单选题请阅读 Passage 1,完成第 21~25小题。Passage 1Every year, the Nobel Prize is given to outstanding work in six fields: physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, economics, and work in peace.These prizes are named after Alfred Nobel, who asked for the Nobel Foundat

题目

单选题

请阅读 Passage 1,完成第 21~25小题。Passage 1Every year, the Nobel Prize is given to outstanding work in six fields: physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, economics, and work in peace.These prizes are named after Alfred Nobel, who asked for the Nobel Foundation to be made in his will.He was an inventor and businessman.Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden in 1883.His father, Immanuel Nobel has periods of success building bridges and periods of not making any money.Immanuel sent Alfred to study chemistry in Paris.Alfred met Ascanio Sobrero, who found the liquid nitroglycerine, a liquid that explodes very easily.Alfred thought about making use of nitroglycerine in the construction of bridges and tunnels.An accident happened during the experiment with the liquid, causing an explosion, which killed and injured several people, including his brother.He continued looking for ways to make this liquid not explode so easily.Nobel was successful in finding a safe way to store the liquid and in 1864 began producing huge amounts of it.He found that mixing it with kind of sand would turn the liquid into a paste.He then wanted to shape the paste into rods that would make it easy to blow up rock when building a tunnel.In 1867, he patented the material as dynamite.This patent greatly reduced the costs of blasting rock and drilling tunnels.As a businessman, Nobel set up laboratories that made dynamite in 90 locations in more than 20 countries.Although dynamite was useful in construction, many people used it as a weapon in war. At age 43, the wealthy and lonely businessman put an ad in the newspaper for a secretary though he was really looking for a wife.Bertha Kinsky worked as his secretary for a short time, but married another man and became Bertha von Suttner.Bertha and Alfred remained friends and wrote letters many years later.She most likely influenced him to strive for peace.She published a novel “Lay Down Your Arms!” in 1889 and became a leading figure in the peace movement.For these reasons, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905.Why was Bertha von Suttner awarded the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize?

She encouraged the Nobel family to make as many patents as possible.

She effected change in Nobel's policy and had protests against war.

She helped Alfred Nobel with many of his inventions.

She was influential in the building of many laboratories in 90 countries.

相似考题

1.From the passage, we know that The song Auld Lang Syne mainly played in the USA _A. On New Year’s Eve. B. On Christmas Eve. C. On weekends. D. On holidays.

2.阅读下面一段课文，回答下列 21～23 小题。第 21 题解释这段文字中加点字的含义。暗：穿：

3.请教:2005年12月大学英语三级考试真题第1大题第3小题如何解答?【题目描述】第3题：According to this passage, gestures are__________A. spoken words B. a non-language elementC. pictures in a language D. written language

4.阅读下面一段课文，回答下列 21～23 小题。第 21 题解释文中加点字的含义。成立：祚薄：儿息：婴：

更多“请阅读 Passage 1,完成第 21~25小题。Passage 1Every year, the Nobel Pri”相关问题

第1题：

阅读下面一段课文，回答下列 21～23 小题。
第 21 题分析这首诗融写景、抒情、说理为一体的特色。

正确答案：
这首诗虽然只有十句，但其中却有说理，有写景，有抒情，恰切地表现了诗人非常细微的内心感受。诗的开头四句和末尾二旬说理，中间四句写景。但说理中也有景物描写，如“心远地自偏”，虽是说理却给人以很强的形象感。说理中也有抒情，如“此中有真意，欲辨已忘言”，就洋溢着诗人喜悦的心情。同时，中间的四句虽然写的是天气和飞鸟，也包含着诗人对田园生活的喜爱之情。而飞鸟晚归的形象描写，也寓示着诗人找到了生活上的皈依。
第2题：

请教:2011年会计从业资格考试《初级电算化》试题二第1大题第21小题如何解答?

