Text 2William Shakespeare described old age as" second childishness"-no teeth, no eyes, no taste. In the case of taste he may, musically speaking, have been more perceptive than he realised. A paper in Neurology by Giovanni Frisoni and his colleagues at t
题目
Text 2
William Shakespeare described old age as" second childishness"-no teeth, no eyes, no taste. In the case of taste he may, musically speaking, have been more perceptive than he realised. A paper in Neurology by Giovanni Frisoni and his colleagues at the National Centre for Research and Care of Alzheimers's Disease in Italy, shows that frontotemporal dementia can affect musical desires in ways that suggest a regression ,if not to infancy,then at least to a patient's teens.
Frontotemporal dementia, a disease usually found with old people, is caused, as its name suggests,by damage to the front and sides of the brain. These regions are concerned with speech, and with such"higher"functions as abstract thinking and judgment.
Two of such patients intrigued Dr Frisoni. One was a 68-year-old lawyer, the other a 73-year- old housewife. Both had undamaged memories, but displayed the sorts of defect associated with frontotemporal dementia-a diagnosis that was confrrmed by brain scanning.
About two years after he was first diagnosed, the lawyer, once a classical music lover who re-ferred to pop music as"mere noise" , started listening to the Italian pop band "883". As his command of language and his emotional attachments to friends and family deteriorated, he continued to listen to the band at full volume for many hours a day. The housewife had not even had the lawyer's love of classical music, having never enjoyed music of any sort in the past. But about a year after her diagnosis she became very interested in the songs that her ll-year-old granddaughter was listen ing to.
This kind of change in musical taste was not seen in any of the Alzheimer's patients, and thus appears to be specific to those with frontotemporal dementia. And other studies have remarked on how frontotemporal-dementia patients sometimes gain new talents. Five sufferers who developed artistic abilities are known. And in another case, one woman with the disease suddenly started composing and singing country and western songs.
Dr Frisoni speculates that the illness is causing people to develop a new attitude towards novel experiences, Previous studies of novelty-seeking behaviour suggest that it is managed by the brain'sright frontal lobe. A predominance of the right over the left frontal lobe, caused by damage to the
latter,might thus lead to a quest for new experience. Alternatively, the damage may have affected
some specific nervous system that is needed to appreciate certain kinds of music. Whether that is a
gain or a loss is a different matter. As Dr Frisoni puts it in his article, there is no accounting for
taste.
46. The writer quotes Shakespeare mainly to
[A] praise the keen perception of the great English writer.
[B] support Dr. Frisoni 's theory about a disease.
[C] start the discussion on a brain disease.
[D] show the long history of the disease.
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第1题：
Mr Green is ___ looks.A.not so old as he
B.not as old as I
C.more old than he
D.much old than he
正确答案：A
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第2题：
____his age, he couldn’t have painted the pictures all by himself.
A. To consider
B. Considered
C. Being considered
D. Considering
正确答案：D
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第3题：
Eyes Can Speak
Much meaning can be carried clearly, with our eyes, so it is often 41 that eyes can speak.
Do you have such kind of 42 ? In a bus you may look at a stranger, but not too long. And if he 43 that he is being looked at, he may feel uncomfortable. The same in daily life. If you are looked at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down, to see if there is 44 wrong with you. If nothing goes wrong, you will feel 45 toward the person who is looking at you that way. Eyes do speak, right?
Looking too long at someone may seem to be impolite. But sometimes things are different. If a man looks at a woman for more than 10 seconds ,it may mean that he wishes to attract（吸引）her attention, to make her understand that he 46 her. When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, 47 make sure that the listener does pay attention 48 what he or she is speaking. Lovers will enjoy looking at each other or being looked at for a long time, to show something that 49 cannot express.
Clearly, eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people and the place 50 you stay.
41.__________
A.spoken B.said C.told D.talked
正确答案：B
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第4题：
How often one hears children wishing they were grown up，and old people wishing they were young again. Each age has its pleasures and its pains，and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.
Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities. If a child has good parents，he is well fed，looked after and loved. It is unlikely that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. In addition，life is always presenting new things to the child-things that have lost their，interest for older people because they are too well known. A child finds pleasure in playing in the rain，or in the snow. His first，visit to the seaside is a marvelous adventure. But a child has his pains：he is not so free to do as he wishes as he thinks older people are；he is continually being told what to do and what not to do. Therefore，a child is not happy as he wishes to be.
When the young man starts to earn his own living，he becomes free from the discipline of school and parents；but at the same time he is forced to accept responsibilities. With no one to pay for his food，his clothes，or his room，he has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child，he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents，he may get himself into trouble. If，however，he works hard，goes by the law and has good health，he may feel satisfied in seeing himself make steady progress in his job and in building up for himself his own position in society.
