术特点及其在中华传统文化中的地位。 题目：昆曲”相关问题
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第1题：
请就给定资料6、13、17所反映的主要社会问题，自拟题目，写一篇议论文。要求：
1．论题不可脱离资料6、13、17所反映的主要问题；
2．观点明确，联系实际，条理清楚，语言流畅；
3．不得照搬给定的资料；
4．总字数800-1000字。
正确答案：
参考例文
让“潜规则”在完善的法治体系面前失效
行有行规，国有国法。合理正当的规则，是保证经济社会正常运行和健康发展的必要条件。为经济和社会提供规范的运行轨道，正是制定法律和行业规则的目的所在。有一种规则对经济和社会是有害的，这就是公开宣布的法律、政策等正式规则之外的“潜规则”。
当一个社会正式规则无法约束成员的行为，实际发生效力的是“潜规则”，主管部门的三令五申，远不及形形色色的“潜规则”实际有力，无论教师、学生、家长还是患者、家属、药品推销人员，对考试成绩和“红包”决定一切的现实，都无例外地选择了顺从，这个社会就处在了危险中。
本为法规所不容的“潜规则”，之所以成为社会潜意识而通行无阻，首先由于法律不完善，对行业不正之风问题的界定不够明晰，使查处缺乏强有力的依据；其次由于监管不到位，使许多隐蔽很深的问题难以发现；最后，由于“潜规则”与当事人切身利益相关，使人们欲拒不能。正是在多种复杂因素的作用下，大量“潜规则”得以存在于灰色地带，对法治尊严和社会风气造成严重侵蚀，直接威胁到党和政府的执政基础。因此，破除“潜规则”，整治行业不正之风，已到了迫在眉睫的关头。
完善的法治体系是“潜规则”的克星。抵御和破除“潜规则”，必须完善司法体系，使法律本身无隙可乘。一方面，要严密立法，对教育、医疗、商业等容易发生“潜规则”私下交易现象的领域，要充实完善《反不正当竞争法》等有关法律法规的条文，并制定专项实施细则，明确私下交易、强买强卖、损害公平等行为的法律责任和惩治措施，使此类行为查处起来有法可依；另一方面，要严格执法，对有令不行、有禁不止的违法违规行为，雷厉风行地查处，增强法律的严肃性和威慑力。
在此基础上，要建立公平的交易体系。加快建立单位和个人诚信管理制度，使社会成员的信用状况得到如实记录并公开、透明；加强职业道德与行风建设，强化抵制不正之风的内在约束；加强对社会成员履行法律责任和承诺义务情况的监督，使每名不守规则者承担相应的代价，对于保障交易公平，降低交易成本，三者缺一不可。
同时，要在全社会开展抵制不正之风的宣传教育，澄清公众对“潜规则”的错误认识，形成“潜规则”人人喊打的态势，使其在社会生活中没有立足之地。
一切寒冰也无法抵御阳光。随着我国法治进程的推进，“潜规则”这一社会现象必将在法治的阳光下冰消雪化。 -
第2题：
导游语言艺术中要求导游语言要规范性、科学性，同时语言使用上要把握好“度”，这体现了导游语言艺术（）的基本要求。
- A、通俗、流畅
- B、生动、灵活
- C、求实、创新
- D、准确、适中
正确答案:D -
第3题：
导游语言艺术既要求导游语言具有规范性、科学性，又要求语言使用上要把握好“度”，这体现了导游语言艺术（）的基本要求。
- A、通俗、流畅
- B、生动、灵活
- C、求实、创新
- D、准确、适中
正确答案:D -
第4题：
问答题请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400～600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范、表达得体、内容切题、条理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合导游语言要求，能体现北京师范大学的历史和使命。 题目：北京师范大学正确答案：
【参考范文】
Beijing Normal University (1)One hundred years ago, the Faculty of Education of the Metropolitan University, which was the predecessor of Beijing Normal University, started to recruit students, which ushered in China’s modern training of teachers at the higher level. In the past one hundred years, the Beijing Normal University has grown and progressed along with the Chinese people’s struggle for national independence, prosperity and people’s well-being. The teachers and students of the University showed their lofty patriotism by actively taking part in various revolutionary campaigns against imperialism and feudalism including the May 4th Movement and the December 9th Movement. Beijing Normal University was also a launching pad for new ideas and new cultures during the New Culture Movement. Motivated by a strong sense of responsibility for the nation and the people, the faculty and students of Beijing Normal University have always strived to live up to the motto of “studying to teach and acting to example” and cultivated a free tradition of patriotism, progress, honesty, innovation, troth-seeking and being a paragon in virtue and learning. Beijing Normal University has long since become a well-known institution of higher learning with a strong teaching staff and prestigious academic strength and is now well on its way to becoming a world-class quality normal university.
(2)The 21st century has been witnessing great progress of science and technology and intensified competition worldwide. The competition among nations, in the final analysis, boils down to competition of their human talents and their abilities to innovate. As the basis for nurturing human talents and increasing national innovativeness, education must be put at an important place in our overall strategy of the modernization program. Our strategy of revitalizing the country through science and education must be unswervingly carded out so that more qualified builders of socialism with Chinese characteristics, more innovative talents with high qualifies will be brought to the fore, with the view to steadily raising the moral, scientific and cultural levels of the nation as a whole. This is what the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation requires and also a historical task for education in the socialist period.
(3)Teachers play a significant role in implementing the education policy of the Party, promoting educational innovation and nurturing high-caliber talents. Therefore, in this golden age, a large contingent of high-minded, patriotic and devoted teachers are expected to serve the society. It is hoped that our teachers can impart knowledge, guide people and act as paragons of virtue and learning. It is also expected that our teachers can remain scrupulous and diligent in their scholarly pursuit and keep progressing with the times.
