单选题What would be the best title for this passage?A Women’s Lives in the United StatesB Equal Pay for Equal WorkC Women’s Liberation in the United StatesD Women, their past and present
题目
Women’s Lives in the United States
Equal Pay for Equal Work
Women’s Liberation in the United States
Women, their past and present
相似考题
更多“单选题What would be the best title for this passage?A Women’s Lives in the United StatesB Equal Pay for Equal WorkC Women’s Liberation in the United StatesD Women, their past and present”相关问题
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第1题：
Which do you think would be the best title for this passage?
A． Work to give women a fair pay deal.
B． Time to change the situation.
C． Equal work, equal pay.
D． Should women be treated as second-class citizens
正确答案：C
A选项是应该努力让女人得到平等的薪水。B选项是时间会改变状况。C选项是同工同酬。D选项是女人是否应该被当作二等公民对待?选项C用精练而有感染力的语言针对文章内容表达了作者的一种观点、一种呼吁。 -
第2题：
What does the author suggest that the government should do for women workers?
A. To ensure equal pay for women.
B. No solution is clearly suggested.
C. To explain why women are paidless.
D. To force employers to hire more women.
正确答案：B此题为推论题。本文的作者对政府应该如何出面干预男女同工不同酬的问题，政府对女性应当做些什么等问题没有提出解决办法。
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第3题：
The women who disagree say that______.
A. if women are given equal pay, their opportunities will be greater
B. women are no longer interested in taking care of their homes
C. women want more freedom in choosing the kind of life they live
D. women need opportunities to go out of the house more often
正确答案：C
51．答案为C 此题为细节题。从第三段第二句…to have freedom to choose between a job and home life可以得出答案是C。 -
第4题：
The best title for this passage would be ______.
A) The Importance of Being Visible
B) Role of Women and Minorities in Management
C) Job Performance and Advancement
D) Sex and Career Success
正确答案：A
答案：A
[试题分析] 主旨题。
[详细解答] 意为：“引人注目的重要性”或“表现自己的重要性”。
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第5题：
Which do you think would be the best title for this passage? ( )
A． Work to give women a fair pay deal
B． Time to change the situation
C． Equal work, equal pay
D． Should women be treated as second-class citizens
正确答案：C
C[解析]A选项是应该努力让女人得到平等的薪水。B选项是时间会改变状况。C选项是同工同酬。D选项是女人是否应该被当作二等公民对待？选项C用精练而有感染力的语言针对文章内容表达了作者的一种观点和呼吁。 -
第6题：
It can be inferred from the passage that early historians of women’s labor in the United States paid little attention to women’s employment in the service sector of the economy because________．
A．fewer women found employment in the service sector than in factory work
B．the wages paid to workers in the service sector were much lower than those paid in the industrial sector
C．women’s employment in the service sector tended to be much more short—term than in factory work
D．employment in the service sector seemed to have much in common with the unpaid work associated with homemaking
正确答案：D
本题和上题的根据同出一处，根据上题答案，选项D正确，服务行业之所以所以少受早期历史学家关注，是因为它看上去和妇女无报酬的家务劳动太相像。 -
第7题：
请阅读短文，完成此题。
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the livesof the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have beenintroduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry takethem out of the. household, their traditional sphere and fundamentally alter their position in society.In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician,warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Fredrich Engels, however,predicted that women would be liberated from the"social, legal, and economic subordination" ofthe family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole femalesex .., into public industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability ofmechanization's effects, but thev agreed that it would trmsiorm women's lives.
Historians, particularly thnse investigating the history of women, now seriously question thisassumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations asthe spinning jenny, the sewing tnachine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resultedin equally dramatic social changes in women's economic position or in the prevailing evaluation ofwomen's work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolutionwas largely and extension of an older pattern of employment for young, single women as domestics.It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previouslyseen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880'screated a new class of "dead end" jobs, thenceforth considered "women's work". The increase inthe numbers of married women enployed outside the home in the twentieth century, had less to dowith the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it didwith their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool ofsingle women worke, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.
Women's work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household tothe ofiice or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupatious by gender, lower pay for women as a group,jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women's household labour remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that lec.hnology is always inherently revolutionary in its effectson society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of womeu both in the labour market and in the home.