【题目描述】

21. 日期1900年1月25日在Excel系统内部储存的是（）

A.25

B.1,25,00

C.1-25-00

D.00,1,25

正确答案：A

答案分析：

因为EXCEL是从1900-1-1开始计算的

因为EXCEL是从1990-1-1开始计算的

A 25因为EXCEL是从1900-1-1开始计算的
第3题：

25． The passage can most probably be found in a ________ book．
A． science
B． history
C． travel
D． maths

正确答案：A
25.A【解析】本文是一篇科普性的文章，应该出自自然科学方面的书籍。
第4题：

一、简答题(本题共3题。第1小题8分。第2小题10分，第3小题17分。共35分)
1、请简述企业组织信息采集的程序。(8分)

答案：
解析：
企业组织信息采集的程序如下：

(1)调研准备阶段在本阶段，调研人员通过对企业的相关信息进行初步分析和非正式调研，确定调研的主题内容和范围。
①初步情况分析。初步情况分析是指调研人员对本部门、本企业已掌握的相关信息进行初步分析，了解情况，提出假设的调研主题。要求企业和部门在提供信息时．从实际出发，实事求是，并尽可能突出重点，抓住问题的要害。
②非正式调研。非正式调研是指对假设的调研主题展开调查，发现新问题，淘汰旧问题，探求真正的问题所在。调研人员可以调查访问有经验的专业技术人员、相关人员和个别用户，听取他们的一般性意见，进一步明确该调查项目的具体目的和要求，做到有的放矢。
③确定调研目标。调研目标的确定是指在初步情况分析和非正式调研之后，逐步缩小调查范围，明确调查目的，确定调查项目的重点。

(2)
正式调研阶段在本阶段，调研人员应确定获取相关信息的手段与方法，设计出科学合理的调查表格，并按预定的计划和设想，到现
场展开调查。
①相关信息的来源
a．原始资料。又称第一手资料．或初级资料．是指调研人员自己采集的资料，如企业的业务状况记录、销售记录、成本记录、用户意见簿记录、消费者反馈信息记录、对批发企业和零售企业的调查记录等。
B．二手资料。又称次级资料，是指经过别人采集、整理和初步分析过的资料。这种资料通过机关、企业等单位或报纸杂志获得．成本低，但很可能失实，或由于时间、地点、条件变化而使资料失去使用价值。

②选择抽样方法，设计调查问卷理想的调查问卷和科学合理的抽样方法，是调研顺利进行的保证。调查问卷应根据调查内容而设置，要求做到文字简练、通俗易懂，内容简单、明确，所提的问题不宜太长、太繁，要便于被调查者回答．尽可能让被调查者用“√”或“×”来回答，这样也便于数据的统计、处理和分析。

③实地调查实地调查又称现场调查，是指到现场去调查，以获取第一手资料。这一环节对调查人员的思想政治水平、工作责任心、业务技巧水平和工作能力有很高的要求，因此要对调研人员进行慎重的选择、科学的培训和有效的管理。
第5题：

单选题
Which of the following best describes the relationship between Passage 1 and Passage 2?
A
Passage 2 offers a criticism of the political theory outlined in Passage 1.
B
Passage 1 expands upon an argument made in Passage 2.
C
Passage 1 refutes the conclusion drawn in Passage 2.
D
Passage 2 offers a balanced counterpoint to the biased opinions expressed in Passage 1
E
Passage I offers evidence to support the main idea of Passage 2.

正确答案： E
解析：
第一篇文章简短地描述了遏制政策。第二篇文章主要讲的是美国之所以没能稳定越南局势是因为美国使用了遏制政策。A项最好的解释了两篇文章的关系。
第6题：

单选题
Which of the following activities can be used to get the main idea of a passage? _____.
A
reading the passage in detail
B
reading to sequence the events
C
reading to fill in the charts
D
reading the first and last sentences of the passage and the paragraphs