Old age has always been thought of as the worst age to be；but it is not necessary for the old to be unhappy. With old age comes wisdom and the ability to help others with advice wisely given. The old can have the joy of seeing their children making progress in life；they can watch their grandchildren growing up around them；and，perhaps best of all，they can，if their life has been a useful one，feel the happiness of having come through the battle of life safely and of having reached a time when they can lie back and rest，leaving everything to others.
The happiest people should be those who______.
A．face up to difficulties in life
B．hope to be young again
C．enjoy life in different ages
D．wish to be grown up
正确答案：C
解析：见第一段，每一个年龄段有快乐和烦恼，最快乐的人不会浪费他的时间去后悔，而是享受每个午龄段所带给他的。 -
第5题：
The Theory of Everyone
If Stephen Hawking lives until the year 2017, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than his doctors expected. When he was a college student, doctors discovered that he had a rare disease. This disease causes a gradual disintegration(分解)of the nerve cells in the brain cells that regulate voluntary muscle activity. Death almost always occurs within two or three years.
Today Stephen Hawking cannot walk or speak. He cannot move his arms or his head. He cannot taste or smell anything. And yet this man is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, a position held by the famous scientist Isaac Newton in 1669.
Hawking is often described as the greatest scientist since Albert Einstein, but to the world outside science, he is also known as the man who made scientific theory understandable. His book, A Brief History of Time, has sold over eight million copies.
He says that since he does not have to think about his body or do any of the things other men have to worry about, such as washing the car or working in the yard, he can dedicate all of his time to thinking. This puts him in the perfect position to find the answer to the question that he has dedicated his life to. His question is: Is there a complete theory of the universe and everything in it?
Despite his tremendous physical disabilities, he has already made some very important discoveries about the origin of the universe, how the universe holds together, and how it will probably end. He has also been able to explain the secrets of “black holes” in space. Now he is looking for a set of rules that everything in our universe must obey. He calls it the Theory of Everything. He thinks that someone will have found the answer within the next 20 years.
If Stephen Hawking is able to find his Theory of Everything, he will have given the world the opportunity to understand things that will change the whole nature of science and probably also the way we live.
文章(16~22)
Stephen Hawking will be 50 years old by 2017.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned答案：B解析： -
第6题：
He wanted to sleep，but no sooner—__________his eyes than the desire to sleep left him．A.had he closed
B.he had closed
C.did he cloze
D.he closed答案：A解析：no sooner是具有否定意义的副词，放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。根据题干意思此处应该用完成时。故正确选项是A。 -
第7题：
共用题干
“Lucky” Lord Lucan一Alive or Dead
On 8th November 1974 Lord Lucan,a British aristocrat,vanished. The day before,his children's nanny had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too.To this day the British public are still interested in the murder case because Lucan has never been found.
Now,over 30 years later,the police have reopened the case,hoping that new DNA tech-niques will help solve this murder mystery. People suspected that“Lucky”,as he was called by friends,wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lucan entered his old house and in the dark,killed the nanny by mistake. His estranged wife heard noises,came downstairs and was also attacked,but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder,a jury concluded that Lucan had killed the nanny.
What happened next is unclear,but there are several theories which fall into one of three categories:he may have killed himself,he could have escaped or he might have been killed. It appears that the night after the murder,“Lucky” borrowed a car and drove it,Lucan's friend Aspinall said in an interview that he thought Lucan had committed suicide by sinking his boat in the English Channel.
Another version of events says that“Lucky” left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to France. He was met there by someone who drove him to safety in another country.However,after a time,his rescuers became worried that they would become involved in the murder too and so Lucan was killed.
A further fascinating theory was made in the book Dead Lucky by Duncan MacLaugh-lin,a former detective.He believes that Lucan travelled to Goa,India.where he assumed the identity of a Mr. Barry Haplin. Lucan then lived in Goa till his death in 1996.In the end the claim turned out be a case of mistaken identity. The man who died in 1996 was really Haplin,an exschoolteacher turned hippy. So what is the truth about Lucky?DNA testing has solved many murder cases,but who knows if it can close the book on this one.Lucan could have been killed because people______.
