Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution ”is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to1)give your opinions briefly and,2) make two or three suggestion
题目
Directions:
Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution ”is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to
1)give your opinions briefly and,
2) make two or three suggestions
You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.(10 points)
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更多“Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in s ”相关问题
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第1题：
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
We all know that humans are damaging the environment, but what can we do about it? Some people are trying to do their bit to be more environmentally friendly.
Local councils in Britain encourage certain aspects of green living, such as recycling paper, tin, plastic and glass. They want to reduce the amount of rubbish going into landfill sites（填埋场），because they are running out of places to dump（倾倒）rubbish. In some areas rubbish for recycling is collected from your doorstep, but in other areas, you have to take it to a special recycling place, such as a bottle bank.
Another way of reducing the amount of rubbish you create is to use reusable products instead of disposable ones For example, some people use strong shopping bags or boxes for their groceries instead of plastic carrier bags, or use washable nappies instead of disposables.
More people are becoming interested in reducing their carbon footprint—the amount of carbon they use up. They try to reduce their carbon emissions（释放）by cycling, using public transport or an electric car, rather than driving gas-consuming vehicles. Some people choose not to fly for holiday trips because planes are the biggest producers of carbon emissions.
You can make‘green’ choices when buying food too. It's best to buy food which was locally grown or produced so that it hasn't been imported by air, or shipped by road from far away.
Houses can be environmentally friendly too. It takes less energy to heat a house if it has good insulation（绝缘，隔热）and double glazing (双层玻璃）．You can also create your own energy it you have solar panels or a wind turbine fitted though these can be expensive. You can also save water by using a rain water container for washing the car or watering the garden. It's even possible to use a system where‘grey water’—water which has been through a tap（水龙头）once already, is used to flush（冲洗）toilets. Some new housing projects are being built specifically to be as environmentally friendly as possible.
26．The purpose of collecting reusable wastes is to＿．
A．save energy consumed in daily life
B．reduce the amount of rubbish dumped
C．create a new way of green living
D．decrease the amount of carbon produced
正确答案：B
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第2题：
Plastic traveling bags are sold out today. (英译汉)
参考答案：塑料旅行袋今天已经卖完了。
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第3题：
If only it ()so cold, perhaps I, too, ()more initiative.
A、had been,have shown
B、have been,would show
C、had’t been,cound't have shown
D、had't been,could have shown
参考答案：D
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第4题：
If the operation __ carefully prepared, it would not have been successful.
A. was not
B. has not been
C. had not been
D. were not
正确答案：C
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第5题：
Polyester (聚酯) is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company,believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.
All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.
Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing "Melinar", the raw material frown which high quality polyester bottles are made.
The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in giant two-liter containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.
Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles and will continue to be so, unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.
Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be reused. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICI's commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make
them visually more attractive to the public.
The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.
?Plastic containers for holding food in the same way as cans__________.A.have been used for many years
B.are an idea that interests the plastics companies
C.are possible, but only for hot food
D.are the first things being made in the new factories答案：B解析：根据最后一段，用塑料容器代替易拉罐装食物目前还是一种设想，想要实现还需要解决高温产生的难题。 -
第6题：
请阅读短文，完成此题。
Polyester (聚酯 ) is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.
All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.
Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing "Melinar", the raw material from which high quality polyester bottles are made.
The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in giant two-liter containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.
Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles and will continue to be so, unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.
Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be reused. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICI's commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.
The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.
Plastic containers for holding, food in the same way as cans__________.
查看材料A．have been used for many years
B．are an idea that interests the plastics companies
C．are possible, but only for hot food
D．are the first things being made in the new factories答案：B解析：根据最后一段，用塑料容器代替易拉罐装食物目前还是一种设想，想要实现还需要解决高温产生的难题。 -
第7题：
Amold Schwarzenegger.Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you.It’s easy to beat plastic.They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day-encouraging you,the consumer,to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics.But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual,however,is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved.One their own,taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws,for example,will accomplish little and require very little of us.They could even be detrimental,satisfying a need to have“done our bit”without ever progressing onto bigger,bolder,more effective actions-a kind of“moral licensing”that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping hags and straws,we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as“consumers”we must shop sustainably,rather than as“citizens”hole our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s.We shouldn’t expect it to be.In her latest book,Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things.Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R.DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action,or banning single-use plastics altogether.India has just announced it will“eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.”There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier,such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment.It’s just that individual actions are too slow,she says,for that to be the only,or even primary,approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual.It’s just about putting things into perspective.We don’t have time to wait.We need progressive policies that shape collective action(and rein in polluting businesses),alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.
