问答题Practice 4 ：经济发展
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Practice 4 ：经济发展
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第1题：
问答题Practice 4 (The candidate chooses one topic and speaks about it for one minute.) A Motivation: the importance of motivating staff at all levels of a company B Financial Management: how to achieve savings on production costs. C Communication: the factors involved in determining staff access to confidential information.正确答案： 【参考范例】
If you chose A: (two possible answers)
a. It is very important to motivate staff at all levels of a company. The principle of motivation is to make sure that the work is interesting, challenging, and satisfying for the individual worker. To most employees, it is not sufficient to only have material rewards such as pay. So employer must try his best to motivate his staff. We all know that staff members working in high mood, and taking great satisfaction from their work will provide customers with good products and service. Consequently, the customers will be satisfied with the goods and service. To a large extent, business depends on good customer relations. Good customer relation will transfer into retention of a great number of loyal customers. As is known to all, loyal customers will take good care of your business.
b. Like an adage goes, “Nothing happens until someone sells something.”, which emphasizes a very important point to any business or institution, though taken literally it may be misleading or even untrue. As a matter of fact, many activities should happen before “someone sells some- thing”. You will have a lot of things to do, among which is to motivate staff, since you will need staff to do a lot of things, for instance market research, production of inventory, transportation to warehouses, purchasing of raw materials, financing of inventory, promotion and so on. Their good service will provide individual consumer with pleasure, and make them happy. Once you know how to motivate staff, you are certain to succeed.
If you chose B: (three possible answers)
a. The fundamental reason of business failure lies in poor management. It is possible that business difficulties are caused by the poor quality of management that is by internal factors and by factors external to the firm. The poorly operated business will fail, while the well managed will succeed. In order to achieve savings on production costs, there are some things that you need to know, which includes location, excessive competition, and difficulties in respect to receivables and inventory, and inadequate sales. If its management is aware of its environment, alert, resourceful, and flexible, the individual business can adapt to the constant changes in dynamic economy and survive.
b. In order to achieve savings on production costs, market research has to be conducted first and then a strategic plan needs to be made. The development of a sales forecast is significant to the planning of any business. With sales forecast in hand, all the costs of the business can as well be forecast according to knowledge of the way the sales are generated (the market plan). Given the income and costs generated by the sales forecast, then a financial plan can be prepared. Selecting location is also important. When selecting your location, you should make your first marketing decision, which requires your knowledge of three things: your product or service; its users (potential customers), and your competitors.
c. If you want to achieve savings on production costs, you must understand strategic cost management. Today’s business objectives have three aspects: to make profits, to beat competition, and to delight customers. You must accomplish the third so as to achieve the first two objectives. However, traditional cost-management techniques focused on the first objective only by minimizing cost without consideration of the effects on customers. Cost management means far more than cost cutting. Good cost management should be forward looking. Although you still need to look backward, the more you look forward to target costs and manage operations to meet cost goals, the less you will need to look backward to find out where costs went awry. And thus you should avoid the trap of trying to account costs out after the fact, instead of designing lower costs in ahead the fact.
If you chose C: (two possible answers)
a. Several factors are involved in determining staff access to confidential information. First of all, you need to make sure what kind of information is confidential. It is only the classified information or documents that need to be kept secret. Secondly, make sure who needs confidential information. Only those directly relating to the subject or problem under discussion or consideration can access the relevant information. Thirdly, you need to make sure the reason why they shall have access to information, which is limited to senior management or certain person. Is it necessary to give him/her the secret information? Finally, you need to be sure of the way the confidential information is used.
b. It is very vital to make sure those who have access to confidential information have signed a confidentiality undertaking—that is, a document promising not to make confidential information public. You don’t like to see a potential buyer use this confidential information either in the course of negotiations or after negotiations have broken down. Since many confidentiality letters have no legal value, taking appropriate advice is recommended. You should’ also take into consideration your strategy for informing your staff of the proposed sale. Most business owners would like to keep the sale secret from their employees until the deal has been completed or at least until negotiations are fairly advanced. However, this can be difficult and if staff finds out about the sale they will be unsettled. In addition, you will have to produce a tremendous amount of information about the business and its running, for which you will need the cooperation of senior management, who will therefore need to be informed of the sale.解析： 暂无解析 -
第2题：
问答题Practice 4Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Juvenile Delinquency. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.正确答案：
【参考范文】
Juvenile Delinquency
Recently, there has been a sharp increase in juvenile delinquency. Careful deliberation of this problem has given me several ideas as to why this should be so.