A: didn't want the police to catch him
B: thought he might talk to the police about them if he was caught
C: were unhappy with him
D: thought he was rich答案：B解析：题干意为“公众对这件谋杀案的调查依旧很感兴趣的原因是……”。该题为细节题，而且为细节题中的因果逻辑题，在解题时要注意关注短文中陈述原因的句子，尤其是一些典型用来引出原因的词语和结构，如：because, because of, for, due to, thanks to, owing to等，同时还需要注意英文中的因果逻辑陈述习惯：先果后因。利用题干及选项中的名词及名词短语作为定位线索，在短文前三段中查找相关句，同时留意题干中的修饰词in-terested“感兴趣的”，这样在第一段中找到相关句：To this day the British public（与题干中的名词短语the public呼应）are still interested in the murder case because Lucan has never been found．相关句意为“直到现在，英国民众对这个谋杀案仍然很感兴趣，因为鲁肯伯爵一直没有被找到”。该句直接陈述了原因，所以C项“鲁肯伯爵一直没有被找到”是正确的答案。
题干意为“人们认为鲁肯杀了保姆的原因是什么？”该题为细节题，同时也是因果逻辑题。利用题干及选项中的名词及名词短语作为定位线索，顺着上一题相关句的位置往下查找相关句，这样在第二段中找到相关句：People suspected that “Lucky”（指Lucan), as he was called by friends,wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lu-can entered his old house and in the dark,killed the nanny by mistake. His estranged wife heard noises,came downstairs and was also attacked,but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder,a jury concluded that Lucan had killed the nanny．相关句（带有下划线的句子）意为“鲁肯伯爵被朋友称为‘幸运儿’，人们猜测他想要杀了他与之分居的妻子。有人说鲁肯踏进他的老房子，在一片漆黑中错杀了保姆”，由此可知C项“在一片漆黑之中，他误认为她（保姆）是鲁肯夫人”是答案。
题干意为“Aspinall认为鲁肯是怎样自杀的？”该题为细节题，利用题干及选项中的名词及名词短语作为定位线索，顺着上一题相关句的位置往下查找相关句，这样在第三段中找到相关句：What happened next is unclear,but there are several theories which fall into one of three categories:he may have killed himself,he could have escaped or he might have been killed. It appears that the night after the murder,“Lucky”（指Lucan)borrowed a car and drove it,Lucan's friend Aspinall said in an interview that he thought Lucan had com-mitted suicide by sinking his boat in the English Channel．相关句（带下划线的句子）意为“在谋杀发生的第二天晚上，‘幸运儿’借了一辆车然后开走了，鲁肯的朋友Aspinall在一个采访中表示，他觉得鲁肯伯爵在英吉利海峡中凿沉了自己坐的船，已经自杀了”。由此可知鲁肯的朋友Aspinall认为鲁肯伯爵是凿沉了自己坐的船自杀的，因此答案为D。
题干意为“鲁肯可能已经被杀了，原因是人们……”。利用题干及选项中的名词及名词短语作为定位线索，顺着上一题相关句的位置往下查找相关句，这样在第四段中找到相关句：Another version of events says that “Lucky” left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to France. He was met there by someone who drove him to safety in another country. However,after a time,his rescuers became worried that they would become involved in the murder too and so Lucan was killed．相关句（带下划线的句子）意为“然而，过了一段时间，救他的人开始担心自己也会被卷入到谋杀案中，所以他们杀了鲁肯”。由此可知鲁肯可能 已经被杀的原因是人们（帮助鲁肯的人）害怕自己也被卷入到谋杀案中，因此答案为B项“认为如果鲁肯被警方抓住他可能向警方供出他们来”。 -
第8题：
共用题干
Man of Few Words
Everyone chases success,but not all of us want to be famous.
South African writer John Maxwell Coetzee is _______(51)for keeping to himself. When the 63-
year-old man was named the 2003 Nobel Prize winner for literature,reporters were warned that they would
find him"particularly difficult to_________(52)".
Coetzee lives in Australia but spends part of the year teaching at the, University of Chicago.He seemed
_________(53)by the news that he won the US $1.3 million prize.
"It came as a complete surprise.I wasn't even aware they were due to make the announcement,"he
said. His_________(54)of privacy led to doubts as to whether Coetzee will attend prize-giving in Stockholm,
Sweden,on December 10.But despite being described as_______(55)to track down,the critics agree that
his writing is easy to get to know.
Born in Cape Town,South Africa,to an English-speakingfamily,Coetzee_______(56)his break-
through in 1980 with the novel"Waiting for the Barbarians".He__________(57)hisplace among the
world's leading writers with two Booker prize victories,Britain's highest honour for novels.He first
_______(58)in 1983 for the Life and Times of Michael K and his second title came in 1999 for Disgrace.
A major theme in his work is South Africa's former apartheid system,which divided whites from blacks.
_______(59)with the problems of violence,crime and racial division that still exist in the country,his
books have enabled ordinary people to understand apartheid_________(60)within.
"I have always been more interested in the past than the future,"he said in a rare interview.