Some celebrities star in a new video to____《》（）A.demand new laws on the use of plastics
B.urge consumers to cut the use of plastics
C.invite public opinion on the plastics crisis
D.disclose the causes of the plastics crisis答案：B解析：根据题干的关键词“some celebrities star in a new video”回文定位首段的第三句话，即“They are part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day-encouraging you,the consumer,to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastic crisis.”意思是“鼓励消费者减少使用一次性塑料制品，从而对抗塑料危机”。仔细观察四个选项，我们发现选项B中的“urge”一词与原文中的“encourage”一词属于同义替换，“cut the use of plastics”与原文中的“swap out your single-use plastic staples”意思一致，所以正确答案即为B选项。 -
第8题：
共用题干
Paper or plastic?
Take a walk along the Chesapeake Bay,and you are likely to see plastic bags floating in the water. Ever since these now ubiquitous symbols of American super-consumption showed up in the supermarkets,plastic shopping bags have made their______(51)into local waterways,and from there,into the bay,where they can______（52)wildlife. Piles of them一the______（53)takes centuries to decompose一show up in landfills and on city streets.Plastic bags also take an environmental toll in the form of millions of barrels of oil expended every year to produce them.
Enter Annapolis______(54)you will see plastic bags distributed free in department stores and supermarkets.Alderman Sam Shropshire has introduced a well-meaning proposal to ban retailers ______(55) distributing plastic shopping bags in Maryland's capital. Instead,retailers would be required to offer bags______(56)recycled paper and to sell reusable bags.The city of Baltimore is considering a similar measure.Opponents of the idea,however,argue that______(57)bags are harmful,too:they cost more to make,they consume more______(58)to transport,and recycling them causes more pollution than recycling plastic.The argument for depriving Annapolis residents of their plastic bags is．______（59)accepted.Everyone in this______(60)is right about one thing:disposable shopping bags of any type are______(61),and the best outcome would be for customers to reuse bags instead.Annapolis's mayor is investigating how to hand out free,reusable shopping bags to city residents,a proposal that can proceed regardless of whether other bags are banned.A less-expensive______(62)would be to encourage retailers to give discounts to customers______(63)bring their own,reusable bags,a policy that a spokesman for the supermarket Giant Food says its chain already has in place.And this policy would be more______(64)if stores imitated furniture mega-retailer Ikea and charged for disposable bags at the checkout counter. A broad ban on the use of plastic shopping bags,which would merely replace some forms of pollution with others,is not the______(65)._________(57)
A:cloth
B:paper
C:plastic
D:synthetic答案：B解析：make their way into表示“潜入”的意思。塑料购物袋进入水道。所以选择C。
通过常识可以判断，塑料袋肯定对野生动物是有害的，所以选择A。
element：元素；mixture:混合物；matter：事情，问题；material：物质，材料。通过比较发现，D选项最符合题意。
此处and起到承接的作用。
ban sb.from doing sth.：禁止某人做某事。选择A。
made of：由什么制作而成。
根据空格后句中的too可以推知，空格中的单词在文中出现过，而相对于plastic bags ,paper bags能够与之对应。
resources：资源。很显然，使用纸也是一种资源浪费，因为they consume more resources to transport（它们需要耗费更多能源去运输）。其他选项都与该句意思无关。
通过后一句the best outcome would be for customers to reuse bags instead（解决问题最好的方式是顾客重复利用塑料袋子），可以推知他们是反对禁塑的。所以选择far from accept（远未接受）。
debate：讨论，辫论。文章指出，人们讨论是使用塑料袋还是纸袋，这是一场辫论，所以选择D。
通过理解后一句的意思，可以推知人们认为一次性塑料袋是浪费，所以选 wasteful（浪费的，挥霍的）。
alternative：选择。less-expensive是经过比较才能产生的，所以选择A。
此处要表达的意思是给那些自带可重复使用的袋子的顾客以优惠，所以选择B。
effective：有效。此处的意思是如果商店……这种政策将会更加有效。
suggestion：建议；statement了观点；reply：回复，回信；answer：答案，答复。 answer更侧重于问题的答案、问题的解决之道，所以D选项最合适。 -
第9题：
共用题干
Paper or plastic?