The best title of the passage may be
查看材料A．The Influence of Mechanization
B．The Status of Women is Changing
C．Changes of Women's Work
D．Are Women and Men Equal答案：C解析：文章开头讲到，工业机械化使妇女从家务这样的传统领域中解脱，即使更多妇女参加工作，进而影响她们的生活和地位，接着文章讲到从工业革命时期到19世纪80年代，到20世纪妇女工作的发展变化，最后讲到，在过去的200年中，妇女的工作有了相当程度的变化，但仍然存在一些问题。综合全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了妇女工作的发展变化。C项符合。 -
第8题：
共用题干
第一篇
Women have contributed richly to the achievements of science and engineering in the United States.As pointed out by the National Women's History Project,it is unfortunate that many of these accomplishments have been forgotten,ignored,and even hidden as a result of cultural and social norms.In recent years,there have seen great strides in recognizing the contributions of women in all fields of study.The National Women's History Project,founded in 1980,has been one of the organizations to lead the way.It is an educational nonprofit organization whose mission is to recognize and celebrate the diverse and historic achievements of inventive women.Each year,the National Women's History Project selects women to honor them. Sometimes these honorees paved the way as pioneers;other times they built on the knowledge and work of those who came before them. They are women who advanced our medical science,thrilled us with literature,inspired us with their courage and leadership,and moved us with their art.Which of the following about the National Women's History Project is not right?
A:It is a nonprofit organization.
B:It is to recognize various contributions of creative women.
C:It is the first organization to recognize women's contributions in the United States.
D:It honors women every year.答案：C解析：本题考查读者的阅读理解能力。根据下文，此词的意思为“为人们普遍接受的标准”。
本题是细节考查题。原文是“The National Women's History Project , founded in 1980,has been one of the organizations to lead the way”。
本题考查考生的阅读理解能力。根据上下文，此词的意思为“改进”。
本题考查读者的阅读理解能力。根据上下文，此词的同义词应为“工作”。
本题是细节考查题。选项A、B、C中提到的女性都可能被该组织颁给荣誉。 -
第9题：
单选题Which of the following is TRUE?AIn the 1920s, women were limited to being teachers, nurses or office workers.
BWomen mainly paid their attention to how they were paid in the 1960s.
CWomen asked to change “all men are created equal” into “all human beings are created equal”.
DNo states have ever provided women with jobs in the government.
正确答案： A解析：
推理判断题。从文章的第四段第一句话The Women’s Liberation movement, which developed during the 1960s, has focused on economic rights such as ‘equal pay for equal work’ 可知，在20世纪60年代，美国妇女的权利运动主要集中在同工同酬方面，主要关注的是自己的经济地位。所以B项正确。A项错误，倒数第二段末句提到女性的职业主要有teachers, nurses or office workers，而不是在这几个职业上受到限制。C项错误，由末句可知，是妇女解放运动的领导认为all men are created equal的意思是所有人类平等，而不是只有男人平等。D项错误，由with jobs in the government.定位倒数第二段倒数第二句，可知只有很少的妇女在学术和政府方面担任高层。 -
第10题：
单选题Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AThe division of sex-defined roles is completely unacceptable.
BWomen’s roles in work are too limited at present.
CIn one society, men might perform what is considered women’s duties by another.
DSome of the women’s roles in domestic duties cannot be taken over by men.