"The past________(61)its shadow over the present.I hope I have made one or two people think
_______(62)about whether they want to forget the past completely."In fact this purity in his writing
seems to be_________(63)in his personal life.Coetzee is a vegetarian,a cyclist rather than a motorist and
he doesn't drink alcohol.But what he has________(64)to literature,culture and the people of South Africa is far greater than the things he has given up."In looking at weakness and failure in life,"the Nobel
prize judging panel said,"Coetzee's work_________(65)the divine spark in man."_________(61)
A:covers
B:puts
C:spreads
D:casts答案：D解析：be well-known for keeping to himself是“以与世隔绝为大家所熟知”的意思，符合文章意思。
come across , run into , bump mnt。在语义上都有某种“偶然性”，这是主语所指的人无法控制的，不符合句义，因而这种搭配在语义上是错误的。particularly difficult to catch的意思是“特别难找到他，”符合句意。
寻找正确的答案，常常需要借助上下文提供的信息。上下文常常可以帮助我们做出正确的判断。紧随其后的句子是“It came as a complete surprise."（这个奖来得很突然）。 "shock”跟“surprise”意思很接近，因而“shocked”是正确的答案。
like作“喜欢”解时是动词，而此处需要的是一个名词。devote是“奉献”的意思，是动词；attract是“吸引”的意思，是动词。因此“love”是正确答案。
despite引导的是一种反向对比，主句中有easy，那么它的反义词就是difficult。
make a breakthrough等于break through，是固定搭配。
to take one' s place这里是“占据一席之地，跻身于”的意思，这是固定的说法。
这个句子里没有宾语，因此需要一个不及物动词，在这四个动词中，只有“won”既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。其他三个词均为及物动词，所以C为最佳答案。
除了（leal外，handle , solve和remove后都不跟with。
整个句子说的是：在处理这个国家依然存在的暴力、犯罪和种族隔离问题时，他的书能使一般人从内部理解种族隔离制度。“从······角度”常用from。
cast its shadow是“使不快；（在心理一上）投下阴影”的意思，是固定的说法。
think twice是“再三考虑，慎重思考”的意思，这是固定的说法。
从紧随其后的句子来看，应填入“mirrored”。这两个句子说的是：事实上，Coetzee作品中的这种纯洁性似乎也反映在他的个人生活之中。他是一个吃素食的人，他骑车而不开车，并且他也不喝酒。
从下文“far greater than the thing he has given up（比他放弃的东西要多得多）”来看，应选择contributed。全句说的是：但是，他对文学、文化、南非人民所作出的贡献比他放弃的东西要多得多。
tell告诉；say说；inform通知；express表达。结合文意，应选D。 -
第9题：
（）closed his eyes than the doorbell rang.
AHardly had he
BScarcely he had
CNo sooner had he
DAs soon as he had
C
略 -
第10题：
单选题Which of the following statements is NOT true?AA North Korean and his colleagues have found two sound-sensitive genes in rice.
BPlants have a sense of light.
CPlants have a sense of touch.
DPlants can taste.
正确答案： A解析：
录音中提到在South Korea的the National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology in Suwon工作的Mi-Jeong Jeong和他的同事声称在大米中发现了两种对声波有反应的基因。因此选项A提到的“一个朝鲜人”有误。
【录音原文】
Can plants hear? They all respond to light, which affects how they optimize growth and survival. Plants also have a sense of touch, allowing them to stiffen in response to wind, and a “taste” for nutrients. But whether they respond to sound is a mystery. Now Mi-Jeong Jeong of the National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology in Suwon, South Korea, and colleagues claim to have identified two genes in rice that respond to sound waves. They also say that the promoter of one of the sound-sensitive genes could be attached to other genes to make them respond to sound, too. -
第11题：
单选题（）closed his eyes than the doorbell rang.AHardly had he
BScarcely he had
CNo sooner had he
DAs soon as he had
正确答案： D解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
单选题He looks old for his age. I think he must have _____ a lot in those years.Agone over
Bgone by
Cgone through
Dgone with
正确答案： A解析：
句意为：他看起来比较显老，我想那些年他肯定经历了很多磨难。go through意为“经历（艰难困苦）”；go over意为“复习，仔细检查”；go by意为“（时光）流逝”；go…with意为“与…配套”。 -
第13题：
Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points) Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or statements. Choose the best answer to each question or decide T/F for each statement. Passage One People often say that the Englishman's home is his castle. They mean that the home is very important and personal. Most people in Britain live in houses rather than flats, and many people own their homes. This means that they can make them personal, and change them in any way they like- Most houses have a garden, even if it is a small one, and the garden is usually loved. The house and the garden are the private space of a person. In a crowded city a person knows that he or she has a private space which is only for him or herself and for invited friends. People usually like to mark their space. If you are on the beach you may have spread your towels around you; on the train you may have put your coat or small bag on the seat beside you; in a library you may spread your books around you. Once I was travelling on a train to London. I was in a section for four people and there was a table between us. The man opposite to me had his briefcase on the table. There was no space on my side of the table at all. I was unhappy. I thought he thought that he owned the whole table. I had been reading a book about nonverbal communication, so I took various papers out of my bag and put them on his case! When I did this he suddenly became angry and his eyes nearly popped out of his head. I had taken up his space! A few minutes later I took my papers off in order to read them. He immediately moved his case to his side of the table.