正确答案： B
解析：
阅读段落的第一句话和最后一句话便可大致判定段落主旨。
第7题：

单选题
The two passages differ in their perspectives on the debate between industrialists and environmentalists mainly in that Passage 1 emphasizes ______.
A
mathematics, while Passage 2 emphasizes psychology
B
deficiencies in the debate, while Passage 2 emphasizes progress in the debate
C
the irrelevance of externalities, while Passage 2 emphasizes their importance
D
the impact on taxpayers, while Passage 2 emphasizes the views of politicians
E
pollution, while Passage 2 emphasizes recycling

正确答案： C
解析：
第一篇文章主要是关于环境保护论争论的缺陷，提到取得的进步很少，妖魔化成分太多，并提议进行更广范围的分析。第二段表明Costanza的作品认为实业家和环境保护主义者没有明显差别，论辩因此取得了进步。
第8题：

单选题
We may conclude from the passage that ______.
A
universities’ grants has risen less than 13%
B
universities are facing serious pension deficits
C
universities in the UK are predicting an average surplus of 1. 6% for the end of the financial year, so no need to worry for the moment
D
many universities have cut the number of research projects

正确答案： C
解析：
题目问的是：我们可以从文中得出什么？倒数第13段提到“The report also noted that staffing costs, following the 13％three-year pay deal agreed in 2006, had risen at a faster rate than universities’ grants.”说明人事费增长13％，比大学津贴涨幅快，也就是说大学津贴涨幅少于13％。故选A。
第9题：

单选题
According to the passage, man’s intelligence _____.
A
stays the same throughout the year
B
varies from day to day
C
changes with the season
D
changes from year to year

正确答案： C
解析：
推理题。文章的第一句“If you are like most people, your intelligence varies from season to season”已经点出了本文的中心大意。
第10题：

单选题
Unlike Passage 1, Passage 2 discusses ______.
A
the procedures of a specific experiment
B
a mistaken assumption
C
the work of professional researchers
D
social behavior
E
human emotions

正确答案： B
解析：
第一篇文章提到了错误的假设，文中他反驳直觉是能产生无限力量的未经开发的源泉的观点（2-3行），文中还提到职业研究人员的作品（Haight 和Daniel Kahneman的作品），社会行为（40-51）以及人类情感（36-39行）。然而并没有像第二篇一样描述了特定实验的程序。
第11题：

单选题
Which statement most accurately describes the difference between the two passages?
A
Passage 1 deals less directly with the exportation of chimpanzees than does Passage 2.
B
Passage 1 is less concerned with the interaction between man and the land than is Passage 2.
C
Passage I pertains to a species in its indigenous habitat while Passage 2 addresses the same animal in nonnative settings.
D
Passage I ends with an expression of optimism and Passage 2 does not.
E
Passage I introduces a species and describes its status worldwide, while Passage 2 limits its discussion of that species to its activities in the Northern Hemisphere.

正确答案： A
解析：
第一篇文章主要是关于黑猩猩在自然栖息地生存的情况。第二篇文章主要是关于黑猩猩在非自然栖息地生存的情况。故选C项。
第12题：

单选题
请阅读 Passage 1,完成第 21~25小题。Passage 1Every year, the Nobel Prize is given to outstanding work in six fields: physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, economics, and work in peace.These prizes are named after Alfred Nobel, who asked for the Nobel Foundation to be made in his will.He was an inventor and businessman.Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden in 1883.His father, Immanuel Nobel has periods of success building bridges and periods of not making any money.Immanuel sent Alfred to study chemistry in Paris.Alfred met Ascanio Sobrero, who found the liquid nitroglycerine, a liquid that explodes very easily.Alfred thought about making use of nitroglycerine in the construction of bridges and tunnels.An accident happened during the experiment with the liquid, causing an explosion, which killed and injured several people, including his brother.He continued looking for ways to make this liquid not explode so easily.Nobel was successful in finding a safe way to store the liquid and in 1864 began producing huge amounts of it.He found that mixing it with kind of sand would turn the liquid into a paste.He then wanted to shape the paste into rods that would make it easy to blow up rock when building a tunnel.In 1867, he patented the material as dynamite.This patent greatly reduced the costs of blasting rock and drilling tunnels.As a businessman, Nobel set up laboratories that made dynamite in 90 locations in more than 20 countries.Although dynamite was useful in construction, many people used it as a weapon in war. At age 43, the wealthy and lonely businessman put an ad in the newspaper for a secretary though he was really looking for a wife.Bertha Kinsky worked as his secretary for a short time, but married another man and became Bertha von Suttner.Bertha and Alfred remained friends and wrote letters many years later.She most likely influenced him to strive for peace.She published a novel “Lay Down Your Arms!” in 1889 and became a leading figure in the peace movement.For these reasons, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905.Who discovered nitroglycerine?
A
Bertha von Suttner.
B
Ascanio Sobrero.
C
Alfred Nobel.
D
Immanuel Nobel.