正确答案： A解析：
本题可参照文章的最后一段。从中可知，这种性别角色在不同的社会里差异很大，但人们还是愿意接受这种男女之间的差异是天生的观念。因此A项为正确答案。 -
第11题：
问答题Passage 2The History of Women’s Suffrage A In the early nineteenth century, women were considered second-class citizens whose existence was limited to the interior life of the home and care of the children. Women were considered subsets of their husbands, and after marriage they did not have the right to own property, maintain their wages, or sign a contract, much less vote. It was expected that women be obedient wives, never to hold a thought or opinion independent of their husbands. It was considered improper for women to travel alone or to speak in public. With the belief that intense physical or intellectual activity would be injurious to the delicate female biology and reproductive system, women were taught to refrain from pursuing any serious education. Silently perched in their birdcages, women were considered merely objects of beauty, and were looked upon as intellectually and physically inferior to men. This belief in women’s inferiority to men was further reinforced by organized religion which preached strict and well-defined sex roles. B The Seneca Falls Convention The women’s suffrage movement was formally set into motion in 1848 with the first Women’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York. The catalyst for this gathering was the World Anti-Slavery Convention held in 1840 in London and attended by an American delegation which included a number of women. In attendance were Lucretia Mort and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who were forced to sit in the galleries as observers because they were women. This poor treatment did not rest well with these women of progressive thoughts, and it was decided that they would hold their own convention to “discuss the social, civil and religious rights of women”. Using The Declaration of Independence as a guideline, Stanton presented her Declaration of Principles in her hometown chapel and brought to light women’s subordinate status and made recommendations for change. Resolution 9 requesting the right to vote was perhaps the most important in that it expressed the demand for sexual equality. Subsequent to the Seneca Falls Convention, the demand for the vote became the centerpiece of the women’s rights movement. C Suffrage During the Civil War During the Civil War, women’s suffrage was eclipsed by the war effort and movement for the abolition of slavery. While annual conventions were held on a regular basis, there was much discussion but little action. Activists such as slave-born Sojourner Truth, Elizabeth Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony lectured and petitioned the government for the emancipation of slaves with the belief that, once the war was over, women and slaves alike would be granted the same rights as the white men. At the end of the war, however, the government saw the suffrage of women and that of the negro as two separate issues and it was decided that the negro vote could produce the immediate political gain, particularly in the South, that the women’s vote could not. Abraham Lincoln declared, “This hour belongs to the negro.” D Women Unite With the side-stepping of women’s rights, women activists became enraged, and the American Equal Rights Association was established by Stanton and her colleagues in 1866 in effort to organize in the fight for women’s rights. In 1868, the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment proved an affront to the women’s movement, as it defined “citizenship” and “voters” as “male”, and raised the question as to whether women were considered citizens of the United States at all. The exclusion of women was further reinforced with the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870, which enfranchised black men. In a disagreement over these Amendments, the women’s movement split into two factions. In New York, Stanton and Anthony established the radical National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA). Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, and Henry Blackwell organized the more conservative American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) in Boston. These two groups later merged in 1890 to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) under the leadership of Elizabeth Cady Stanton. E Winning the Vote Susan B. Anthony was arrested for attempting to vote for Ulysses S. Grant in the 1872 presidential election. Six years later, in 1878, a Women’s Suffrage Amendment was introduced to U.S. Congress. With the formation of numerous groups, such as the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), the National Council of Jewish Women (NCJW), the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) and, the Women’s Trade Union League, the women’s movement gained a full head of steam during the 1890’s and early 1900’s. The U.S. involvement in World War I in 1918 slowed down the suffrage campaign as women pitched in for the war effort. However, in 1919, after years of petitioning, picketing, and protest parades, the Nineteenth Amendment was passed by both houses of Congress and in 1920 it became ratified under the presidency of Woodrow Wilson. F Amendment xix 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this Article by appropriate legislation. (Ratified August 26, 1920) G Equal Rights Amendment Upon this victory of the vote, the NAWSA disbanded as an organization, giving birth to the League of Women Voters. The vote was not enough to secure women’s equal rights according to Alice Paul, founder of the National Woman’s Party (NWP), who moved to take women’s rights one step further by proposing the Equal Rights Amendment (E.R.A.) to Congress in 1923. This demand to eliminate discrimination on the basis of gender failed to pass. The push for the E.R.A. continued on a state-by-state basis, until the newly formed National Organization for Women (NOW) launched a national campaign during the 1960’s. Despite many heated debates and protests, the E.R.A., while passed by Congress in 1972, has never been ratified. Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2? In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 1. In the early nineteenth century it was generally believed that men and women performed different roles in society. 2. The World Anti-Slavery Convention preceded the first Women’s Right Convention. 3. During the American Civil War, the Women’s suffrage movement flourished. 4. Men were not allowed to join the National Woman Suffrage Association. 5. The National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) was less radical than the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA). 6. Abraham Lincoln was not sympathetic to the women’s movement.正确答案： 1. TRUE
(根据题干关键词early nineteenth century, men and women, different roles可定位到原文A第一段的首句“In the early nineteenth century, women were considered second-class citizens whose existence was limited to the interior life of the home and care of the children”,由此可知在19世纪早期女性被视为二等公民,只能在家中做家务或照顾孩子,所以题干表述是正确的。因而答案为TRUE。)
2. TRUE
(根据题干关键词The World Ant-Slavery Convention (ASC)和first Women’s Right Convention (WRC)可定位到B第二段的第一句“The catalyst for this gathering was the World Anti-Slavery Convention held in 1840 in London and attended by an American delegation which included a number of women”,其中this gathering指的就是女权运动,因此可知题干表述是完全正确的。因而答案为TRUE。)
3. FALSE
(根据题干关键词American Civil War和flourished可定位到原文C部分首句“During the Civil War, women’s suffrage was eclipsed by the war effort and movement for the abolition of slavery”,文中eclipsed意思是“遮暗,使失色”,因此可知在内战期间女性选举权运动受到了影响,因此题干表述是不符合原文的。因而答案是FALSE。)
4. NOT GIVEN
(根据题干关键词National Woman Suffrage Association可定位到原文D部分尾句“Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, and Henry Blackwell organized the more conservative American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) in Boston. These two groups later merged in 1890 to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) under the leadership of Elizabeth Cady Stanton”,该句中并未提到男人是否可以加入全国妇女选举协会这个组织,因而答案是NOT GIVEN。)
5. FALSE
(根据题干关键词National Woman Suffrage Association(NWSA), less radical和American Woman Suffrage Association(AWSA)可定位到D部分倒数第一、二句“Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, and Henry Blackwell organized the more conservative American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) in Boston. These two groups later merged in 1890 to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) under the leadership of Elizabeth Cady Stanton”,通过这句话可知AWSA更保守一些,因此,可知答案应该是FALSE。)
6. NOT GIVEN
(根据题干关键词Abraham Lincoln和not sympathetic可定位到原文C段尾句“Abraham Lincoln declared, ‘This hour belongs to the negro’”,这句话只是林肯对黑人说的一句话,并不是它对于女权运动的态度,因此,答案是NOT GIVEN。)解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
单选题What would be the best title for this passage?AWomen’s Lives in the United States
BEqual Pay for Equal Work
CWomen’s Liberation in the United States
DWomen, their past and present
正确答案： D解析：
主旨大意题。通读文章后我们可以知道，本文主要说明了美国妇女权利运动的发展历程，以及所取得的成果。所以本文的核心是美国的妇女权利运动。故选择C项。 -
第13题：
Passage Four
Women earn less than men do. For example, in 1998 the hourly wages of women in the U. S. were 26% less than those of men.
The gap between male and female incomes varies with age. The gap between the labor incomes of young women and young men
varies. It's also clear that jobs in which women are concentrated pay less. The larger the number of workers who are women in ran
industry, the lower the average wages.
Why do women earn less than men do? Can the differences be explained by the fact that women are looked
down upon? If so, the government has to intervene(干预), to force the employers to pay equal wages to equal jobs. However, there is no agreement among economists about the causes of
the gap. One view argues that women, on the average, have chosen low-paying jobs in which workers enjoy the freedom of entering and leaving the labor force, which reduces their years of experience relative
to men. Other people say the gap can also be explained by the difference in educational background.
Much of the gap, however, has not been fully explained. It might be the result of some prejudice (偏见) against women. It is this part that has produced calls for government action. What would happen if the government did intervene to
increase the wages paid to women? One possibility is that incomes for women as a group might actually decline (下降). An increase in wage decreases the quantity of labor imput demanded, resulting in decreased employment as the rate of hiring new
workers declines. The result will be a surplus 过剩) of labor. Those who can find jobs might be better off while those who had jobs
might find themselves out of work.
48. Some economists believe women earn less than men partly because______.
A. there are more than enough women in the labor force
B. women have more freedom in selecting jobs
C. women are only provided with low-paid jobs
D. women are less experienced than men
正确答案：D此题为细节分析推论题。文章的第二段内可以找到句子：One view…which reduces their year of experience background。有一种观点认为是女性就业时，更倾向于选择自由性更强但报酬更低的行业，这也导致她们的工作经验不如男性。
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第14题：
Passage Four
Equal pay for equal work is a phrase used by the American women who feel that they are looked down upon by the society. They say it is not right for women to be paid less than men for the same work.