【行文点评】
第一段介绍北京师范大学的历史。北京师范大学前身是京师大学堂。一百年来,北师大师生与国家共进退,表现了崇高的爱国主义精神,同时北师大自身不断发展,已经成为师资力量雄厚、学术声誉远播的著名学府。
第二段阐述了教育对当今国家发展的重要性,我国需要坚持科教兴国战略,不断造就大批高素质人才,提高全民族的思想文化素质。
第三段介绍了北师大所培养的人民教师的使命,要志存高远、爱国敬业,要为人师表、教书育人,要严谨笃学、与时俱进。解析： 暂无解析 -
第5题：
问答题请用所报考语种写出一篇400～600字关于武当拳的导游解说词。要求语言规范、表达得体、内容切题、条理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合导游语言要求。全文应包括以下主要内容： （1）武当内家拳的创造； （2）武当内家拳的流派和特点。正确答案：
【参考范文】
Wudang Inner Boxing (1)As an old saying goes, Wudang-style boxing from the south is esteemed while Shaolin-style boxing from the north is respected. Wudang inner boxing is one of the most famous boxing style in China. Dating back to about six hundred years ago, Wudang inner boxing was created in Wudang Mountain by Zhang Sanfeng, a miraculous prodigy, with Shadow Boxing as the nucleus of this martial arts system. As the legend goes, Zhang Sanfeng was born in the east of today’s Liaoning Province at the end of Song Dynasty. When he was young, he learned from and made friends with different people and peregrinated all corners of the country. Later, he dwelled in Jintai Temple in Baoji where he was inspired by Master Fire Dragon and retreated in Wudang Mountain, which is the origin of Chinese Taoism since the great philosopher and health-preserving expert Lao Tzu and his disciple, Master Yinxi, practiced Taoism there 2000 years ago. There Zhang Sanfeng cultivated himself and the cultivation was a great success. He lived in the world for more than 300 years, but nobody ever knew when and where and how he died. During his recluse, Sanfeng observed a sparrow and a snake fighting each other and was deeply amazed by the movements of the two, which he later tried to imitate. Before long, having combined the strong points of various Wushu schools, with the Taoist health-preserving contained in it, Zhang Sanfeng created inner boxing, which has then been passed on till the present day.
(2)On the basis of recordation, the inner boxing Zhang Sanfeng created then was the style of Taichi. Later, as different schools came into being, some minor changes have been made to the styles and the characteristics. But in Wudang Mountain, they are almost the same, which focus on Taichi and Bagua boxing. Such types of inner boxing as Xingyi, Baxian, Baji and Xuangong, have been taken to Wudang Mountain by later generations. Wudang inner boxing is a miracle skill combined with Wushu and health-preserving. It features slight motion’s conquering violent motion and mildness’ conquering firmness-called “four liang vs one thousand fin” or winning only after the enemy has attacked you. Without any obvious break, the movements of inner boxing are like the floating clouds and flowing water. Inner boxing deserves the fame of the essence of Chinese martial arts and the treasure of Oriental culture, blessing people with more potential, more wisdom, more spirit, better body shape and, above all, better health and longevity.
【行文点评】
第一段介绍武当内家拳的创造历史,重点讲述了其创造者张三丰的传奇故事。张三丰拜师访友,修炼武术,观雀蛇斗智,终始创内家拳于武当。
第二段介绍了武当内家拳的众多流派,其中武当山派一脉相传。之后介绍了内家拳的武术特点,其对人体益处多多。解析： 暂无解析 -
第6题：
问答题请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400～600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范，表达得体，内容切题，条理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合导游语言要求，能反映京剧的历史及其在中西文化交流中的地位。 题目：京剧正确答案：
【参考范文】
Peking Opera of China (1)Peking Opera is the quintessence of China. As the largest Chinese opera form, it is extolled as ‘Oriental Opera’. Having a history of 160 years, it has created many ‘firsts’ in Chinese dramas: the abundance of repertoires, the number of artists, opera troupes and spectators.
(2)Peking Opera of China originated from Anhui opera. In the 55th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, four local opera troupes from Anhui came to the imperial court in Beijing and gained an unprecedented success. The Anhui troupes often performed together with Han dialect artists from Hubei, which gave birth to Peking opera. This is a new dramatic form which absorbed all the essence of Kun Qu, Qin Qiang and Bang Zi and other local operas. Peking Opera has been gradually localizedi in its 200 years of development and acquired characteristics of Beijing dialect in singing, dialogue making and rhyming. And the musical instruments used on Peking opera are blendings of inventions from many different ethnic groups. Peking opera finally became a mature art form.
(3)Peking Opera can be divided into “civil” pieces characterized by singing, and “martial” ones featuring acrobatics and stunts. Some operas are a combination of both. Peking Opera has chang (singing), nian (dialogue), zuo (acting) and da (martial arts) as its basic performing forms. Sheng, dan, jing, chou are in fact terms for different types of roles. Sheng is the positive male role, dan is the positive female role, while ring is a supporting male role with a striking character and chou is the clown or a negative character. Every type of role wears its own facial makeup and costume, which is so telltale that you can figure out its identity the moment it appears on the stage.
One major characteristic of Peking opera is the color painted on the face of a character. It is suggestive of the character’s temperament and personality as well as its role and fate in the play. It is vital to the understanding of a play. Put in simple terms, red is appreciative, standing for loyalty and valor; black represents a neutral role, representing vigor and wisdom. Blue and green represent neutral character of rebellious heroes. Yellow and white both suggest cunning, negative characters. And gold and silver represent mystic or supernatural power.
(4)Amateur performers are called “piao you” and there are very famous ones, such as emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty. He was both a good amateur Peking opera singer and a skillful drummer in the Peking opera orchestra. The Empress Dowager Cixi was a famous Peking opera fan. The largest theatre in China at the time are still standing in the Summer Palace. It is a 21-metre, three-stored building, which is a proof of the Dowager’s love for Peking opera.
Since Mei Lanfang visited Japan in 1919, Peking opera has become more and more popular with people all around the world, and it has made great contribution to the promotion of the cultural exchange between China and the West, and the friendship and understanding between the Chinese people and people all over the world.
【行文点评】
(1)第一段提出京剧是我国的国粹,它被誉为“东方戏曲”,曾创造了中国戏剧的许多“第一”。
(2)第二段介绍了京剧的起源和发展历史,中国京剧起源于徽剧,经过200多年的发展,京剧最终成为一种成熟的艺术形式。
(3)第三段介绍了京剧的分类以及京剧的表演形式,并依次介绍了京剧的角色分类,即“生、旦、净、丑”。第四段介绍了不同颜色的京剧脸谱代表了个人的性格和品质、角色和命运。
(4)第五段介绍了有名的京剧“票友”和戏迷。最后一段介绍了随着京剧大师梅兰芳访日以来,京剧在中西文化交流中做出了卓越贡献。解析： 暂无解析 -
第7题：
问答题请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400～600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范，表达得体，内容切题，条理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合导游语言要求，能反映长城的悠久历史和文化底蕴。 题目：长城正确答案：
【参考范文】
The Great Wall (1)The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world famous. It is like a dragon entrenched in the vast land of northern China. It is the crystallization of labor people’s blood and sweat in ancient China and also a symbol of ancient Chinese culture and the pride of the Chinese nation.