正确答案： C
解析：
第13题：

阅读《山居秋暝》，回答下列 21～23 小题。
第 21 题如何理解这首诗中以动写静、动静相衬的表现手法?

正确答案：
这首诗最一个突出的特点就是用以动写静、动静相衬的手法，写出了山村宁静优美的景色。傍晚，秋雨过后，明月初照，清新而静谧。但诗人并没有一味写出山村如何宁静，而是写静中之动，写清泉在石上流淌，写洗衣女子在竹林中说笑，写渔船归来搅动莲花，给这幽静的画面增添了一些生趣，多了一种宜人的情调。动静互相映衬，收到了良好的艺术效果。
第14题：

请教:2010年剑桥初级商务英语阅读训练(4)第1大题第1小题如何解答?

【题目描述】

第1题：

正确答案：C
第15题：

To grasp the gist of a passage in a quick way, what may a reader focus on?

A．The transitional paragraphs.
B．The whole passage.
C．The topic sentences.
D．Every sentence in the passage.

答案：C
解析：
考查阅读策。题目问“要想快速抓住文章要点，读者应该集中关注什么”。因为是要求在短时间内就迅速抓住要点，很显然找到主题句是最快捷的方式。the transitional paragraph“过渡段”，the whole passage“全篇”。the topic Sentences“主题句”，every sentences in the passage“文章每一个句子”。故选C，
第16题：

单选题
Which best characterizes how the impact of science on chimpanzees is treated in these two passages?
A
The author of Passage 1 lauds the benefits science has produced, while the author of Passage 2 speaks hopefully of possible future benefits.
B
Both of the passages react with distrust to the idea of using science to assess chimpanzees.
C
The first passage lists the studies that showed positive chimp interactions, while the author of Passage 2 refutes their claims,
D
The first passage suggests that science can have a positive impact on perceptions about chimps, whereas the second passage views science as almost universally negative.
E
The author of the first passage is more apt to justify using chimps in science than the author of Passage 2.

正确答案： E
解析：
两篇文章对于科学的态度是不同的。第一篇文章列举一些关于黑猩猩的科学发现，体现了科学的正面作用。而第二篇文章提到黑猩猩被滥用为科学实验的对象，故选D项。
第17题：