Take a walk along the Chesapeake Bay,and you are likely to see plastic bags floating in the water. Ever since these now ubiquitous symbols of American super-consumption showed up in the supermarkets,plastic shopping bags have made their______(51)into local waterways,and from there,into the bay,where they can______（52)wildlife. Piles of them一the______（53)takes centuries to decompose一show up in landfills and on city streets.Plastic bags also take an environmental toll in the form of millions of barrels of oil expended every year to produce them.
Enter Annapolis______(54)you will see plastic bags distributed free in department stores and supermarkets.Alderman Sam Shropshire has introduced a well-meaning proposal to ban retailers ______(55) distributing plastic shopping bags in Maryland's capital. Instead,retailers would be required to offer bags______(56)recycled paper and to sell reusable bags.The city of Baltimore is considering a similar measure.Opponents of the idea,however,argue that______(57)bags are harmful,too:they cost more to make,they consume more______(58)to transport,and recycling them causes more pollution than recycling plastic.The argument for depriving Annapolis residents of their plastic bags is．______（59)accepted.Everyone in this______(60)is right about one thing:disposable shopping bags of any type are______(61),and the best outcome would be for customers to reuse bags instead.Annapolis's mayor is investigating how to hand out free,reusable shopping bags to city residents,a proposal that can proceed regardless of whether other bags are banned.A less-expensive______(62)would be to encourage retailers to give discounts to customers______(63)bring their own,reusable bags,a policy that a spokesman for the supermarket Giant Food says its chain already has in place.And this policy would be more______(64)if stores imitated furniture mega-retailer Ikea and charged for disposable bags at the checkout counter. A broad ban on the use of plastic shopping bags,which would merely replace some forms of pollution with others,is not the______(65)._________(56)
A:made out
B:made up
C:made of
D:made into答案：C解析：make their way into表示“潜入”的意思。塑料购物袋进入水道。所以选择C。
通过常识可以判断，塑料袋肯定对野生动物是有害的，所以选择A。
element：元素；mixture:混合物；matter：事情，问题；material：物质，材料。通过比较发现，D选项最符合题意。
此处and起到承接的作用。
ban sb.from doing sth.：禁止某人做某事。选择A。
made of：由什么制作而成。
根据空格后句中的too可以推知，空格中的单词在文中出现过，而相对于plastic bags ,paper bags能够与之对应。
resources：资源。很显然，使用纸也是一种资源浪费，因为they consume more resources to transport（它们需要耗费更多能源去运输）。其他选项都与该句意思无关。
通过后一句the best outcome would be for customers to reuse bags instead（解决问题最好的方式是顾客重复利用塑料袋子），可以推知他们是反对禁塑的。所以选择far from accept（远未接受）。
debate：讨论，辫论。文章指出，人们讨论是使用塑料袋还是纸袋，这是一场辫论，所以选择D。
通过理解后一句的意思，可以推知人们认为一次性塑料袋是浪费，所以选 wasteful（浪费的，挥霍的）。
alternative：选择。less-expensive是经过比较才能产生的，所以选择A。
此处要表达的意思是给那些自带可重复使用的袋子的顾客以优惠，所以选择B。
effective：有效。此处的意思是如果商店……这种政策将会更加有效。
suggestion：建议；statement了观点；reply：回复，回信；answer：答案，答复。 answer更侧重于问题的答案、问题的解决之道，所以D选项最合适。 -
第10题：
Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology（）so rapidly.