People who hold the opposite opinion(mainly men)have an answer to this. They say that men have more responsibility than women; a married man is expected to earn money to support his family and to make important decisions, and therefore it is right for men to be paid more. There are some people who hold even stronger opinion than this and are against married women working at all. When wives go out to work, they say, the home and children are given no attention to. If women are encouraged by equal pay to take full-time job, they will be unable to do the things they are supposed to. Women are best at making a comfortable home and bringing up children. They will have to give up their present position in society.
"This is exactly what they want to give up, "the women who disagree say. "They want to escape from the limited place which society expects them to fill, and to have freedom to choose between a job and home life, or a mixture of the two. Women have the right of equal pay and equal opportunities."
These women have expressed their opinions forcefully by using the famous saying, "All men are created equal." They point out that the meaning of this sentence is "all human beings are created equal."
48. The women use the phrase "equal pay for equal work" to demand that______.
A. women's work shouldn't be harder than men's
B. men should be paid less than women
C. people doing harder work should earn more
D. men and women should be paid the same amount of money for the same work
正确答案：A
48．答案为A 此题为词汇题。“同工同酬”的意义解释。 -
第15题：
The role of women in Britain has changed a lot in this century, () in the last twenty years. The main change has been () giving women greater equality with men. Up to the beginning of this century, women seem to have had () rights. They could not vote and were kept at home. () , as far as we know, most women were happy with this situ ation. Today, women in Britain certainly () more rights than they used to. They were () the vote in 1919. In 1970 a law was passed to give them an equal () of wealth in the case of divorce, () the Equal Pay Act gave them the right of equal pay with men for work of equal value in the same year. Yet () these changes, there are still great difference in status between men and women. Many employers seem to () the Equal Pay Act, and the average working women is () to earn only about half that a man earns for the same job. () a survey, at present, only one-third of the country’s workers are () women. This small percentage is partly () a shortage of nurseries. If there were () nurseries, twice as many women might well go out to work
A.but
B.and
C.because
D.although
参考答案：B
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第16题：
Reading Comprehension
Directions:There are two passages iⅡthis part． Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements． For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D．You should decide on the best choice．
Questions 56- 60 are based on Passage One:
Passage One
The law says that women should have the chance of doing the same jobs as men and earn the same as them．
The reality is very different．Women lose because, 25 years after the Equal Pay Act,many of them still get paid less than men．
They lose because they do lower-paid jobs which men just won't consider．And they lose because they are the ones who interrupt a career to have children．
All this is reported in an independent study ordered by the Government's Women's Unite．
The biggest problem isn't equal pay in workplaces such as factories．It is a sort of work women do．Make a list of the low-paid jobs, then consider who do them．
Try nurses, secretaries, cleaners, clerks, teachers in primary schools, dinner ladies,and child care helpers． Not a lot of men among that group, are there?
Yet some of those jobs are really important．Surely no one would deny that about nurses and teachers, for a start．
So why do we reward the people who do them so poorly? There can be only one answer—because they are women．
This is not going to be put right overnight． But the Government which employs a lot of them, and other bosses have to make a start．
It is disgraceful(可耻的) that we have gone into the 21st century but still treat women as second-class citizens．
Women should have the chance of doing the same jobs and be paid equally as Men( )．
A． after 25 years
B． according to the law
C． as a result of the Equal Pay Act
D． because women are as strong as men
正确答案：B
B[解析]根据the Equal Pay Act应该做到男女平等，C选项错在并不是因为the Equal Pay Act的结果。所以答案选B。 -
第17题：
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Women Are Socially Trained to Talk B. Talking Maintains Relationships
C. Women Love to Talk D. Men Talk Differently from Women
正确答案：C
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第18题：
请阅读短文，完成此题。
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the livesof the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have beenintroduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry takethem out of the. household, their traditional sphere and fundamentally alter their position in society.In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician,warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Fredrich Engels, however,predicted that women would be liberated from the"social, legal, and economic subordination" ofthe family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole femalesex .., into public industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability ofmechanization's effects, but thev agreed that it would trmsiorm women's lives.