(1).The home matters greatly to Englishmen.
A.T
B.F
(2).They love houses more than gardens.
A.T
B.F
(3).person often likes to use something to mark his / her space belonging to himself / herself.
A.T
B.F
(4).On the train to London, the man beside the writer placed his briefcase on the table.
A.T
B.F
(5).The writer tried to get back his space by taking all his papers out.
A.T
B.F
正确答案: (1).A (2).B (3).A (4).B (5).A
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第14题：
根据下列材料请回答 41～45 题：
C
Harry was a boy of fourteen years old．He was tall and stron9．And he ran the fastest in his class．So everyone was very proud of him in his class．A new student came to his class a month ago．His name was Mike．He was thin and short．But his classmates found that he ran very fast while they were playing football．They wanted to know if Mike could run faster than Harry．Jack，one of
Harry’S friends，told Harry about it．Of course，Harry didn’t believe it．
“Why not have a race with him?”said Jack．“That’s a good idea l'，said Harry．“Go to tell the unlucky boy．I'll have a race with him tomorrow morning．”
Early the next morning，Harry got ready for the race．He was sure that he could be first．Jack didn’t wake up on time and couldn’t go with him．That evening Jack went to see Harry．They began to talk about the race．Harry’S grandma heard them in the next room．She came in and asked，“What’S the result，Harry?”
“I was the second．Grandma．”answered Harry．
“Congratulations to you!”the old woman said happily．“And how was Mike?”
“He was the last but one．”
第 41 题 Harry”classmates were proud of him because______.
A．he was tall
B．he was the top student in his school
C．he ran fastest in his class
D．he was strong
正确答案：C
根据第一段可以知道，Harry的同班同学因为他跑得最快而很自豪。所以答案选C。
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第15题：
Text 1
The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may c
hange in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.
In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the i
ndividual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age
loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver’s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as ri
ghts; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal pro
visions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.
41. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because ________.
[A] the definition of maturity has changed
[B] the industrialized society is more developed
[C] more education is provided and laws against child labor are made
[D] ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance
正确答案：C
41. [C]意为：人们所受的教育增多以及反童工法的制定 根据题干直接定位到第一段第二句 while…部分，它指出，（相对原始社会），工业社会中青春期变长有两方面的原因：教育期的延长和反童工法的制定。所以，正确选项为[C]。 [A]的干扰来自于第一段第一句。它提到，“青春期的长短取决于不同社会对成熟和成年的定义”。接着第二句就比较了原始社会和工业化社会。从这两句其实我们可以推出这两种社会对成熟的定义必定不同。但第二句已经明确指出了具体原因，因此[C]为最佳答案。[B] 工业化社会更加发达，文中未提。[D]是工业社会中关于青春期变化的现象，而非青春期变长的原因。 -
第16题：
There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence． The first is the sort of brain he is born with． Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others． But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn． So the second factor is what happens to the individual--the sort of environment in which he is brought up． If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable．
Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintelligencecanbe?
demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark． Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same． When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes． Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities． Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college． He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually． This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence． Mark's LQ． was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother． Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level．
This selection can best be titled__________．A.Measuring Your Intelligence
B.Intelligence and Environment
C.The Case of Peter and Mark
D.How the Brain Influences Intelligence答案：B解析：文章第一段提到有两个因素影响人的智力，即先天因素及后天的环境因素。之后提到了两者的关系，如果环境不利，大脑也不可能发展到相应的智力水平。第二段举例说明了环境对智力的影响。因此B项作为标题最恰当 -
第17题：
Text 2 In 1946,a 23-year-old Army veteran named John Goodenough headed to the University of Chicago with a dream of studying physics.When he arrived,a professor warned him that he was already too old to succeed in the field.But Dr.Goodenough ignored the professor's advice and today,at 94,has just set the tech industry abuzz with his blazing creativity.He and his team at the University of Texas at Austin filed a patent application on a new kind of battery that,if it works as promised,would be so cheap,lightweight and safe that it would revolutionize electric cars and kill off petroleum-fueled vehicles.We tend to assume that creativity fades with age.But Dr.Goodenough's story suggests that some people actually become more creative as they grow older.A 2016 Information Technology and Innovation Foundation study found that inventors peak in their late 40s and tend to be highly productive in the last half of their careers.Similarly,professors at the Georgia Institute of Technology,who studied data about patent holders,found that,in the United States,the average inventor sends in his or her application to the patent office at age 47,and that the highest-value patents ofien come from the oldest inventors-those over the age of 55.John P.Walsh,one of the professors,joked that the Patent Office should give a"senior discount"since"there's clear evidence that people with seniority are making important contributions to invention."A study ofNobel physics laureates found that,since the 1980s,they bave made their discoveries,on average,at age 50.The peak of creativity for Nobel winners is getting higher every year.For many years,oddsmakers have predicted that Dr.Goodenough would win the Nobel Prize,but so far the call from Stockholm has not come.You might call him the Susan Lucci of chemistry.If he finally does prevail,he could be the oldest person ever to receive the Nobel.The more I talked to Dr.Goodenough,the more I wondered if his brilliance was directly tied to his age.After all,he has been thinking about energy problems longer than just about anyone else on the planet.When I asked him about his late-life success,he said:"Some of us are turtles;we crawl and struggle along,and we haven't maybe figured it out by the time we're 30.But the turtles have to keep on walking."30.The attitude of the author toward relation between success and age isA.biased.
B.objective.
C.compromised.
D.ambiguous.答案：B解析：态度方向题。本文中，作者通过一系列事实及研究结果论证了成功与年龄的关系，故作者的态度是客观的。【干扰排除】A项biased“有偏见的”为负面态度，本文并未体现作者对任何一方或任何一个观点持有偏见，故排除；C项compromised“妥协的”、D项ambiguous“模棱两可的”均为折中态度，议论文应当论点明确，折中态度不是科学态度，故均排除。 -
第18题：
共用题干
“Lucky” Lord Lucan一Alive or Dead
On 8th November 1974 Lord Lucan,a British aristocrat,vanished. The day before,his children's nanny had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too.To this day the British public are still interested in the murder case because Lucan has never been found.
Now,over 30 years later,the police have reopened the case,hoping that new DNA tech-niques will help solve this murder mystery. People suspected that“Lucky”,as he was called by friends,wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lucan entered his old house and in the dark,killed the nanny by mistake. His estranged wife heard noises,came downstairs and was also attacked,but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder,a jury concluded that Lucan had killed the nanny.
What happened next is unclear,but there are several theories which fall into one of three categories:he may have killed himself,he could have escaped or he might have been killed. It appears that the night after the murder,“Lucky” borrowed a car and drove it,Lucan's friend Aspinall said in an interview that he thought Lucan had committed suicide by sinking his boat in the English Channel.
Another version of events says that“Lucky” left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to France. He was met there by someone who drove him to safety in another country.However,after a time,his rescuers became worried that they would become involved in the murder too and so Lucan was killed.
A further fascinating theory was made in the book Dead Lucky by Duncan MacLaugh-lin,a former detective.He believes that Lucan travelled to Goa,India.where he assumed the identity of a Mr. Barry Haplin. Lucan then lived in Goa till his death in 1996.In the end the claim turned out be a case of mistaken identity. The man who died in 1996 was really Haplin,an exschoolteacher turned hippy. So what is the truth about Lucky?DNA testing has solved many murder cases,but who knows if it can close the book on this one.Ex-detective MacLaughlin claimed that Mr. Barry Haplin______.