First of all, with the rising divorce rate, some children are not properly taken care of, and are easily led astray by evildoers. What is more, inexperienced and gullible young people plunge into the illusory world of computer games, on-line chat or even pornography. Such alienation from proper social values is the slippery slope to crime.
In my view, the whole society should attach great importance to the sound growth of youngsters. Besides, proper guidance and protection of adults and schools are vital to teenagers. In all, we should exert every effort bring down the juvenile crime rate in a short while.解析：
【范文点评】
文章第一段概述近年来少年犯罪有增长的趋势。第二段分析了造成这一现状的原因来自家庭教育的疏忽以及少年沉迷于网络游戏等不健康的活动中，价值观有缺失。最后作者提出建议，应该全社会行动起来关心少年成长，给予他们应有的引导和保护，这样才能降低少年犯罪发生的概率。 -
第3题：
问答题What are the factors that contribute to successful practice of grammar?正确答案： The following are some of the factors that definitely contribute to successful practice:
1) Pre-learning.
2) Volume and repetition.
3) Success-orientation.
4) Heterogeneity.
5) Teacher assistance.
6) Interest.解析： 暂无解析 -
第4题：
问答题Practice 2 环保卫生正确答案： 【参考译文】
China has made environmental protection one of its basic national policies, regarding it as an important strategy in the realization of sustained economic development.//
As a member of the international community, China has taken an active part in international environmental protection affairs and tried her best to promote international cooperation in environmental protection.//
Mankind still faces many difficulties in solving the problems of the environment and development. Every country is confronted with the dual task of the developing the economy and protecting the environment.//
China will, as always, cooperate with other countries of the world and strive for the protection of the environment for human survival, for the happiness and prosperity of humanity.
【录音原文】
环境保护是中国的一项基本国策,是实现经济持续发展一项重要战略。//
中国作为国际社会中的成员,积极参与国际环保事务,努力促进国际环保合作。//
人类在解决环境与发展问题上仍然面临着大量的难题,每个国家都面临着发展经济与保护环境的双重任务。//
中国将一如既往,与其他国家合作,为保护我们的生存环境,为人类的幸福和繁荣而奋斗。解析： 暂无解析 -
第5题：
问答题Practice 4 The interview—about 3 minutes In this part, the examiner asks questions to each of the candidates in turn. You have to give information about yourself and express personal opinions.正确答案： 【参考范例】
(C=Candidate, E=Examiner)
E: Should firms train their employees?
C: Yes. Actually training employees will ultimately benefit the firms because training can make staff more productive and as a result they will make few mistakes. Perhaps employees will be motivated to undertake more work since receiving training makes them think that they are valued. At the same time, their esteem will be satisfied.
E: How does a company maintain the interest of customers in products?
C: First, the company should provide customers with quality goods and excellent after-sale services. Second, enough emphasis should be put on the feedback from customers and take prompt action to satisfy their needs and demands. Third, some incentives may be provided to old customers, depending on the situation.
E: What actions should you take when dealing with complaints from clients?
C: Well, first of all, make an sincere apology. Whatever the causes, the company must show its sincerity in resolving the problems to their customers. An unapologetic attitude on the part of the firm would only intensify the negative opinion of the customers.
E: Why is an efficient public transport system so important?
C: Transportation is the first consideration if any distribution of products from producers to wholesalers or from wholesalers to retailers is to be done. The transportation cost of some products may even exceed the production cost. The cost can be reduced by using an efficient form of transportation, which also means higher profits for the firm. For each form of transportation, its timing, cost and availability should be estimated before making any decision. This assessment will ensure an optimal method of transportation for the firm.解析： 暂无解析 -
第6题：
问答题Practice 4 介绍说明正确答案： 【参考译文】
Welcome to Shanghai Martial Art (Wu Shu) Center. Here you can do exercise to build up your body, reduce your weight, make new friends, as well as learn about Chinese culture. //
In addition, our Martial Art Association has prepared come fabulous programmers for our visitors. You can watch martial art performances, Peking Opera and acrobatic shows. //
If you want to get some personal experience with Chinese martial art, we have first-class teachers available to train individuals or groups. //
We have an exclusive martial art store selling printed information, video tapes and laser disks on Chinese martial art. To meet your need is the purpose of our service.