Historians, particularly thnse investigating the history of women, now seriously question thisassumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations asthe spinning jenny, the sewing tnachine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resultedin equally dramatic social changes in women's economic position or in the prevailing evaluation ofwomen's work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolutionwas largely and extension of an older pattern of employment for young, single women as domestics.It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previouslyseen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880'screated a new class of "dead end" jobs, thenceforth considered "women's work". The increase inthe numbers of married women enployed outside the home in the twentieth century, had less to dowith the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it didwith their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool ofsingle women worke, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.
Women's work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household tothe ofiice or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupatious by gender, lower pay for women as a group,jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women's household labour remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that lec.hnology is always inherently revolutionary in its effectson society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of womeu both in the labour market and in the home.
Which of the following statement is Not true?
查看材料A．Now the phenomenon of choosing employees by gender does no longer exist.
B．Women have little opportunity for promotion.
C．Women are needed to do much housework.
D．Women always get low pay in their occupations.答案：A解析：A项意为“如今，按性别雇佣员工的现象已经不复存在。”这与第三段第二句中“the segregation of occupations by gender”(按性别区分职业)相矛盾，因此不正确。其他选项均可在第三段第二句中找到依据。 -
第19题：
请阅读短文，完成此题。
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the livesof the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have beenintroduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry takethem out of the. household, their traditional sphere and fundamentally alter their position in society.In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician,warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Fredrich Engels, however,predicted that women would be liberated from the"social, legal, and economic subordination" ofthe family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole femalesex .., into public industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability ofmechanization's effects, but thev agreed that it would trmsiorm women's lives.
Historians, particularly thnse investigating the history of women, now seriously question thisassumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations asthe spinning jenny, the sewing tnachine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resultedin equally dramatic social changes in women's economic position or in the prevailing evaluation ofwomen's work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolutionwas largely and extension of an older pattern of employment for young, single women as domestics.It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previouslyseen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880'screated a new class of "dead end" jobs, thenceforth considered "women's work". The increase inthe numbers of married women enployed outside the home in the twentieth century, had less to dowith the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it didwith their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool ofsingle women worke, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.
Women's work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household tothe ofiice or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupatious by gender, lower pay for women as a group,jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women's household labour remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that lec.hnology is always inherently revolutionary in its effectson society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of womeu both in the labour market and in the home.
What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
查看材料A．The mechanization of work has a revolutionary eftct.
B．The social mechanization would "aftct women's lives.
C．The social status of women has changed.
D．Observers have different ideas about the effect of social mechanizatiou.答案：B解析：第一段讲到，普遍认为：劳动的机械化对操作机器的人以及引进机器的社会都有革命性的影响。工业中雇佣妇女使她们从家务这样的传统领域中解放出来，并且从根本上改善了她们在社会上的地位。接着讲到，观察者关于社会机械化对妇女的影响持有不同观点，但他们一致认为这必将改变妇女们的生活。由此可知，第一段主要讲了社会机械化对妇女的影响，B项符合。 -
第20题：
共用题干
Changes of Women's Role
The role of women in Britain has changed a lot in this century,______(51)in the last twenty years.The main change has been______(52)giving women greater equality with men.Up to the beginning of this century,women seem to have had______(53)rights.They could not vote and were kept at home.______(54),as far as we know,most women were happy with this situation. Today,women in Britain certainly______(55)more rights than they used to.They were ______(56)the vote in 1919._________(1919.)
In 1970 a law was passed to give them an equal______(57)of wealth in the case of divorce,______(58)the Equal Pay Act gave them the right of equal pay
with men for work of equal value in the same year.