(2)The Great Wall was continuously built from the 3rd century BC to the 17th century AD on the northern border of the country as the great military defence project of successive Chinese Empires, with a total length of more than 20,000 kilometers. In the turbulent Zhou Dynasty that consisted of Western Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn Period, and Warring States Period, several contemporary powerful states were established. In order to defend themselves, they all built walls and stationed troops on their borders. In 221 BC, Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified China for the first time after defeating the other states. As the central plain was constantly assaulted by the northern Huns, Emperor Qin Shi Huang sent the great general Meng Tian to fight back. At the same time, he ordered that the sections of the Great Wall created by different states be linked together and extended. Thereafter, the Great Wall, which runs eastward from Lintao to Yalu River in Liaoning Province, flew over mountain ridges, rivers, deserts, and plains in north China like a giant dragon.
After Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s death, the Qin Dynasty soon came to an end due to mass uprisings. Han Dynasty was then established by Emperor Gaozu, who had the previous wall renovated and reinforced. Later, Emperor Wu of Han constructed the Great Wall in a large scale. He had Yanmenguan Pass restored in 130 BC, and the Qin Dynasty Wall renovated in 127 BC. In order to protect the Hexi Corridor, he ordered the defensive line between Yongdeng County and Jiuquan in Gansu Province be built in 121 BC. After Han Dynasty, the Great Wall continued to be renovated and built in each dynasty.
(3)Great Wall carries a considerable part of Chinese culture. It reflects collision and exchanges between agricultural civilizations and nomadic civilizations in ancient China. It provides significant physical evidence of the far-sighted political strategic thinking and mighty military and national defence forces of central empires in ancient China, and is an outstanding example of the superb military architecture, technology and art of ancient China.
The Great Wall has long been incorporated into Chinese mythology and symbolism. The most well-known legend is about the collapse of a section of the Wall caused by Meng Jiangnu, who cried bitterly over the death of her husband after he died while building the wall. This legend has been spread widely through textbooks, folk songs and traditional operas.
(4)Although the Great Wall has already lost its military value, it still attracts a lot of Chinese and foreign tourists with its unique charm, which makes it become the world famous tourist resort. With the development of the tourism industry, the Great Wall is the symbol of the Chinese nation and the it’s also the world’s important cultural heritage. With more high quality tourism services and more beautiful environment, the Great Wall is ready to meet the arrival of visitors!
【行文点评】
(1)第一段介绍了长城在中国和世界的地位,它是世界著名的奇迹之一,也是中国古代文化的象征和中华民族的骄傲。
(2)第二段和第三段介绍了长城修筑的历史,从春秋战国时期,诸侯就开始修筑长城,之后的历朝历代,长城都会被翻新或是加长。
(3)第四段介绍了长城反映了中国文化的一部分,它代表了中国古代农业文明和游牧文明的碰撞和交流。第五段介绍了长城一直以来都是中国神话和象征的一部分,并列举了孟姜女哭长城的例子。
(4)文章最后一段讲述在旅游业发展的今天,长城作为中华民族的象征将会以更优质的旅游服务、更优美的旅游环境迎接着游客的到来。解析： 暂无解析 -
第8题：
问答题请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400～600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范，表达得体，内容切题，条理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合导游语言要求，能反映黄鹤楼的景色及其历史文化 题目：黄鹤楼正确答案：
【参考范文】
The Yellow Crane Tower (1)As one of the symbols of the Wuhan city, the Yellow Crane Tower is standing on the top of the Snake Hill. It is well-known as the top of the three famous towers in South China and one of the top forty national tourist destinations in China.
(2)The Yellow Crane Tower was originally built for military purposes. In the Three Kingdoms Period, the tower was built as a watchtower in one corner of the Xiakou city to observe the enemy’s activity. After the unifying of the whole country, the tower lost its military value and gradually turned into a place for the common people to view scenes. With the development of the city, this tower was becoming a tourist attraction. In the Tang Dynasty, a large number of literati visited here, leaving abundance of famous poems which made the Yellow Crane Tower well-known to more and more people. The Yellow Crane Tower was first built in the year 223 and it was last reconstructed in 1985. During 1762 years, according to accessible literature, the tower was demolished for 12 times and rebuilt for 12 times and renovated for scores of times. Again and again, wars and fires turned the famous tower into ashes, but after each time restored by the people of Hubei.
(3)The current tower was completed in 1985 and its design derived from a picture of Qing dynasty. It stands 51.4meters high and has 5 floors. The appearance of the tower is the same regardless of the direction it is viewed from. The tower has 60 upturned eaves layer upon layer, covered with yellow glazed tiles and supported with 72 huge pillars. The first floor has an inner height of over 12 meters. On entering the hall, people could see two pillars with couplets. Each of the upper and lower couplets is as long as 10 meters. On the wall facing the entrance is a mural painting measuring 9 by 6 meters and made of 756 enameled pieces, with the name “White Clouds and Yellow Crane”. There is a gold-plating tablet inscribed with “A Record of the Yellow Crane Tower” written by Tang Yanboli in the hall on the second floor, which records the historical view of the Yellow Crane Tower in the Tang Dynasty. What attracts most eyes in the third floor hall is a famous couplet on the pillars which depicts the imposing Yellow Crane Tower with verve and praises the feats of ancient celebrities. The fourth floor serves as an “interlude” in the tower and works of some famous contemporary calligraphers are hung on the wall of the hall. In the fifth floor, people could see the mural painting named “Boundless River Flowing to the Sky’s End”, representing the scene that Yangtze River rolls forward with unstoppable momentum.
(4)The Yellow Crane Tower is closely associated with its surroundings, in other words, the beauty of the tower is inseparable from its natural environment. Combining the classic poetry and modern beauty, the Yellow Crane Tower reflects the Chinese traditional customs of climbing mountains and getting close to the nature.