A: was an old schoolteacher
B: died in Goa,India
C: was really Lord Lucan in disguise
D: was a merchant答案：C解析：题干意为“公众对这件谋杀案的调查依旧很感兴趣的原因是……”。该题为细节题，而且为细节题中的因果逻辑题，在解题时要注意关注短文中陈述原因的句子，尤其是一些典型用来引出原因的词语和结构，如：because, because of, for, due to, thanks to, owing to等，同时还需要注意英文中的因果逻辑陈述习惯：先果后因。利用题干及选项中的名词及名词短语作为定位线索，在短文前三段中查找相关句，同时留意题干中的修饰词in-terested“感兴趣的”，这样在第一段中找到相关句：To this day the British public（与题干中的名词短语the public呼应）are still interested in the murder case because Lucan has never been found．相关句意为“直到现在，英国民众对这个谋杀案仍然很感兴趣，因为鲁肯伯爵一直没有被找到”。该句直接陈述了原因，所以C项“鲁肯伯爵一直没有被找到”是正确的答案。
题干意为“人们认为鲁肯杀了保姆的原因是什么？”该题为细节题，同时也是因果逻辑题。利用题干及选项中的名词及名词短语作为定位线索，顺着上一题相关句的位置往下查找相关句，这样在第二段中找到相关句：People suspected that “Lucky”（指Lucan), as he was called by friends,wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lu-can entered his old house and in the dark,killed the nanny by mistake. His estranged wife heard noises,came downstairs and was also attacked,but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder,a jury concluded that Lucan had killed the nanny．相关句（带有下划线的句子）意为“鲁肯伯爵被朋友称为‘幸运儿’，人们猜测他想要杀了他与之分居的妻子。有人说鲁肯踏进他的老房子，在一片漆黑中错杀了保姆”，由此可知C项“在一片漆黑之中，他误认为她（保姆）是鲁肯夫人”是答案。
题干意为“Aspinall认为鲁肯是怎样自杀的？”该题为细节题，利用题干及选项中的名词及名词短语作为定位线索，顺着上一题相关句的位置往下查找相关句，这样在第三段中找到相关句：What happened next is unclear,but there are several theories which fall into one of three categories:he may have killed himself,he could have escaped or he might have been killed. It appears that the night after the murder,“Lucky”（指Lucan)borrowed a car and drove it,Lucan's friend Aspinall said in an interview that he thought Lucan had com-mitted suicide by sinking his boat in the English Channel．相关句（带下划线的句子）意为“在谋杀发生的第二天晚上，‘幸运儿’借了一辆车然后开走了，鲁肯的朋友Aspinall在一个采访中表示，他觉得鲁肯伯爵在英吉利海峡中凿沉了自己坐的船，已经自杀了”。由此可知鲁肯的朋友Aspinall认为鲁肯伯爵是凿沉了自己坐的船自杀的，因此答案为D。
题干意为“鲁肯可能已经被杀了，原因是人们……”。利用题干及选项中的名词及名词短语作为定位线索，顺着上一题相关句的位置往下查找相关句，这样在第四段中找到相关句：Another version of events says that “Lucky” left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to France. He was met there by someone who drove him to safety in another country. However,after a time,his rescuers became worried that they would become involved in the murder too and so Lucan was killed．相关句（带下划线的句子）意为“然而，过了一段时间，救他的人开始担心自己也会被卷入到谋杀案中，所以他们杀了鲁肯”。由此可知鲁肯可能 已经被杀的原因是人们（帮助鲁肯的人）害怕自己也被卷入到谋杀案中，因此答案为B项“认为如果鲁肯被警方抓住他可能向警方供出他们来”。 -
第19题：
共用题干
Man of Few Words
Everyone chases success,but not all of us want to be famous.
South African writer John Maxwell Coetzee is______(51)for keeping to himself.When the 63-year-old man was named the 2003 Nobel Prize winner for literature,reporters were warned that they would find him"particularly difficult to______（52)".
Coetzee lives in Australia but spends part of the year teaching at the University of Chicago.He seemed ______(53)by the news that he won the US $1.3 million prize.
"It came as a complete surprise.I wasn't even aware they were due to make the announcement,"he said.His_______(54)of privacy led to doubts as to whether Coetzee will attend prize-giving in Stockholm, Sweden,on December 10.But despite being described as_______(55)to track down,the critics agree that his writing is easy to get to know.
Born in Cape Town,South Africa,to an English-speaking family,Coetzee______(56)his break- through in 1980 with the novel"Waiting for the Barbarians".He_______(57)his place among the wor1d's leading writers with two Booker prize victories,Britain's highest honour for novels.He first _______(58)in 1983 for the Life and Times of Michael K and his second title came in 1999 for Disgrace.
A major theme in his work is South Africa's former apartheid system,which divided whites from blacks. _______(59)with the problems of violence,crime and racial division that still exist in the country,his books have enabled ordinary people to understand apartheid_______(60)within."I have always been more interested in the past than the future,"he said in a rare interview.