【录音原文】
欢迎光临上海武术中心。在这里您可以健身、减肥、结交朋友,以及了解中国文化。//
我们的武术协会还为各位来宾准备了精彩的节目。除了武术表演,您还可以观赏京剧节目和杂技校表演。//
倘若您想亲身体验一下中国武术,我们可以派一流的教师进行团体或个别指导。//
我们的武术专卖店出售有关中华武术的图书资料、录像带和激光视盘。满足您的需要是本中心的服务宗旨。解析： 暂无解析 -
第7题：
问答题Practice 3 ：发言致辞正确答案： 【参考译文】
我很高兴能向建校60周年的贵校表示问候。贵校是一所名校,已经培养了6万多名外语专业人才,包括许多联合国译员。他们运用自己的技能跨越语言和文化障碍,促进交流。毕业生中还有成百上千的外交官,他们一直致力于不断加强中国与世界各国的联系,增进中国与世界各国的了解。//
确实,文明历来都是通过知识交流而得到充实,无论是在科学、文化还是在经济领域,都是如此。在全球化和信息高速传递的时代,知识和进步之间的联系更加紧密了。知识是发展、社会进步和人类自由的关键因素,在任何领域中,必须允许知识跨越国家界限。知识本身必须全球化。你们正在为实现这个目标而努力,这是十分令人高兴的。
【录音原文】
It gives me great pleasure to send my greetings to your university on the 60th anniversary of its founding. Your esteemed institution has trained more than 60,000 specialists in foreign languages, including many United Nations interpreters and translators, who have used their skills to facilitate communication across linguistic and cultural barriers. Graduates of the University also include hundreds of diplomats, who have worked to build stronger ties and better understanding between China and the world.//
Indeed, civilizations have always been enriched by the exchange of knowledge, whether in the scientific, cultural and economic spheres. In an era of globalization and high-speed communication, the relationship between knowledge and progress has become even stronger. As a key ingredient in development, social progress and human freedom, knowledge in all fields must be allowed to reach across nations. Knowledge itself must be globalized It is gratifying to know that the University is doing its part in this endeavor. 解析： 暂无解析 -
第8题：
问答题Practice 2正确答案： (1) The couple is looking into the window, so they may buy some products.
(2) Goods are displayed in the window so that people can see them.
(3) It’s so early, because you can see the sun is shining on the window, and people have long shadows.
(4)The couple has been looking into the window for so long a time.
(5)I can see that the window is so shiny.解析： 暂无解析 -
第9题：
单选题Which of the following statements about meaningful practice is NOT true?AMeaningful practice aims at form accuracy.
BMeaningful practice focuses on the production and comprehension of meaning.
CThere is no clear cut between mechanical and meaningful practice.
DPractice based on prompts is usually considered as meaningful practice.
正确答案： A解析： -
第10题：
问答题Practice 1 经济发展正确答案： 【参考译文】
The use of foreign capital includes both direct and indirect investment from overseas businesses. China will continue to put emphasis on absorbing direct foreign investment, and attach importance to the following aspects: //
First, China will further encourage foreign businesses to invest in agriculture, new-and high-tech industries, basic industries, basic industries, infrastructure facilities, and environmental protection industries. //
Second, China will continue to expand the area of foreign investment. The country will further encourage open bidding and make more use of foreign capital in petro-chemical and building industries. //
Third, China will strive to improve the distribution of foreign investment, and adopt effective measures to guide and encourage foreign investment in central and western regions.
【录音原文】
使用外资包括企业的直接投资和间接投资。中国将继续注重吸引外国直接投资,并注重以下几个方面://
第一,中国将继续鼓励外资企业向农业、新的高科技工业、基础工业、基础设环保工业投资;//
第二,中国将继续拓宽外国投资的范围。政府将进一步鼓励公司招标,在石油化工和建筑业中更多地利用外资;//
第三,中国将努力改善外国投资的布局,将采取有效措施引导和鼓励外资企业向中西部投资。解析： 暂无解析 -
第11题：
问答题Practice 4 ● Please write a memo to inform employees of the staff discounts in your company. ● Saying how much the discounts are ● Saying how should employees get their discounts ● Saying where they can get the discounts ● Write 40-50 words.正确答案： 【参考范文】
MEMO
To: All Staff
From: Cathy Miller, Personnel Manager
Date: December 15th
Subject: Staff Discounts
I am very pleased to inform you that a 20% discount will be given to employees who buy books at any of our branches.
