In 1959 Frederick Herzberg developed the Two-Factor theory of motivation. His research showed that certain factors were the true motivators or satisfiers. Hygiene factors, in contrast, created dissatisfaction if they were absent or inadequate. Dissatisfac

_______you said is true, there are still other factors to be considered.

A．Supposed that what
B．Supposing what that
C．Granted that what
D．Considered what that

共用题干
第一篇

Ulcers

Even though ulcers appear to run in families,lifestyle plays more of a role than genetic
（基因的）factors in causing the illness, according to a report in the April 13th issue of
Journal of Internal Medicine. In particular,smoking and stress in men and the regular use
of pain-releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing an
ulcer（溃疡）.
Overall,61% of ulcer risk appears to be due to environmental factors,such as
smoking,and the remaining 39% is due to genes,according to Dr. lsmo Raiha of the
University of Turkey and colleagues at the University of Helsinki,Finland.Some
researchers had suggested that families may spread Helicobacteria pyloni（幽门螺旋菌）,
the bacteria（细菌）that can cause ulcers. However, the new study suggests this is
unlikely,according to the report.
Raiha and colleagues studied data from more than 13,000 pairs of twins to examine
the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the origin of ulcer. Both twins were more
likely to develop an ulcer if the pain were genetically the same as compared with a pair of
fraternal（由两受精卵发育而成的）twins , suggesting that there must be some genetic
susceptibility（敏感性）to ulcer development.
However,the risk was no greater in twins living together compared with twins living
apart,suggesting that shared exposure to H.pyloni was not to blame." Environmental
effects were not due to factons shared by family members,and they were related to smoking
and stress in men and the use of pain-releasing medicines in women,"the authors write in
their report.

61% of ulcer risk seems to be caused by
A:unknown factors.
B:economic factors.
C:environmental factors.
D:genetic factors.

In 1959 Frederick Herzberg developed the Two-Factor theory of motivation. His research showed that certain factors were the true motivators or satisfiers. Hygiene factors, in contrast, created dissatisfaction if they were absent or inadequate. Dissatisfaction could be prevented by improvements in hygiene factors but these improvements would not alone provide motivation. Herzberg showed that to truly motivate an employee a business needs to create conditions that make him or her feel fulfilled in the workplace.

C Company aims to motivate its employees both by paying attention to hygiene factors and by enabling satisfiers. For example, it motivates and empowers its employees by appropriate and timely communication, by delegating responsibility and involving staff in decision making. It holds forums every year in which staff can be part of the discussions on pay rises. This shows recognition of the work people do and rewards them. The staff can even influence what food goes onto its restaurant menus. Employees thus become motivated to make choices that will increase their use of the restaurants.



Which situation（s） makes you feel motivated or discouraged because of a hygiene factor

A.Work happily with the colleagues of our team
B.My boss appreciates my project plan
C.am the best salesperson this year
D.All above

共用题干
How Human's Personalities and Behaviors Are Formed
1 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
2 Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are very different from each other.The controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature vs.nurture".
3 Those who support the"nature"side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors.That our environment has littie,if anything ,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behaviors is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
4 Those who support the"nurture"theory,that is,they advocate education,are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists maintain that,like machines ,humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
5 Let us examine the different expianations about one human chiaracteristic，intelligence ,offered by the tow theories.Supporters of the"nature"theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined.Needless to say ,they don’t believe that factors in the enviroment have much inluence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic.On the other hand,behaviorists argue that our inelligence levels are the product of our experiences.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an invironment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

Social scientists want to clear out______.
A:human is i)Orfl with a certain personality
B:how the personality and behavior are formed
C:will experience intellectual development
D:tWo differenlt schools on the matter have developed
E:will influ ence on characters
F:human is horn with no personality

______ you said is true, there are still other factors to be considered.

A．Supposed that what
B．Supposing what that
C．Granted that what
D．Considered what that

In 1959 Frederick Herzberg developed the Two-Factor theory of motivation. His research showed that certain factors were the true motivators or satisfiers. Hygiene factors, in contrast, created dissatisfaction if they were absent or inadequate. Dissatisfaction could be prevented by improvements in hygiene factors but these improvements would not alone provide motivation. Herzberg showed that to truly motivate an employee a business needs to create conditions that make him or her feel fulfilled in the workplace.

C Company aims to motivate its employees both by paying attention to hygiene factors and by enabling satisfiers. For example, it motivates and empowers its employees by appropriate and timely communication, by delegating responsibility and involving staff in decision making. It holds forums every year in which staff can be part of the discussions on pay rises. This shows recognition of the work people do and rewards them. The staff can even influence what food goes onto its restaurant menus. Employees thus become motivated to make choices that will increase their use of the restaurants.



What are the factors that make the employees feel motivated after they take part in the discussions on pay rises

A.Work itself and responsibility
B.Relationship with co-workers and promotion
C.Recognition and achievement
D.Job security and growth

共用题干
How Human's Personalities and Behaviors Are Formed
1 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
2 Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are very different from each other.The controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature vs.nurture".
3 Those who support the"nature"side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors.That our environment has littie,if anything ,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behaviors is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
4 Those who support the"nurture"theory,that is,they advocate education,are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists maintain that,like machines ,humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
5 Let us examine the different expianations about one human chiaracteristic，intelligence ,offered by the tow theories.Supporters of the"nature"theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined.Needless to say ,they don’t believe that factors in the enviroment have much inluence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic.On the other hand,behaviorists argue that our inelligence levels are the product of our experiences.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an invironment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

Those who support the"nature"theory don’t believe environment_______.
A:human is i)Orfl with a certain personality
B:how the personality and behavior are formed
C:will experience intellectual development
D:tWo differenlt schools on the matter have developed
E:will influ ence on characters
F:human is horn with no personality

The endurance and determination are the most important factors in his success.

A:ambition
B:vision
C:experience
D:perseverance