【行文点评】
(1)第一段黄鹤楼是武汉市的象征之一,被誉为华南三大名塔之首。
(2)第二段介绍黄鹤楼的历史,黄鹤楼最初是为了军事目的而建造的,由于国家的统一,黄鹤楼失去了它的军事价值,逐渐成为老百姓观赏风景的场所。
(3)第三段介绍现在的黄鹤楼,黄鹤楼高51.4米,共5层,每一层都可以看到不同的与黄鹤楼有关的作品。
(4)文章最后一段介绍黄鹤楼集古典诗歌与现代美于一体,体现了中国登山、亲近自然的传统习俗。解析： 暂无解析 -
第9题：
单选题导游语言各要素中，言之有理要求的是导游语言应具有（ ）。A思想性
B科学性
C规范性
D逻辑性
正确答案： C解析： 导游语言“八要素”中，言之有理体现了导游语言的思想性（又称哲理性）；言之有物、言之有据体现了导游语言的科学性和知识性；言之有神、言之有趣、言之有喻是导游语言的艺术性和趣味性；言之有礼、言之有情则是导游人员的文化修养在导游讲解中的具体体现。 -
第10题：
判断题导游语言是一项综合性的表演艺术，要求有很强的口头表达能力，所以语言是导游人员最重要的工具。A对
B错
正确答案： 错解析： 暂无解析 -
第11题：
问答题请用所报考语种写出一篇400～600字关于圆明园的导游解说词。要求语言规范、表达得体、内容切题、条理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合导游语言要求。全文应包括以下主要内容： （1）圆明园的地理位置和自然风光； （2）圆明园的文化价值； （3）圆明园的屈辱历史； （4）中国政府对圆明园的修复和开发。正确答案：
【参考范文】
Yuanmingyuan (1)Located in the northern part of Haidian District in Beijing, Yuanmingyuan is composed of three comparatively independent but interconnected gardens. With an area of about 350 hectares, Yuanmingyuan was grand in scale and charming in scenery. Its green hills and splendid buildings were laid out with amazing appeal, and decorated with thriving trees and pretty flowers. About 40 percent of the garden was covered by rivers and lakes, connected into an integral system by winding streams and dotted with more than 250 hills and rock formations. The water’s constant murmur rendered life and soul to the hills and rocks.
(2)Yuanmingyuan was not only famous for its beauty. It was also an imperial museum with a great collection of cultural treasures. The French writer Victor Hugo once commented, “With all its treasures, Notre Dame in Paris is no match for Yuanmingyuan, that enormous and magnificent museum in the East.” As one of the four most famous imperial libraries, the Wenyuan Hall in the garden originally housed great many precious ancient books such as The Complete Library of Four Branches of Books, Gems of the Complete Library of Four Branches of Books, and A Collection of Books of Ancient and Modern Times.
(3)However, the skill and sophistication of the builders of this historic “Versailles of the East”, and the precious cultural treasures in it, failed to escape the destruction conducted by the Western powers. In 1860, the Anglo-French forces sacked and looted Yuanmingyuan and burned it to the ground. From then on, the garden continuously suffered severe damage at the hands of the warlords, bandits, and the Eight-Power Allied Forces. Its former charm and glory no more, the entire garden lay in clusters of ruins and debris. It witnessed the atrocities of the Western powers and the corruption and incompetence of the Qing rulers, and admonished the Chinese people never to forget the tragedy.
(4)The wheels of history, however, move on inexorably. Yuanmingyuan has since been greatly changed, after the birth of the People’s Republic. The Chinese government has paid much attention to the preservation of the ruins. The district and municipal governments have placed Yuanmingyuan on a list of key cultural sites under special protection. Residential land has been requisitioned, and massive reforestation efforts have been made. Painstaking work in decades has turned half of the garden into green groves teeming with a vast number of trees. Most of the building foundations have been unearthed, and the remains of over a dozen scenic rock formations duly preserved. The existing carved marble masonry of the European Palaces has been pieced together to become a tourist attraction. Having been open to the public for a decade, however, Yuanmingyuan is still a little far from becoming a full-fledged park of historic ruins. For example, its western part is calling for development, and more funds are needed for this, as well as for many other purposes. The Administrative Office is making every effort to solve these difficulties so that they can complete the restoration of the park in the early 21st century.
【行文点评】
第一段介绍圆明园的位置和环境,强调其规模宏大、山水如画,是一座美丽的大公园。
第二段介绍圆明园的文化价值,它收集了诸多文化珍品,尤其是园中的文渊阁,收藏了大量的珍贵古籍。
第三段讲述了圆明园被西方列强野蛮摧毁的屈辱历史,告诫中国人民不忘耻辱。
最后一段着重介绍中国政府修复和开发圆明园的一系列措施,比如植树造林,修葺大理石雕建筑群等。圆明园要成为一座成熟的历史遗迹公园仍需我们的努力。解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
问答题请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400～600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范，表达得体，内容切题，条理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合导游语言要求，能反映故宫的建筑布局及其悠久历史。 题目：故宫正确答案：
【参考范文】
The Forbidden City — Gu Gong (1)The Forbidden City in Beijing was the Chinese imperial palace during the mid-Ming and the Qing Dynasties. Listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site in 1987, it is now one of the most popular tourist attractions world wide.
(2)Lying at the center of Beijing, Gu Gong, now known as the Palace Museum, is to the north of Tiananmen Square. Rectangular in shape, it is the world’s largest palace complex and covers 74 hectares. A six meter deep moat and a ten meter high wall surrounded 9,999 buildings. Each side of the wall has a gate. Opposite the Tiananmen Gate, to the north is the Gate of Devine Might, which faces Jingshan Park. These two gates are 960 meters away from each other, while the gates in the east and west walls are 750 meters away from each other. There are unique and delicately structured towers on the four corners of the curtain wall. These afford views over both the palace and the city outside. The Forbidden City is divided into two parts. The southern section, which was the Outer Court, was where the emperor exercised his supreme power over the nation. The northern section, which was the Inner Court, was where he lived with his royal family. Until 1924 when the last emperor of China was driven from the Inner Court, fourteen emperors of the Ming dynasty and ten emperors of the Qing dynasty had reigned here. As the imperial palace for some five centuries, Gu Gong houses numerous rare treasures and curiosities.
(3)Construction of the palace complex began in 1407, the 5th year of the Yongle reign of the third emperor of the Ming dynasty. It was completed fourteen years later in 1420. It was said that a million workers were driven into the long-term hard labor, including one hundred thousand artisans. Stones used to build the palace were quarried from Fangshan, a suburb of Beijing. It was said that every fifty meters along the road, a well was dug in order to pour water onto the road in winter to slide huge stones into the city. Huge amounts of timber and other materials were freighted from faraway provinces. Ancient Chinese people displayed their very considerable skills in building the Forbidden City. For example. The grand red city wall has an 8.6 meters wide base reducing to 6.66 meters wide at the top. The angular shape of the wall totally frustrates attempts to climb it. The bricks were made from white lime and glutinous rice while the cement is made from glutinous rice and egg whites. These incredible materials make the wall extraordinarily strong.