Before the payment, simply present your work permit and discount card so that a discount will be given.
Discount card will be assigned at my office this Friday.解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
问答题Practice 4Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Views on Examinations. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.正确答案：
【参考范文】
My Views on Examinations The examination is used as a chief means of deciding whether a student succeeds or fails in mastering a particular subject in most colleges and universities. It does work most of the time, but its side effects are also obvious.
Firstly, examinations lower the standards of teaching. Since teachers are often judged by examination results, they would rather train their students in exam techniques than teach them useful knowledge. Secondly, the most undesirable effect is that examinations encourage bad study habits. As the examination score is the only criterion for his academic performance, a student is driven to memorize mechanically rather than to think creatively. The purpose of studying should not be exam.
We must admit that effect of exam in the students’ academic development is limited. Why not add something new to the evaluation system to make our examinations more efficient and reliable?解析：
【范文点评】
本文第一段概述大学用考试来衡量学生，虽然大部分时候有用，但负面影响明显。下一段详细阐述考试带来的负面影响，即教学质量会下降，以及学生只重视考试养成不好的学习习惯。最后一段谈到作者对此的看法。作者认为考试的确作用有限，应该引进新标准来完善评价体系。 -
第13题：
问答题Practice 4 (1) Figures indicate an ever-increasing crime rate, but it is only too easy to imagine “It will never happen to me.” Unfortunately, statistics show that it really can happen to you and, if you live in a large city, you run twice the risk of being a victim.正确答案：
数据显示犯罪率一直在上升,但人们很容易会想象“这永远不会发生在我身上”。解析： 暂无解析 -
第14题：
问答题Practice 1 Task: Identifying oneself; identifying things/people; passing on information.正确答案： Interlocutor:
Good morning (afternoon). My name is... and this is my colleague... He / She is just going to be listening to us.
And your names are.., and... ?
Would you tell me your candidate numbers so I can check them, please?
Thank you.
(Hand over the mark sheets to the assessor)
First of all we’d like to know something about you, Candidate A, so I’m going to ask you some questions.
T: What’s your job?
A: I’m a professional.
T: Do you enjoy shopping? Why/Why not?
A: Yes, I’m crazy about it. I like seeing different things and it can help me kill time.
T: Do you often give somebody a gift?
A: Yes, very often.
T: What do you consider when you prepare a gift for him?
A: His likes and dislikes and the price.
T: Where do you usually shop? Why?
A: The department store. There’s so much variety there. I can usually find what I’m looking for.
T: Do you buy things every time?
A: No, sometimes I just go window shopping, or wander round a shop and look at the things on display and nobody bothers me.
Interlocutor:
Thank you. Now we’d like to know something about you, Candidate B, so I’m going to ask you some questions.
T: Do you like watching advertisement on TV?
B: No, when there is an advertisement on the screen, I usually switch to another channel without ads.
T: Why do the producers advertise?
B: They want to make their products known to people and make them buy their products.
T: Do you usually go shopping?
B: Only sometimes. I think it’s a waste of time when you decide whether to buy.解析： 暂无解析 -
第15题：
问答题Practice 4 社会生活正确答案： 【参考译文】
野营,作为一种更为便宜、更为自由的度假方式,已成为越来越多的年轻人所钟爱的户外活动。//
事实上,现代化的营地所具有的设施可以满足野营者的基本需求。//
最使动心的不是低廉的花费和自由的程度,而是贴近自然的野外生活。//
野营使我们的城市生活方式起了真正的变化。在一年珍贵的几天里,我们采纳了一种新生活方式。这才是真正意义上的娱乐和享受。
【录音原文】
Camping as a cheaper and freer way of spending a holiday has become the great pursuit of outdoor activity among an increasing number of young people. //
As a matter of fact, modern camping sites are well equipped with facilities which will meet the basic needs of campers. //
What attracts young people most is not the low cost and freedom, but the closeness to nature when living in the wilderness. //
Camping provides us with a real change from our urban way of life. For a few precious days in the year, we adopt a new way of life, which is the essence of real recreation and enjoyment.解析： 暂无解析 -
第16题：
问答题Practice 4 A: What is important when...? Choosing a conference center ●Facilities ●Accommodations ●Location B: What is important when...? Selecting an employee ●Qualification ●Personality ● Creativity正确答案： 【参考范例】
If you choose A:
When choosing a conference center, it is of vital importance to consider the facilities, since facility available is the hardware component of a conference center. If the facility is in condition,, our work won’t be held up.