Ais changing
Bhas been changed
Cwill have changed
Dwill change
A
略 -
第11题：
Which three route filtering statements are true?（）
- A、After the router ospf 10 and passive - interface s0/0 commands have been issued , the s0/0 interface will not send any OSPF updates, but will receive routing updates on that interface
- B、When you use the passive - interface command with RIPv2, multicasts are sent out the specified interface
- C、After the router rip and passive -interface s0/0 commands have been issued, the s0/0 interface will not send any RIP updates, but will receive routing updates on that interface
- D、When you use the passive - interface command with EIGRP, hel lo messages are not sent out the specified interface
- E、After the router eigrp 10 and passive - interface s0/0 commands have been issued, the s0/0 interface will not send any EIGRP updates, but will receive routing updates on that interface
- F、When you use the passive - interface command with OSPF, hello messages are not sent out the specified interface
正确答案:C,D,F -
第12题：
单选题You （）him so closely; you should have kept your distance．Ashouldn’tfollow
Bmustn’tfollow
Ccouldn’t have been following
Dshouldn’t have been following
正确答案： B解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
Part A
Directions:
Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution ”is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to
1)give your opinions briefly and,
2) make two or three suggestions
You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.(10 points)
正确答案：
AMPLE：
Dear Editor(s),
I am writing this letter to draw your attention on “plastic pollution”. Though regulations that ban the free usage of plastic shopping bags have been put into effect，what is happening in some areas is less-than-satisfactory.
How to solve this problem effectively has become a hot issue among many people in recent years. As for me, I would like to make several suggestions. On the one hand, the governments should set up rules and regulations to control the productivity and circulation of the plastic bags. On the other hand, people should realize the significance of protecting our environment and not use too many plastic bags.
I would be greatly appreciated if you take my suggestions into consideration. And I sincerely hope that your Newspaper could help to solve the problem.Yours faithfully,
Li Ming -
第14题：
阅读理解 判断给出的语句是否正确，正确的在括号内写(T)不符的在括号内写(F)
Do you still get free plastic bags from the supermarkets? Things have changed.
China has banned free plastic bags at shops and supermarkets, and people have to pay for using plastic bags.The rule started on June 1. It came because our country tried to make litter less、 Making super—thin plastic bags has also been banned.
The Chinese once used about 3,000,000,000 plastic shopping bags a day, and they have caused pollution of the environment. The bags have become a main cause of plastic pollution because they are not easy to break and people throw them away here and there. So the Chinese people are encouraged to bring their own bags for shopping.
What kind of shopping bag is the best to bring? Some students in Chongqing have a good idea. They make their own shopping bags. They use old clothes to make cloth bags, and send them to their parents as presents. They also ask their parents and friends to use cloth bags instead of plastic ones. They think it is their duty to protect the environment.
( ) 21、 People in China have to pay for using Plastic bags at shops and supermarkets now.
( ) 22、 China made this rule because plastic bags were bad for the environment.
( ) 23、 The Chinese people are encouraged to bring their own bags for the shopping.
( ) 24、 Some students in Chongqing buy cloth bags for their parents.
( ) 25、 The main idea of the article is that the bags have become a main cause of plastic pollution.
参考答案：21、F 22、T 23、T 24、F 25、F
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第15题：
I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I have been so busy then.()
正确答案:错
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第16题：
请阅读短文，完成此题。
Polyester (聚酯 ) is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.
All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.
Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing "Melinar", the raw material from which high quality polyester bottles are made.
The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in giant two-liter containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.
Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles and will continue to be so, unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.
Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be reused. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICI's commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.
The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.
Plastics of various kinds have been used for making bottles__________.
查看材料A．since 1982
B．since the 1970s but only for large bottles
C．since the 1960s but not for liquids with gas in them
D．since companies like Coca Cola first tried them答案：C解析：根据第四段“Nor was PVC，the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s．suitable for drinks with gas in them．"可知，作为“plastics of various kinds”中的一种，PVC在1960s就已用于瓶子包装，因此可以判断“plastics of various kinds”在1960s就已用于瓶子包装。 -
第17题：
Passage 1
Plants and animals that have been studied carefully seem to have built-in clocks. These biological clocks, as they are called, usually are not quite exact in measuring time. However, they work pretty well because they are "reset" each day, when the sun comes up.
Do pigeons use their biological clocks to help them find directions from the sun? We can keep pigeons in a room lit only by lamps. And we can program the lighting to produce artificial "days",different from the day outside. After a while we have shifted their clocks. Now we take them far away from home and let them go on a sunny day. Most of thegn start out as if they know just which way to go, but choose a wrong direction. They have picked a direction that would be correct for the position of the sun and the time of day according to their shifted clocks.