单选题
请阅读 Passage 1,完成第 21~25小题。Passage 1Every year, the Nobel Prize is given to outstanding work in six fields: physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, economics, and work in peace.These prizes are named after Alfred Nobel, who asked for the Nobel Foundation to be made in his will.He was an inventor and businessman.Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden in 1883.His father, Immanuel Nobel has periods of success building bridges and periods of not making any money.Immanuel sent Alfred to study chemistry in Paris.Alfred met Ascanio Sobrero, who found the liquid nitroglycerine, a liquid that explodes very easily.Alfred thought about making use of nitroglycerine in the construction of bridges and tunnels.An accident happened during the experiment with the liquid, causing an explosion, which killed and injured several people, including his brother.He continued looking for ways to make this liquid not explode so easily.Nobel was successful in finding a safe way to store the liquid and in 1864 began producing huge amounts of it.He found that mixing it with kind of sand would turn the liquid into a paste.He then wanted to shape the paste into rods that would make it easy to blow up rock when building a tunnel.In 1867, he patented the material as dynamite.This patent greatly reduced the costs of blasting rock and drilling tunnels.As a businessman, Nobel set up laboratories that made dynamite in 90 locations in more than 20 countries.Although dynamite was useful in construction, many people used it as a weapon in war. At age 43, the wealthy and lonely businessman put an ad in the newspaper for a secretary though he was really looking for a wife.Bertha Kinsky worked as his secretary for a short time, but married another man and became Bertha von Suttner.Bertha and Alfred remained friends and wrote letters many years later.She most likely influenced him to strive for peace.She published a novel “Lay Down Your Arms!” in 1889 and became a leading figure in the peace movement.For these reasons, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905.What was one problem of nitroglycerine?
A
Office buildings could not be built using nitroglycerine.
B
Transporting the compound from one factory to another took too much time
C
The compound was explosive and storing it safely was difficult.
D
Making dynamite from the compound was too expensive to make a prof it.

正确答案： C
解析：
第18题：

单选题
According to the passage, residents in the state of Mississippi saved last year from tax breaks about.
A
$10 million
B
$47. 4 million
C
no statistics available
D
nearly a 3 percent increase

正确答案： D
解析：
细节题。第三段首句指出“没有数据显示消费者每年会从这些免税购物中节省多少钱”，接下来该提到得克萨斯州和马萨诸塞州估计的节省的数额，并未提到密西西比州的统计数字。因此选项C符合题意。
第19题：

单选题
The author of Passage 2 would most likely regard the spate of recent popular books (line 1) mentioned in Passage 1 with ______.
A
righteous indignation
B
informed skepticism
C
eager anticipation
D
sentimental regret
E
bewilderment

正确答案： B
解析：
第二篇文章的作者对直觉是有用的这个观点持怀疑态度。他反驳在比赛中最重要的球是最后一个进球这种观点。
第20题：

单选题
请阅读 Passage 1,完成第 21~25小题。Passage 1Every year, the Nobel Prize is given to outstanding work in six fields: physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, economics, and work in peace.These prizes are named after Alfred Nobel, who asked for the Nobel Foundation to be made in his will.He was an inventor and businessman.Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden in 1883.His father, Immanuel Nobel has periods of success building bridges and periods of not making any money.Immanuel sent Alfred to study chemistry in Paris.Alfred met Ascanio Sobrero, who found the liquid nitroglycerine, a liquid that explodes very easily.Alfred thought about making use of nitroglycerine in the construction of bridges and tunnels.An accident happened during the experiment with the liquid, causing an explosion, which killed and injured several people, including his brother.He continued looking for ways to make this liquid not explode so easily.Nobel was successful in finding a safe way to store the liquid and in 1864 began producing huge amounts of it.He found that mixing it with kind of sand would turn the liquid into a paste.He then wanted to shape the paste into rods that would make it easy to blow up rock when building a tunnel.In 1867, he patented the material as dynamite.This patent greatly reduced the costs of blasting rock and drilling tunnels.As a businessman, Nobel set up laboratories that made dynamite in 90 locations in more than 20 countries.Although dynamite was useful in construction, many people used it as a weapon in war. At age 43, the wealthy and lonely businessman put an ad in the newspaper for a secretary though he was really looking for a wife.Bertha Kinsky worked as his secretary for a short time, but married another man and became Bertha von Suttner.Bertha and Alfred remained friends and wrote letters many years later.She most likely influenced him to strive for peace.She published a novel “Lay Down Your Arms!” in 1889 and became a leading figure in the peace movement.For these reasons, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A
The construction of bridges and tunnels became much more expensive.
B
The original objective of dynamite was to help the Russian navy.
C
Many people used nitroglycerine as a weapon in war.
D
Alfred Nobel gave away prizes to specialists in six categories.