As the symbol of the royal family, yellow is the dominant color in the Forbidden City. Roofs are built with yellow glazed tiles and decorations in the palace are painted yellow. Even the bricks on the ground are made yellow by a special process. However, there is one exception. Wenyuange, which is the royal library, has a black roof. In the past, it was believed that black represented water and thus could extinguish fire.
(4)Nowadays, the Forbidden City, or the Palace Museum is open to tourists from home and abroad. Splendid painted decoration on these royal architectural wonders, the grand and deluxe halls, with their surprisingly magnificent treasures will certainly satisfy “modern civilians”.
【行文点评】
(1)第一段提出故宫是世界上最受欢迎的旅游景点之一,1987年被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。
(2)第二段介绍了故宫的建筑布局,并指出它作为皇宫已经有五个世纪的历史了,珍藏着无数的珍奇珍品。
(3)第三段介绍了故宫的建造历史,宫殿建筑群的建设始于1407年,建造过程体现了古代劳动人民的高超技艺和智慧。第四段介绍了故宫建筑的颜色及颜色选择的原因。
(4)文章最后一段介绍了故宫目前对国内外的游客开放,它独特的美丽一定会满足现代世界人们的审美需求。解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
4 ． 结合 “给定资料” 所反映的问题， 自选角度， 自拟题目， 写一篇议论文。 ( 4 0 分)
要求：①参考背景材料，进行恰当的阐述； ②观点明确， 具体分析， 条理清楚， 语言流畅； ③字数在1 0 0 0 ～1 2 0 0 字。
正确答案：4 ．【参考例文】
以人为本，安全发展
近年，国内产品质量安全、生产安全等公共安全问题屡见不鲜，如给定资料中的问题食品、煤矿事故经常见诸于．报端，现买状况令人堪忧。
仔细分析其原因不难发现：首先，企业自身缺乏对产品质量安全和生产安全的责任意识，在生产过程中的内部安全管理缺位。其次，相关法制不健全，对造成产品质量责任和安全生产事故的惩处力度不够，缺乏相应的事前控制，无法真正从源头消除公共安全隐患。最后，广大消费者的自我保护意识不强，在遭受损失的时候往往处置不当，在维护自身利益的诉求中往往处于弱势地位。
介于上述情况，我们有必要建立更加迅捷有效的应对公共安全问题的体系和平台，一方面充分保护广大人民群众的生命财产完全，另一方面避免企业的经营积极性和产品创新等受到影响，推动我国经济社会的快速健康发展。． 作为企业自身而言，除了要注重安全管理，加强产品的责任和安全意识外，还要借助于技术创新，依托先进的技术去研究探索降低事故解决问题的方法，如对整个生产流程和供应链进行风险鉴别排查，将风险控制的流程书面化，对于发生产品召回的应急预案，在供货合同上要求原料部件供应商承担供货产品责任等。同时，还可以利用保险机构进行风险防范，从而使企业的利益最大化。
广大消费者也应该增强自我保护意识，发现问题及时举报，造成损失的，要注意保全证据及时索赔。． 根据国务院的部署，我国近期要优先发展国家公共安全应急信息平台，重点研究全方位无障碍危险源探测监测、精确定位和信息获取技术，国家一体化公共安全应急决策指挥平台集成技术等，构建国家公共安全早期监测，快速预警与高效处置一体化应急决策指挥平台，重点研究开发矿井瓦斯、突水、动力性灾害预警与防控技术等重大工业事故防控与救援技术和相关设备。从整体上对涉及公共安全领域的科技问题进行战略研究及部署，在国家中长期科技发展规划中还是第一次，充分体现了党和政府对我国公共安全领域的高度关注和所下的决心。
只要各地区、各部门、各单位认真吸取相关事故的教训，牢固树立以人为本、安全发展的理念，以对人民群众生命财产高度负责的精神，把产品质量和安全生产摆在更加重要的位置，切实加强防范工作，进一步深化重点行业和相关领域的安全专项整治，强化安全监管监察工作。我国市场经济的整体环境必将得到全新的改善，我国经济整体实力 -
第14题：
德国人哈尔拉德•巴特尔指出：“讲话的艺术在于适中。”说明：（）
- A、作为口头文学语言的导游语言在运用时必须具有“适中”的特点。
- B、导游语言的适中性主要表现在两方面：
- C、导游语言应该尽量符合大多数游客的欣赏要求
- D、这就是导游语言艺术的适中性。
正确答案:A,C -
第15题：
作为导游语言艺术基本要求之一的“灵活”是指导游语言表达的（）。
- A、及时性
- B、随意性
- C、机动性
- D、针对性
正确答案:C -
第16题：
多选题导游语言艺术既要求导游语言具有规范性、科学性，又要求语言使用上要把握好“度”，这体现了导游语言艺术（ ）的基本要求。A通俗、流畅
B生动、灵活
C求实、创新
D准确、适中
正确答案： C,B解析：
准确是指导游语言的规范性和科学性，导游语言艺术首先应建立在语言的规范性和科学性基础上。导游语言的准确性主要表现为：①语音正确、清晰；②要口齿清晰；③内容有根有据、正确无误。适中是指导游人员在语言的使用上要把握好“度”。适中主要表现为：①语音音量的强弱要适度；②语速要快慢相宜，并作好适当停顿；③语感要有分寸。 -
第17题：
问答题请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400～600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范，表达得体，内容切题，条理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合导游语言要求，能反映新中国成立70年来人均寿命的增长以及人口素质的提升。 题目：中国人口结构的变化正确答案：
【参考范文】
China’s Demographic Shifts in the past 70 Yeas (1)In the past 70 years, China’s total population has increased to nearly 1.4 billion in 2018 from 540 million in 1949, which is ready to face the remarkable demographic shifts toward a healthier and more educated population.