Yet______(59)these changes,there are still great difference in status between men and women.Many employers seem to______(60)the Equal Pay Act,and the average working women is______(61)to earn only about half that a man earns for the same job.______(62) a survey,at present,only one-third of the country's workers are______(63)women.This small percentage is partly______(64)a shortage of nurseries.If there were______(65)nurseries, twice as many women might well go out to work._________(52)
A:towards
B:against
C:upon
D:through答案：A解析：本句是递进关系，强调本世纪的后20年，所以选B。 certainly意为“必然地”;apparently意为“明显地”;practically意为“实际上”。
towards表示变化的倾向，意为“朝······方向发展”。
上文提到本世纪的主要变化是女性享有更多与男性同样的权利。因此可以推断本世纪初与现在相比，妇女的权利要较少。所以选B。
上一句说“妇女不能投票，被关在家里”，下一句说“据我们所知，大多数妇女很高兴这样”，这显然是转折关系，所以选C。
由上文推断本句的意思应该是“英国妇女当然比过去享有更多的权利”,所以选B。 lack是“缺少”的意思；occupy是“占据”的意思。
give意为“给予”;deprive意为“剥夺”;deny意为“否认，拒绝”;approve意为“批准，通过”。由上文妇女获得权利可以推断本句的意思是“1919年，妇女被给予投票权”。因此选A。
share是“分享，共享”的意思，本句的意思是离婚时，给予妇女同样份额的财产，即夫妻分享财产。所以选D。
上一句说“1970年，法律规定在离婚时给予妇女同样份额的财产”，下一句说“同年的《同酬法案》给予妇女同工同酬的权利”，两项法律都是给予妇女权利，是并列关系，所以用表示并列关系的连词and。
because of意为“因为，由于”;instead of意为“而不是······”;in spite of意为“不管，虽然”;as a result of意为“作为······的结果”。本句的意思是“虽然有这些改变，女性与男性的地位仍然存在巨大差别”，表示让步关系，所以应选C。
由上文可以推断虽然有法律规定，但是女性与男性的地位仍然存在巨大差别，工资的差别就是其中之一，这是由于许多雇主忽视《同酬法案》，所以选C。
sb.be likely to do sth.表示可能性，意为“某人很可能做某事”，本句的意思是“做同样的工作，女性可能平均只赚男性的一半”。
according to sth．意为“根据某事”;apart from/in addition to sth.意为“除了某事”;according to a survey是“根据调查结果”的意思。
by mistake意为“错误地”;by accident意为“偶然”;in turn意为“依次，轮流”;in fact意为“事实上”。比较选项只能选D，本句的意思是：“根据一份调查，事实上，现在全国只有1/3的工人是女性。”
stem from是“来自，源于”的意思，相当于result from，本句的意思是“这么小的比例部分是由于缺乏幼儿园。”A result in B是“A导致B”的意思。
上一句提到妇女不参加工作是由于缺乏幼儿园，所以此句应为如果有足够的幼儿园。 -
第21题：
单选题Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?ATypes of Doctors in the United States
BHealth Care in the United States and Britain
CTreatment of Sick Children in the United States
DMedical Insurance in the United States and Britain
正确答案： B解析：
主旨大意题。题目询问：“文章的最佳题目是…?”本文一直都在比较英国和美国的医疗保险制度，答案为B。 -
第22题：
单选题What is the best title for the passage?AThe Place of Women in Society.
BHe or She.
CChairman or Chairwoman.
DLanguage and Sex.
正确答案： A解析：
主旨大意题。根据文章第一句话“In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist bias in the English language.”可以判断出本文的主题就是英语中的性别歧视问题，因此选D。A“女性在社会中的地位”文章有提及，但是本文从语言的角度论述的，所以不选A；B都是作者用来证明自己观点的例子，不适合做文章的标题。正确答案为D。 -
第23题：
单选题According to the passage, which of the following would be the most accurate description of the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians?AA society in which women were highly regarded for their extensive education.
BA society in which the two genders played complementary roles and had equal status.
CA society in which women did not enter public life.
DA social order in which a body of men and women would rule together on the basis of their spiritual power.
正确答案： B解析：
由文章第三段最后一句话可知，虽然Saint-Simonians不反对男女之间的差别，但是他们主张男女平等的社会地位和社会角色。B选项正是此意。A，C，D选项的内容在文中均未提及。 -
第24题：
单选题Which of following is the best title for the passage?AImproving Women's Self-confidence through Exercises
BThe Traditional Gym Industry Is Losing Its Customers
CThe Fitness Industry Is Looking for New Directions
DSpecialized Gyms Designed for Overweight People
正确答案： C解析：