正确答案： D
解析：
第21题：

单选题
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the two passages?
A
Passage 2 describes a significant. and discovery that contradicts the argument of Passage 1.
B
Passage 2 offers a theory that supports the main point in Passage 1.
C
Passage I provides a possible reason for the scientific inquiry presented in Passage 2.
D
Passage 1 relates an anecdote that explains the popular misconception in Passage 2.
E
Passage 2 provides a historical context for the discovery described in Passage 1.

正确答案： D
解析：
第一篇文章主要讲到工具的创造是人类发展史上很重要的一步。第二篇文章主要描述了一项重大发现，即人类什么时候开始创造工具的的。C项最好地将两篇文章的关系表现出来了，第一篇文章提到工具创造对人类进化有很大的影响，第二篇文章继而对第一篇文章提出的问题作进一步研究，故选C项。
第22题：

问答题
Practice 1　 Listen to the following passage. Write in English a short summary of around 150-200 words of what you have heard. You will hear the passage only once, and then you will have 25 minutes to finish your summary. This part of the test carries 20 points. You may need to scribble a few notes to write your summary. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：【文章梗概】
本文主要讨论英语语言。文章认为英语是目前在全球范围内最为广泛使用的语言之一,运用该语言的人数之多, 前所未有。英语在人类生活的各方面广为运用。原因主要有三个,即英语在科学、技术和商业中的运用、英语吸收其它语言词汇的能力及英语接纳不同方言的能力。随着世界的变化,英语也会随之而变,将有新的形式出现。英语不是世界上少数几个国家的财产,它属于所有需要它、使用它的人。
【参考答案】
综述内容应包括5个主要点信息和9个次要点信息中的5个。下划线部分为主要点, 斜体部分为次要点。
The global spread of English over the last 40 years is remarkable. It is unprecedented in several ways: by the increasing number of users of the language, by its depth of penetration into societies and by its range of functions.
Worldwide over 1.4 billion people live in countries where English has official status. One out of five of the world’s population speaks English with some degree of competence. Over 70% of the world’s scientists read English. About 85% of the world’s mail is written in English. By 2010, the number of people who speak English as a second or foreign language will exceed the number of native speakers.
English is used for more purposes than ever before. Vocabularies, grammatical forms, and ways of speaking and writing have emerged influenced by technological and scientific developments, economics and management, literature and entertainment genres. What began some 1,500 years ago as a rude language, originally spoken by obscure Germanic tribes who invaded England, now encompasses the globe.
Three factors continue to contribute to this spread of English: English usage in science, technology and commerce, the ability to incorporate vocabulary from other languages, and the acceptability of various English dialects.
In science, English replaced German after World War Ⅱ. With this technical and scientific dominance came the beginning of overall linguistic dominance, first in Europe and then globally.
Today, the information age has replaced the industrial age and has compressed time and distance. This is transforming world economics from industrial production to information-based goods and services. Ignoring geography and borders, the information revolution is redefining our world. In less then 20 years, information processing, once limited to the printed word, has given way to computers and the Internet. Computer-mediated communication is closing the gap between spoken and written English. It encourages more informal conversational language and a tolerance for diversity and individual style, and has resulted in Internet English replacing the authority of language institutes and practices.
English, like many languages, uses a phonetic alphabet and fairly basic syntax. But most importantly, it has a large and extensive vocabulary, of which about 80%is foreign. Therefore, it has cognates from virtually every language in Europe and has borrowed and continues to borrow words from Spanish and French, Hebrew and Arabic, Hindi-Urdu and Bengali, Malay and Chinese, as well as languages from West Africa and Polynesia. This language characteristic makes it unique in history.