It is known and experimented that homing pigeons can tell directions by the sun. But what happens when the sky is darkly overcast by clouds and no one can see where the sun is? Then the pigeons still find their way home. The salne experiment has been repeated many times on sunny days and the result was always the same. But on very overcast days clock-shifted pigeons are just as good as normal pigeons in starting out in the right directions. So it seems that pigeons also have some extra sense of direction to use when they cannot see the sun.
Naturally, people have wondered whether pigeons might have a built-in compass—something that would tell them about the directions of the earth's magnetic field. One way to test that idea would be to see if a pigeon's sense of direction can be fooled by a magnet attached to its back.
With a strong magnet close by, a compass can no longer tell direction.
To test the idea, a group of ten pigeons had strong little magnet bars attached to their backs.
Another group carried brass bars instead which were not magnetic. In a number of experiments,both groups were taken away from home and let go. On sunny days none of the magnet-pigeons was fooled. They were just as good as the brass-pigeons in starting out in the right direction toward home. On cloudy, overcast days, however, with no sun the brass-pigeons chose the right direction,but the magnet-pigeons were in trouble. They later started out in different directions and acted completely lost.
Which is true about pigeons' finding directions?
查看材料A．With a brass on back they can find directions sooner.
B．They can find directions better than other birds.
C．They use the earth's magnetic field and the sun to find directions.
D．They can find directions only to their home.答案：C解析：根据文中研究太阳和地球磁场对鸽子生物钟影响的实验可知，二者都能帮助鸽子辨别方向。因此C项正确。 -
第18题：
Polyester (聚酯) is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company,believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.
All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.
Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing "Melinar", the raw material frown which high quality polyester bottles are made.
The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in giant two-liter containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.
Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles and will continue to be so, unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.
Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be reused. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICI's commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make
them visually more attractive to the public.
The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.
?Plastics of various kinds have been used for making bottles__________.A.since 1982
B.since the 1970s but only for large bottles
C.since the 1960s but not for liquids with gas in them
D.since companies like Coca Cola first tried them答案：C解析：根据第四段“Nor was PVC，the plastic which had been used for bottles since the l960s，suitable for drinks with gas in them．"可知，作为“plastics of various kinds”中的一种，PVC在1960s就已用于瓶子包装．因此可以判断“plastics of various kinds”在1960s就已用于瓶子包装。 -
第19题：
Amold Schwarzenegger.Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you.It’s easy to beat plastic.They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day-encouraging you,the consumer,to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics.But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual,however,is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved.One their own,taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws,for example,will accomplish little and require very little of us.They could even be detrimental,satisfying a need to have“done our bit”without ever progressing onto bigger,bolder,more effective actions-a kind of“moral licensing”that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping hags and straws,we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as“consumers”we must shop sustainably,rather than as“citizens”hole our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s.We shouldn’t expect it to be.In her latest book,Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things.Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R.DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action,or banning single-use plastics altogether.India has just announced it will“eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.”There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier,such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment.It’s just that individual actions are too slow,she says,for that to be the only,or even primary,approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual.It’s just about putting things into perspective.We don’t have time to wait.We need progressive policies that shape collective action(and rein in polluting businesses),alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.
By pointing out out identity“citizens”,the author indicates that_____《》（）A.our focus should be shifted to community welfare
B.our relationship with local industries is improving
C.We have been actively exercising our civil rights
D.We should press our government to lead the combat答案：D解析：根据题干中的关键词“By pointing out our identity as“citizens”,the author indicates that”，我们可以定位到原文中的第四段，因为该段只有一句话，所以根据关键信息我们只需要理解后半句“rather than as“citizens”hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systematic change”，意即“而不是作为“市民”，去推动我们的政府和行业去做出真正的系统性的改变”。意思就是作者希望政府自发作出改变来应对当下的情形，反观选项，只有D选项表达出这一层含义，“我们应该施压于政府使其主导这场斗争”。故而正确答案是D选项。 -
第20题：
共用题干
Paper or plastic?
Take a walk along the Chesapeake Bay,and you are likely to see plastic bags floating in the water. Ever since these now ubiquitous symbols of American super-consumption showed up in the supermarkets,plastic shopping bags have made their______(51)into local waterways,and from there,into the bay,where they can______（52)wildlife. Piles of them一the______（53)takes centuries to decompose一show up in landfills and on city streets.Plastic bags also take an environmental toll in the form of millions of barrels of oil expended every year to produce them.