Moreover, accommodation is another important matter. As a complex building, a conference center should cater to daily necessities, providing the guests with satisfactory food and bedrooms, which would leave them a pleasant recollection.
At the same time, location is a decisive factor for business. For a conference center, company-intensive downtown area would be an ideal choice. However, there’s also a trend of moving towards tranquil suburbs.
If you choose B:
When selecting an employee, we should check on his or her qualification first. Certificates and diplomas can be referred to, since they reflect the extent to which the candidate receives education. However, they do not necessarily stand for a candidate’s qualification. We’ve met with too many incompetent holders of advanced degrees in real life. It is unrealistic to depend on them to make a profit for the company. On the contrary, interviewees with practical experience would bring in more benefits for the company.
The second factor is the personality of the candidate. Everyone has a unique personality, which is a welcome phenomenon. However, a group of staff with similar personalities will meet with far less internal conflicts. Yet, there’s also a problem to worry about, since this unit might become a stagnantworking place where there is no room for vitality in the long run. Therefore, what is needed is a balance.
Moreover, we should attach great importance to an employee’s creativity. Mediocreyesmanwho is accustomed to echoing the views of others clearly belongs to redundantlabourer. The employee is expected to have innovative ideas and be creative.解析： 暂无解析 -
第17题：
问答题It"s no good learning English without practice.正确答案： 学英语不练是不行的。解析： 暂无解析 -
第18题：
问答题The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of ten ordinary patients.正确答案： 医生从我身上得到的实践会比从10个普通病人身上得到的还要多。解析： 暂无解析 -
第19题：
问答题Practice 4 Candidate A, you want to go to an meeting, but you do not know anything about it. Ask your partner, Candidate C to give you some information about it. Using the words on this card to help you. （将Card 2A递给考生A） Card 2A正确答案： 根据本卡片可以提出一系列可以接受的问题,如:
·When will the meeting start?
·Where will it be held?
·Who will take part in it?
·What will be discussed in the meeting?解析： 暂无解析 -
第20题：
问答题Practice 4 ：国际关系正确答案： 【参考译文】
显然中美经济关系正在步入一个新阶段。首先,中美经济的相互依赖程度正在加深。在越来越多的经济问题方面,我们都更加需要彼此。过去五年间,据美国方面的数据,美国对中国的出口额已经从180亿美元增加到520亿美元,而美国从中国的进口额也从1000亿美元增加到2900亿美元。此外,美国和中国也正塑造着全球的能源和环境趋势,当然同时也为其所塑造。这种塑造与被塑造具有重大的经济意义。//
其次,贸易和投资曾在很大程度上是双边关系稳定的原因,但现在,它们也正日益成为双方关系紧张的原因。在20世纪80年代,我们和中国尚未出现明显的贸易紧张局面,主要是因为那个时候我们还没有很多的双边贸易。从某种意义上讲,我们的贸易紧张正反映了我们关系的成熟及双边贸易与投资的迅速增长。我们需要确保能够有效地处理好这些紧张关系,使双边经济关系平稳发展。
【录音原文】
The U.S-China economic relationship is entering a new phase. First, U.S.-China economic interdependence is deepening. We need each other more and on a broader number of economic issues. Over the past 5 years, according to U. S. data, U. S. exports to China have grown from $18 to $ 52 billion, while U. S. imports from China have grown from $ 100 billion to $ 290 billion. Moreover, the United States and China are shaping, and being shaped by, global energy and environmental trends, which have strong economic consequences.//
Second, whereas trade and investment were once largely a source of stability in bilateral relations, they are now increasingly also a source of tension. In the 1980s, we didn’t have significant trade tensions with China--mainly because we didn’t have much bilateral trade. In a sense, the fact that we have trade tensions reflects a maturing of our relationship and the rapid growth in bilateral trade and investment. We need to manage those tensions effectively in order to keep a steady growth of our bilateral economic relationship. 解析： 暂无解析