英语教师如何控制英语阅读教学中生词量和语法的难易度？

英语阅读教学常用教学模式有三种：自上而下的模式、自下而上的模式和交互补偿模式。
(1)自上而下的模式(the top-down aproach)是在对语言层次的词语进行解码时，同样也运用自己的知识对文章的下文进行预测，阅读检验自己的预测、修订自己的预测、进行新的预测。教师可以向学生介绍一些背景知识，预测文章内容，验证预测内容，从而到最后的理解文意。
(2)自下而上的模式(the bottom，up approach)是从字母到单词，到句子，逐个进行解码从而理解全文。该模式在阅读教学中比较看重词汇教学，包括读前讲授单词和阅读过程中词语用法的分析。
(3)交互补偿模式(the interactive-compensatory approach)是以上两种模式的结合，是比较科学的模式。它既强调背景知识、上下文预测的重要性．又不忽视单词、短语的解码能力，迅速捕捉关键信息以理解阅读材料的重要性，反映了阅读过程的本质。

二、考题解析
【教案】
Teaching aims:
Knowledge aims:
1. Students can master the meaning of the words such as “cleaned my room”, “washed my clothes”, “stayed at home” and “watched TV”.
2. Students can grasp the grammar-simple past tense in key sentence patterns such as “What did
you do?” and “I stayed at home”.
Ability aim:
Students can express their feelings by using simple past tense in daily communication.
Emotional aim:
Students can develop their interest in learning English.
Key and difficult points:
Key Points:
Words: cleaned my room, washed my clothes, stayed at home, watched TV;
Sentence patterns: What did you do?, I stayed at home.
Difficult Point:
Students can master the usage of simple past tense and use it in their daily communication.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1: Warming-up
1. Greetings. Talk about the weather.
2. Free talk.
Tell students I went shopping and bought a new dress last weekend. Ask students questions “What about you” or “What did you do last weekend?”. Then invite some of them to share. Some students may give the answer with wrong tense such as “I play basketball last weekend.”. Therefore, I will correct it and let them pay attention to it and tell them today we are going to learn the grammar simple past tense.
Step 2: Presentation
1. Show some pictures on the screen and present some words such as “cleaned my room”, “washed my clothes”, “stayed at home” and “watched TV” on the blackboard. Let students learn the words.
2. Ask students to observe these words carefully to find if there are some similarities. Then invite some of them to give answers.
3. Explain simple past tense to students and summarize the rules of it. Write down the rules on the blackboard.
4. Ask students to listen to the tape and find out how to ask other’s activities in the last week. Write the sentences on the blackboard.
Step 3: Practice
1. Do an exercise
Ask students to write down the past tense of the verbs given on the blackboard.
wash stay play is are do
2. Role play
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Ask students to work in pair to practice the conversation. Then act the conversation out. 5minutes is given. Then invite some pairs to show their performance.
Step4: Production
Ask students to do a survey about what they did last weekend. Let them work in group of 6 and one of them acts as the group leader to collect their group members’ activities and make a list for us. 10 minutes will be given. After that, invite one group to share their report. Tell students they should report like this. For example, “Last weekend, Lily washed the clothes.” Then give encouragement for them.
Step5: Summary and Homework
Summary: Ask a student to conclude the content of the lesson and summarize with the whole class.
Homework: Talk about what they did in the last weekend with their parents.
Blackboard design:



【答辩题目解析】
1.What does the blackboard design should present?
【参考答案】
Blackboard design is an important part of our teaching because a good blackboard design can show the key points of lesson clearly. Also, it is very helpful for students to understand the content of this lesson. As for me, this lesson is a grammar class. So I think the content of blackboard design should contain the following aspects, including title of this lesson, key words and sentence patterns, key grammar points or rules, and exercises. By writing these on the blackboard, I believe students can grasp the main content of this lesson.
【答辩题目解析】
2.What qualities do you think you should have as a primary school English teacher?
【参考答案】
I think as a primary school English teacher, I should have the quality of innocence. Primary school students like lively and relaxed classes, as well as kind and friendly teachers. The teacher’s smile and friendly face often makes the students feel warm and be willing to communicate, so that the teaching atmosphere will be very relaxed, and the teaching effect will be better.

二、考题解析
【教案】
Teaching aims:
Knowledge aims:
Students can master the usage of comparative adjectives
After this lesson, students can use the sentence structure: “Rose is smarter than Ruth”.
Ability aim:
After this lesson, students can use this grammar to describe the things in their daily life
Emotional aim:
Students are able to get the confidence of learning English
Key and difficult point:
Key Point:
master the usage of the comparative form of an adjective
Difficult Point:
use this grammar to describe the things in their daily life.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1: Warming-up
1.Greeting
2.Free talk:The teacher talks about the experience in zoo.Let students describe the features of animals in the zoo.
3.Then write one sentence and ask students to fill it using the right words. Then lead in the topic of today:Rose is smarter
Elephant is_____(big/small).
Squirrel is _____(big/small)
Step 2: Presentation
1.play a tap and ask them some question
Q1:what’s the feature of Rose and Ruth?
Rose is smarter than Ruth.
Q2:what’s the characteristic of Ruth and Rose ?
Ruth is more outgoing than Rose.
And then underline the adjective, ask a question :what are the similarities between the sentences and the adjectives.
After that conclude the usage of the comparative degree.
Step 3: Practice
1.Do the guessing game. Ask students to guess the words that the teacher is acting.
2.Write some sentences on the blackboard and ask students to fill in the blank using the comparative degree form of adjective.
Step4: Production
Show two similar pictures for students and then ask them to describe the differences of the two pictures, when they describe the pictures they should use the comparative degree.5 minutes for them to discuss with their desk mates and later ask some of them to share their ideas.
Step 5: Summary and Homework
Summary: ask a student to conclude the content of the lesson and summarize the class.
Homework: ask students make more sentences using the grammar they learn today.
Blackboard design:




【答辩题目解析】
1. Do you think it is important to teach students the pronunciation or not?
【参考答案】
Yes, I think it is very important to teach students the pronunciation. Fist of all, pronunciation is the basic knowledge of learning English, and they need the guidance of pronunciation; Secondly, it is a common phenomenon that many of the students in China they are lacking in the pronunciation practice so they have many difficulty in speaking English; Last but not the least, according to the new curriculum standard and the new curriculum reform, we should emphasize the importance of pronunciation learning .
【答辩题目解析】
2. Are you a normal school student of English major? Do you have any teaching experience?
【参考答案】
Yes, I majored in English of a normal school.I love my major, because I can learn different cultures and histories of different countries. So I have a good command of English after the 4-year study.
During my college life, I taught my students in a training institution.They are junior high school students. I learned students in junior school are generally interested in English. They have strong curiosity and thirst for knowledge.The simple repetition of the text by teacher no longer satisfies the students.I got some experience but I am not enough to teach students very well.
In the future, I am sure I can apply what I have learned to the work.