(2)Due to the scarcity of food and underdeveloped healthcare, in 1949, the average life expectancy of Chinese people was only 35 years. However, with full basic medical coverage and achievement of significant breakthroughs in the treatment of critical illnesses, the life span of Chinese people has risen to 77 years in 2018, which is more than doubled than the life span in 1949. Meanwhile, the infant mortality rate, which is another important marker of the overall health of a country, also represented a great progress from 200 deaths per thousand live births since the founding of New China to 6.1 deaths per thousand live births in 2018. In the last few decades, China has paid continuous efforts in the treatment of infectious diseases and great achievement has been made. Smallpox has been eliminated, and endemic diseases, such as iodine deficiency disorders, have been effectively controlled or eliminated. As minor illnesses is no longer an issue, a healthy life has increasingly become the norm of Chinese people. The Chinese government has issued a Healthy China initiative to promote people’s health. Boosted by the nationwide sports vibe, the amount of active monthly users in China’s fitness sports industry rose 1.7 percent year on year to 64.22 million by the end of May 2019.
(3)After going through a rapid growth period from 1949 to 1970, China’s population has been steadily expanding at a slower pace since 1991. Even though China has seen a downward trend in the number of working-age people in recent years, its gross workforce remained at about 900 million in 2018. Improved education levels has brought about talent dividends, which have replaced demographic dividends as the engine boosting economic growth. Talent dividends are beginning to emerge as a solid base for economic development. Over the past 70 years, the education level of Chinese people has achieved quantitative leaps. 70 years ago, China had a 80-percent illiteracy rate and less than 20 percent of the primary school enrollment. But nowadays, nearly one in three people has a high school diploma or above. The average schooling years of working-age people rose to 10.63 years in 2018 from just over eight years in 1982.
(4)With a healthier and more educated population, China’s vast workforce will continue to offer strong support for the country’s high-quality and fast-paced development.
【行文点评】
(1)第一段介绍新中国成立70年来,我国人口发展经历了巨大变迁。
(2)第二段介绍新中国成立70年间,我国人均预期寿命增长一倍,新中国成立之初,国人平均预期寿命仅为35岁,到了2018年,我国人均预期寿命达到77岁,在婴儿死亡率,传染病控制,国民健身等其他方面,我国均有所改善提高。
(3)第三段介绍我国正从“人口红利”转向“人才红利”,70年来,国民受教育水平实现量的飞跃,劳动年龄人口的平均受教育年限也有所提高,教育水平提升带来的人才红利逐渐成为推动经济发展的重要基础。
(4)文章最后一段进行总结,更健康和受教育更高的人口将为我国经济高质量高速发展提供强大支持。解析： 暂无解析 -
第18题：
问答题请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400～600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范，表达得体，内容切题，条理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合导游语言要求，能反映中国悠久的饮食文化以及不同地域的饮食特色。 题目：中国菜正确答案：
【参考范文】
Chinese food (1)Chinese food has been considered to be the biggest cultural exchange between China and other countries. It is famous for its colors, aromatic flavors and the variety of its regional cuisines and ingredients.
(2)The development and diversity of the delights of Chinese food are also representative of China’s long history. With each dynasty new recipes were created until the art of food preparation reach its peak during the Qing Dynasty. The dinner called Man Han Quan Xi that incorporates all the very best of Man and Han Cuisine is held in high esteem involving as it does countless dishes, each with its own distinctive flavor and appeal. This veritable banquet in its preparation and presentation typifies all of the culture and culinary arts that have been perfected over centuries and is a comprehensive amalgam of taste, instruments, and manners.
The diversity of geography, climate, costumes and products have led to the evolution of what are called the ‘Four Flavors’ and ‘Eight Cuisines’ but as catering is a living art sub-classifications continue to increase. For example in each field of cuisine, adept chefs can utilize something as simple as a melon to create dozens of dishes with dozens of flavors. Meanwhile, local specialties and snacks with their origins steeped in the mists of time are also an important progeny and indicate a profound philosophy and taste. As well as the cuisine of the majority Han people, the many minorities have their own fantastic traditions and appeal.
(3)Chinese dishes are each unique in their own way yet all have exquisite flavors, wonderful presentations and deep cultural meanings. For example, Won Ton Soup, also called “Hun Dun” in Mandarin, is a highly welcoming dish in China. Since China is a nation of diverse ethnic groups and different cultures, each region has their own shapes for won tons. Won tons are usually boiled and served in soup, but they can also be deep-fried. The most versatile shape for won tons is a simple right triangle. Won ton’s flat profile allows it to be pan-fried like a pot sticker in addition to it being boiled or deep-fried. Many people might mix up won tons and dumplings, but they are totally different food. During the Spring Festival, Chinese families will get together and have dumpling parties. It is said that the dish was invented by Zhang Zhongjing, a famous Chinese physician in history. Dumplings have a 1,800-year-long history and this is why it is one of the most popular traditional foods in China and extremely popular in Western countries. They may be cooked by boiling, steaming, simmering, frying or baking.
(4)Just as the ingredients of each dish and presentation is important, table manners and courtesy among diners are very much part of the Chinese cultural tradition. The facility to partake of these delights is also distinctive — chopsticks! To see even the smallest child eat with chopsticks is quite amazing for many foreigners. The use of two simple sticks in this way is an art in itself and chopsticks have determined the way in which dishes are presented at table. Only by combining excellent dishes with good manners can the high art of Chinese cuisine be truly enjoyed to the full.
【行文点评】
(1)第一段介绍了中国菜在中国和其他国家的文化交流间发挥了巨大的作用。
(2)第二段介绍了中国美食发展的悠长历史,烹饪技术在清朝到达顶峰,“满汉全席”作为代表融合了所有最好的满汉美食。
第三段介绍了随着地理、气候、服装和产品的不同,中国菜可以被分为“四大风味”和“八大菜系”,除此以外,还有极具特色的地方特产和小吃,以及少数名族美食。
(3)第四段介绍了中国美食不仅口感上乘、外观精致,而且文化寓意深远,并列举了馄饨和饺子的例子。
(4)文章最后一段描述了中国的餐桌礼仪,比如独一无二的进餐工具——筷子。解析： 暂无解析 -
第19题：
问答题请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400～600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范、表达得体、内容切题、条理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合导游语言要求，能表现黄山的自然风光和文化内涵。 题目：黄山正确答案：
【参考范文】
The Yellow Mountain (1)Located in the southern part of Anhui Province, the Yellow Mountain is China’s most celebrated mountain for all its splendour and beauty. In 1990, it was declared a World Natural and Cultural Heritage site by UNESCO Heritage Committee.