Enter Annapolis______(54)you will see plastic bags distributed free in department stores and supermarkets.Alderman Sam Shropshire has introduced a well-meaning proposal to ban retailers ______(55) distributing plastic shopping bags in Maryland's capital. Instead,retailers would be required to offer bags______(56)recycled paper and to sell reusable bags.The city of Baltimore is considering a similar measure.Opponents of the idea,however,argue that______(57)bags are harmful,too:they cost more to make,they consume more______(58)to transport,and recycling them causes more pollution than recycling plastic.The argument for depriving Annapolis residents of their plastic bags is．______（59)accepted.Everyone in this______(60)is right about one thing:disposable shopping bags of any type are______(61),and the best outcome would be for customers to reuse bags instead.Annapolis's mayor is investigating how to hand out free,reusable shopping bags to city residents,a proposal that can proceed regardless of whether other bags are banned.A less-expensive______(62)would be to encourage retailers to give discounts to customers______(63)bring their own,reusable bags,a policy that a spokesman for the supermarket Giant Food says its chain already has in place.And this policy would be more______(64)if stores imitated furniture mega-retailer Ikea and charged for disposable bags at the checkout counter. A broad ban on the use of plastic shopping bags,which would merely replace some forms of pollution with others,is not the______(65)._________(54)
A:or
B:and
C:but
D:so答案：B解析：make their way into表示“潜入”的意思。塑料购物袋进入水道。所以选择C。
通过常识可以判断，塑料袋肯定对野生动物是有害的，所以选择A。
element：元素；mixture:混合物；matter：事情，问题；material：物质，材料。通过比较发现，D选项最符合题意。
此处and起到承接的作用。
ban sb.from doing sth.：禁止某人做某事。选择A。
made of：由什么制作而成。
根据空格后句中的too可以推知，空格中的单词在文中出现过，而相对于plastic bags ,paper bags能够与之对应。
resources：资源。很显然，使用纸也是一种资源浪费，因为they consume more resources to transport（它们需要耗费更多能源去运输）。其他选项都与该句意思无关。
通过后一句the best outcome would be for customers to reuse bags instead（解决问题最好的方式是顾客重复利用塑料袋子），可以推知他们是反对禁塑的。所以选择far from accept（远未接受）。
debate：讨论，辫论。文章指出，人们讨论是使用塑料袋还是纸袋，这是一场辫论，所以选择D。
通过理解后一句的意思，可以推知人们认为一次性塑料袋是浪费，所以选 wasteful（浪费的，挥霍的）。
alternative：选择。less-expensive是经过比较才能产生的，所以选择A。
此处要表达的意思是给那些自带可重复使用的袋子的顾客以优惠，所以选择B。
effective：有效。此处的意思是如果商店……这种政策将会更加有效。
suggestion：建议；statement了观点；reply：回复，回信；answer：答案，答复。 answer更侧重于问题的答案、问题的解决之道，所以D选项最合适。 -
第21题：
Directions: For this part you are towrite a composition with Dishonesty in Tourism as its title. Your compositionshould have a length of 120 words or so.答案：解析：Dishonesty in Tourism Since the economy ofChina has developed greatly, with more money in their pockets, people arespending more on travelling, which has brought prosperity to tourism.Nevertheless, many travel agencies or agents are reported to cheat theircustomers and make money in a dishonest way.
The reason fordishonesty in tourism is various. First and for most, money is the spur. Sometravel agencies use all means to cheat their customers in order to get moremoney. Secondly, to survive in the fierce competition, travel agencies have tomake enough profits. To realize profit maximization, they cheat. Last but notleast, their victims seem to have little sense of defending their fights.
To regulate travelagencies and protect the fights of tourists, the government has issued variouslaws. However, I think tourists can take the following tips to avoid travelseams. First, choose a trustworthy travel agency for your trip. Secondly, useyour common sense and keep alert while travelling. Finally, defend yourself ifyour fights are violated. -
第22题：
So far the construction of the two new bridges over the river （）.
- A、have been completed
- B、has been completed
- C、has completed
- D、have completed
正确答案:B -
第23题：
单选题Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology（）so rapidly.Ais changing
Bhas been changed
Cwill have changed
Dwill change
正确答案： C解析： 暂无解析