"The past_______(61)its shadow over the present.I hope I have made one or two people think _______(62)about whether they want to forget the past completely."In fact,this purity in his writing seems to be______(63)in his personal life.Coetzee is a vegetarian,a cyclist rather than a motorist and he doesn't drink alcohol.But what he has______(64)to literature,culture and the people of South Africa is far greater than the things he has given up."In looking at weakness and failure in life,"the Noble prize judging panel said,"Coetzee's work_______(65)the divine spark in man."52._________
A:catch
B:come across
C:run into
D:bump into答案：A解析：be well-known for keeping to himself意思是“以很少与人来往为大家所熟知”，符合句意。
come across , run into , bump into在语义上都有某种“偶然性”，意思是“偶然遇见”，不符合句意。particularly difficult to catch意思是“特别难找到他”，符合句意。
由后面一句话“It came as a complete surprise.”可知，Goetzee觉得这个奖来得很突然。联系上下文，可推测出当Goetzee得知他获得了诺贝尔奖时，他觉得很震惊。D项符合句意。
此处需要一个名词。like作“喜欢”解时是动词；devote是“奉献”的意思，是动词；attract 是“吸引”的意思，是动词。love既可作动词，也可作名词，因此C为正确答案。
该句意思是：尽管人们认为很难找到Goetzee，但是评论家一致认为他的作品很容易理解。despite引导的是一种反向对比，主句中有easy，那么该处应是它的反义词difficult。因此A 为正确答案。
make a breakthrough是固定搭配，意思是“取得突破”。C项符合句意。
to take one's place是固定说法，是“占据一席之地，跻身于”的意思。C项符合句意。
这个句子里没有宾语，因此需要一个不及物动词，在这四个动词中，只有“won”既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。其他三个词均为及物动词，所以C为正确答案。
除了deal外，handle , solve和remove后都不跟with。因此A为正确答案。
该句意思是：在处理这个国家依然存在的暴力、犯罪和种族隔离问题时，他的书能使一般人从内部理解种族隔离制度。“从……角度”常用from。因此D为正确答案。
cast its shadow on/over是固定说法，是“使不快，（在心理上）投下阴影”的意思。D项符合句意。
think twice是固定说法，是“再三考虑，慎重思考”的意思。B项符合句意。
这两个句子意思是：事实上，Coetzee作品中的这种纯洁性似乎也反映在他的个人生活之中。他是一个吃素食的人，他骑车而不开车，并且他也不喝酒。nuirror作动词时，是“反映” 的意思，符合句意。
从下文“far greater than the things he has given up（比他放弃的东西要多得多）”来看，应选择contributed。该句意思是：但是，他对文学、文化、南非人民所做出的贡献比他放弃的东西要多得多。A项符合句意。
该句意思是：Goetzee的作品表现了人类的非凡才华。express意思是“表达，表现”，符合句意。 -
第20题：
共用题干
Man of Few Words
Everyone chases success,but not all of us want to be famous.
South African writer John Maxwell Coetzee is________(1)for keeping himself to
himself. When the 63-year-old was named the 2003 Nobel Prize winner for literature earlier
this month,reporters were warned that they would find him"particularly difficult to
________(2)".
Coetzee lives in Australia but spends part of the year teaching at the University of
Chicago.He seemed__________(3)by the news that he won the U. S.$1._________(1.)3 million prize.
"It came as a complete surprise.I wasn't even aware they were due to make the
announcement,"he said.
His________(4)of privacy led to doubts as to whether Coetzee will attend the
prize-giving in Stockholm,Sweden,on December 10._________(10.)
But despite being described as________(5)to track down,the critics agree that
his writing is easy to get to know.
Born in Cape Town,South Africa,to an English-speaking family,Coetzee_______(6)
his breakthrough in 1980 with the novel " Waiting for the Barbarians（野蛮人）".He
________(7)his place among the world's leading writers with two Booker prize victories,
Britain's highest honour for novels.He first_______(8)in 1983 for the"Life and Times
of Michael K",and his second title came in 1999 for"Disgrace".
A major theme in his work is South Africa's former apartheid（种族隔离）system,
which divided whites from blacks.________(9)with the problems of violence,crime
and racial division that still exist in the country,his books have enabled ordinary people to
understand apartheid_________(10)within.
"I have always been more interested in the past than the future,"he said in a rare
interview."The past_______(11)its shadow over the present.I hope I have made
one or two people think__________(12)about whether they want to forget the past
completely.”
In fact this purity in his writing seems to be______(13)in his personal life.
Coetzee is a vegetarian,a cyclist rather than a motorist and doesn't drink alcohol.
But what he has_______(14)to literature,culture and the people of South Africa
is far greater than the things he has given up."In looking at weakness and failure in life,"
the Nobel prize judging panel said, "Coetzee's work _________ (15) the divine（神圣的）
spark in man."_________(8)
A:received
B:obtained
C:won
D:had答案：C解析： -
第21题：
（）closed his eyes than the doorbell rang.
- A、Hardly had he
- B、Scarcely he had
- C、No sooner had he
- D、As soon as he had
正确答案:C -
第22题：
单选题He had a（）look in his eyes. He must have been shocked.Aempty
Bbare
Cblank
Dhollow
正确答案： D解析： 暂无解析 -
第23题：
问答题His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadn't done heavy manual work in this life-he could have been a rich man.正确答案：解析：