(2)The Yellow Mountain is a marvel. Within an area of 154 square kilometres, there is a crowd of peaks, many of which have names indicating the shapes they resemble. Lotus, Brightness Apex and Celestial Capital are the three major ones, all rising above 1,800 metres. In cloudy days, the pinnacles loom in mists as if they were illusionary. When the sun shines they unfold in all their majesty and grandeur. The Yellow Mountain changes its colour and appearance as the seasons vary. In spring, beautiful flowers decorate the slopes in a riot of colour; in summer you see verdured peaks rising one upon another and hear rivers gurgling merrily. Autumn dresses the peaks in red and purple as maples are all blazing-red; winter turns them into a world of frost and ice with silver boughs and rocks everywhere. So from ancient times the peaks have been frequently visited by tourists seeking the mystery and admiring the scenery. They come to the conclusion that the fantastic pines, the grotesque rocks, the sea of clouds and the hot springs are the four major attractions of the Yellow Mountain.
(3)Thanks to the peculiar terrain, the climate of the Yellow Mountain is marked by a vertical change, and the vertical distribution of vegetation is also distinctive: plants on the summit, on the middle levels and at the foot belong to the frigid, temperate and subtropical zones respectively. There are more than 1,500 species of plants, of which trees account for one third. The Yellow Mountain also provides a wide variety of fauna with the natural habitat. The temperature in the Yellow Mountain is agreeable all the year round. Since clouds often shut out the sun, hot weather never stays long, which makes the Yellow Mountain an ideal summer resort.
(4)Though looking fresh and young, the Yellow Mountain has a long history to which ancient books, poems and paintings as well as carved inscriptions all bear witness. Li Bai was not the only poet who appreciated and praised its charm; Tang poets Jia Dao and Du Xunhe also came here and wrote poems for it. In the succeeding dynasties, people kept coming and expressing their admiration in poetry. Xu Xiake, the great geographer and traveler of the Ming Dynasty, devoted two of his travel notes to the Yellow Mountain. Inscriptions of the past generations meet one’s eyes here and there, for example, “Clouds in a myriad of forms”, “Peaks piercing the sky”, “A cool world”, “Fantastic and beautiful” and “Scenery of exceptional charm”. Such poetic phrases in handsome calligraphy are not only decorative, but also part of the fascinating scene.
【行文点评】
第一段介绍黄山的概况。它是中国著名风景区,世界自然文化遗产。
第二段重点介绍了黄山一年四季颜色和形态的变化,其魅力吸引了大量的游客前来观赏。
第三段介绍了黄山的气候特征以及相应的植被分布。总的来说,黄山气候宜人,动植物种类繁多,是绝好的避暑胜地。
最后一段介绍黄山深受文人墨客的喜爱,他们留下大量的关于黄山的作品,丰富了黄山的文化内涵。解析： 暂无解析 -
第20题：
问答题请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400～600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范，表达得体，内容切题，条理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合导游语言要求，能反映中国乒乓球队伍在世界的地位以及乒乓球在中国百姓生活中的重要性。 题目：中国乒乓球运动正确答案：
【参考范文】
Table Tennis in China (1)Table tennis is called “National Sport” in China. It has been developed together with the national sports career since 1949, and it really has brought a lot of encouragements and happiness in the past 70 years.
(2)The National Table Tennis Team was founded in 1952. It has won more than 100 world gold medals, including the first world gold medal of the PRC, the first women’s world gold medal and the first team world gold medal. The National Table Tennis Team began to join in the World Table Tennis Championships in 1953, which was the 20th World Table Tennis Championships. Rong Guotuan won the gold medal in men’s singles at the 25th World Table Tennis Championships in 1959. It was the first world gold medal won by a Chinese. Since then, the National Table Tennis Team had won more than 100 world gold medals, including 18 gold medals won by Deng Yaping and 11 by Liu Guoliang. The National Table Tennis Team had won all the gold medals at the 36th, the 43rd and the 46th World Table Tennis Championships, a miracle in the sports world for a long period. Of course, the National Table Tennis Team experienced its ebbs. But it has been a first class team in the world for more than 50 years. Some of its founders had passed away, and most of the players are old now, but the new comers are growing up and they are initiating a new period.
(3)China has a lot of great table tennis players. Deng Yaping is one of the greatest women’s table tennis players in the world. She was born in Zhengzhou, Henan Province. She began to learn table tennis at 5 years old, and she was selected to the National Table Tennis Team in 1988. She had been world medalist for 14 times, and had kept world No. 1 in table tennis for 8 years. She is the unique one to continue to hold the title of the Olympic medalist, who won four gold medals including in women’s singles and in women’s doubles with Qiao Hong at the Olympic Games. The other miracle of the National Table Tennis Team is Liu Guoliang, who won the “Evergreen Tree” Waldner at just 16 years old and he became famous since then. Liu Guoliang was born in Xinxiang, Henan Province. He was selected to the PLA August First Men’s Table Tennis Team in 1986, and the he was selected to the National Table Tennis Team in 1991. He was the first grand slam in men’s table tennis events at World Table Tennis Championships, the World Cups and the Olympic Games in China. Liu Guoliang won all the 4 gold medals in men’s team, men’s singles, men’s doubles and mixed doubles at the 43rd and the 45th World Table Tennis Championships.
(4)Table tennis is popular in China and has a broad foundation among Chinese people. In China, you could see table tennis and its players everywhere, from the residential areas to parks and squares. Both elder people and children can do it more or less. Maybe that’s why table tennis is called the “National Sport” in China.
【行文点评】
(1)第一段介绍乒乓球在中国被称为“国球”,在过去的70年里得到了很大的发展和提升,并给人们带来了许多鼓励和快乐。
(2)第二段介绍了中国国家乒乓球队,它成立于1952年,获得过100多枚世界金牌,其中包括中华人民共和国第一枚世界金牌、第一枚世界女子金牌和世界团体第一枚金牌,创造了许多奇迹。
(3)第三段介绍了我国杰出的乒乓球运动员,比如邓亚萍和刘国梁。
(4)文章最后一段介绍乒乓球在中国很受欢迎,在中国人民中有着广泛的基础。解析： 暂无解析 -
第21题：
问答题请用所报考语种写出一篇400～600字关于中国香港旅游业的导游解说词。要求语言规范、表达得体、内容切题、条理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合导游语言要求。全文应包括以下主要内容： （1）自二战结束以来，香港旅游业的发展历史； （2）香港特区政府关于促进旅游业发展的策略（游客入境、旅游项目、市场）。正确答案：
【参考范文】
Tourism Industry in Hong Kong (1)Since the Second World War, the Hong Kong economy has gradually developed into one which is largely services-based. The tourism industry, in particular, has always maintained an important position in the Hong Kong economy with the foreign exchange earnings that it brings. Indeed, the industry has experienced long periods of development. For decades, Hong Kong has been a natural attraction to foreign visitors, especially as the story of Suzie Wong and Bruce Lee captured the curiosity of many who would like to have a personal experience of the charm of this city. We also had a reputation as a Shoppers’ Paradise in the 1970s and 1980s. In the period up to mid-1990s, visitor arrivals recorded double-digit growth each year for over a decade. At its peak in 1996, the industry accounted for 7.6% of Gross Domestic Product, employing around 330,000 Hong Kong people.
(2)Then came the Asian economic crisis which reduced the level of regional travel. But right after the crisis, the numbers have started to increase. It is believed that the tourism industry will continue to play an important role in Hong Kong’s economy. However, as many developing countries begin to aware of the significant role tourism plays in promoting economic development, we can no longer take our past success for granted. We are supposed to do much more to preserve and even further our position as a leading destination in the region. The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has adopted a three-pronged strategy to meet these challenges, namely:
1. To provide easy access for visitors to come here;
2. To facilitate the development of tourism products;
3. To promote Hong Kong as an attractive tourist destination.
(3)In terms of visitors’ entry, Hong Kong has a very liberal visa regime. Residents of over 170 countries are allowed to come here visa free for between 7 days to 6 months. We have also came up with schemes to facilitate visitors from the Mainland of China, Taiwan and Russia over the past two years.
(4)When it comes to development of tourism products, we have embarked on a variety of initiatives in areas including eco-tourism, heritage tourism, and events tourism. The initiatives are to introduce new attractions and improve existing ones, concerning both hardware and software. Hardware like the improvements at the Ocean Park, an International Wetland Park, a new cable car system on Lantau Island, and a new Fisherman’s Wharf in Aberdeen will significantly broaden our horizons by enhancing the appeal to all kinds of visitors. Initiatives about software include the introduction of an International Events Fund which can help attract events of international standing to Hong Kong. There are also efforts to promote better service quality to complement improvements in physical attractions.
(5)Finally on marketing, the Hong Kong Tourist Association is the marketing arm for our tourism industry. It aims to step up promotions in key destinations. The “City of Life” campaign was launched in 1997 and was designed to show to our overseas markets the vibrance and diversity this city offers.
【行文点评】
第一段介绍了二战以来香港旅游业的蓬勃发展。香港吸引了大量的外国游客,旅游业的发展进而促进了香港经济的腾飞。
第二段中先是介绍了亚洲金融危机对香港旅游业的影响,香港也逐渐意识到保持乃至进一步提升旅游业发展的重要性。因此香港特区政府采取了三项策略来迎接挑战,包括游客到港方式、旅游项目、旅游市场。
第三至五段分别详细阐述了三项策略的内容。第一、香港的签证和相关政策使得游客入境更为便捷;第二、香港开发了一系列旅游项目,尤其注重硬件和软件的升级,从而增强香港作为旅游地的吸引力。最后,香港旅游协会通过宣传展示香港的魅力和活力,提高市场竞争力。解析： 暂无解析 -
第22题：
问答题请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400～600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范、表达得体、内容切题、条理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合导游语言要求，能体现中国的世界遗产的历史文化价值及其遭遇破坏的现状。 题目：中国的世界遗产正确答案：
【参考范文】
World Heritage Sites in China (1)China is a country with a rich history, a brilliant civilization, and splendid landscapes.
(2)As early as some 400,000 or 500,000 to over 1,000,000 years ago, primitive humans, including Yuanmou Man, Lantian Man, and Peking Man, lived in what is now Chinese mainland. China’s recorded history began in the 21st century B. C., with the establishment of the first Chinese dynasty, the Xia Dynasty. In 221 B. C., Shi Huang Di, the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, ended the division of the country by the nobles in the Warring States Period and founded the Qin Dynasty, the first centralized, autocratic feudal empire of different ethnic groups in Chinese history. During the 2,000 years from the Qin Dynasty to the 20th century, China saw the feudal dynasties of the Han, the Wei, the Jin, the Three Kingdoms, the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Sui, the Tang, the Five Dynasties, the Song, the Yuan, the Ming, and the Qing. Owing to the vicissitudes in its history, beautiful scenic spots and historical sites were produced and many still remain in this land today. They include magnificent ancient architectural complexes and innumerable historical relics, which provide a solid basis for the study of China’s ancient culture and history.
(3)Located in the eastern part of Asia on the western shore of the Pacific, China has a territory of 9.6 million square kilometers. It has diverse and wonderful natural and geographical conditions, landscapes with the varied features of north, east, south, and west, and mountains and rivers rich in fauna and flora. Such excellent geographical conditions have created many natural scenic spots.
(4)The rich and precious cultural and natural heritages left by China’s long history are assets for both the Chinese nation and the rest of the world. In 1985, China acceded to the Word Heritage Convention. From 1987 to 2007, 35 sites in China entered the World Heritage List. Of the 35 world heritage sites in China, 25 are cultural sites, such as the Great Wall and the Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Six of the world heritage sites in China are natural sites, for example, the Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area. There are also 4 mixed cultural and natural sites: Mount Taishan, Mount Huangshan, Mount Emei-Leshan Giant Buddha, and Mount Wuyi.
(5)Today, however, these cultural and natural heritages are threatened by the increasing damages caused by their own old age and degeneration and by the changes of social and economic conditions. This is China and the other nations are facing in the word.
【行文点评】
第一段介绍中国是一个有着历史悠久、资源丰富的国家。
第二段主要介绍了中国的历史。自一百多万年前至今,中国历经了历史嬗变,朝代更迭,遗存了极为丰富的名胜古迹,恢宏的古代建筑群,浩如烟海的古文物。
第三段介绍了中国的壮丽山河。
第四段举例介绍了已列入《世界遗产名录》的中国文化与自然遗产。
最后一段阐述了中国的文化和自然遗产日益遭受破坏的现状,这是中国乃至世界正在经受的一大困扰。解析： 暂无解析 -
第23题：
单选题导游语言艺术中要求导游语言要规范性、科学性，同时语言使用上要把握好“度”，这体现了导游语言艺术（）的基本要求。A通俗、流畅
B生动、灵活
C求实、创新
D准确、适中
正确答案： B解析： 暂无解析