And there is no English language central authority to guard the purity of the language, therefore, many dialects have developed: American, British, Canadian, Indian, and Australian, to name a few. There is no standard pronunciation. But within this diversity is a unity of grammar and one set of core vocabulary. Thus, each country that speaks the language can inject aspects of its own culture into the usage and vocabulary.
The world is in transition, and the English language will take new forms. The language and how it is used will change, reflecting patterns of contact with other languages and the changing communication needs of people.
English is divesting itself of its political and cultural connotations as more people realize that English is not the property of only a few countries. Instead, it is a vehicle that is used globally and will lead to more opportunities. It belongs to whoever uses it for whatever purpose or need.
【解析】
一、主干内容表达部分:
这部分内容为文章的主干内容,是综述的主要点信息。
1. The global spread of English over the last 40 years is remarkable. It is unprecedented.
[分析]该句为开篇第一句,确定全篇话题,是全文框架性内容。
2. English is used for more purposes than ever before.
[分析]该句为段落首句,为全段中心句,也是全文话题下讨论的主要内容之一,因此是全文框架性内容。
3. Three factors continue to contribute to this spread of English: English usage in science, technology and commerce, the ability to incorporate vocabulary from other languages, and the acceptability of various English dialects.
[分析]从通篇结构判断,本句是全文讨论的重点内容,后面诸段都围绕该句中各关键表达进行,因此该句是全文框架性内容。
4. The world is in transition, and the English language will take new forms.
[分析]该句为段落首句,为全段中心句,也是全文话题下讨论的主要内容之一,因此是全文框架性内容。
5. It belongs to whoever uses it for whatever purpose or need.
[分析]本部分为全文最后一段最后一句,在对全文总结的基础上提出了对英语的展望,是全文框架性内容。
二、支持性细节表达部分
这部分内容为主要点的重要支持性细节,是综述的次要点信息。
1. In science, English replaced German after World War II. With this technical and scientific dominance came the beginning of overall linguistic dominance, first in Europe and then globally.
[分析]本句从历史角度具体阐释英语发展科技方面的原因, 有力支持了原文主要观点,因此是重要的支持性细节。
2. Computer-mediated communication encourages more informal conversational language and a tolerance for diversity and individual style, and has resulted in Internet English replacing the authority of language institutes and practices.
[分析]本句从目前科技发展的状况具体阐释了英语发展的原因,有力支持了原文主要观点,因此是重要的支持性细节。
3. English, like many languages, uses a phonetic alphabet and fairly basic syntax. But most importantly, it has a large and extensive vocabulary.
[分析]本句从语言特质角度分析了英语发展的原因,有力支持了原文主要观点,因此是重要的支持性细节。
4. It has cognates from virtually every language in Europe and has borrowed and continues to borrow words from other languages. This language characteristic makes it unique in history.
[分析]本句有理有据地分析了全文框架性内容中英语从其它语言吸收词汇的观点,内容概括适度,结论具有说服力,是重要的支持性细节。
5. And there is no English language central authority to guard the purity of the language, therefore, many dialects have developed.
[分析]本句位于段首,是本段中心句,亦概括解释了方言对英语发展的推动作用,因此是重要的支持性细节。
6. Thus, each country that speaks the language can inject aspects of its own culture into the usage and vocabulary.
[分析]本句位于段尾,通过信号词Thus可判断,本句是该段的总结句,概括全段内容,因此是重要的支持性细节。
7. The language and how it is used will change, reflecting patterns of contact with other languages and the changing communication needs of people.
[分析]本句紧接段落中心句,是对该句的进一步解释和阐述,而该段中心句内容也是全文框架性内容之一,因此本句是重要的支持性细节。
8. English is divesting itself of its political and cultural connotations.
[分析]本句位于最后一段段首,简明扼要说明了英语未来发展趋势的原因,因此是重要的支持性细节。
9. It is a vehicle that is used globally and will lead to more opportunities.
[分析]本句简单说明了英语未来发展的趋势,为全文结论的得出提供了有力证据,因此是重要的支持性细节。
【录音原文】
The global spread of English over the last 40 years is remarkable. It is unprecedented in several ways: by the increasing number of users of the language, by its depth of penetration into societies and by its range of functions.
Worldwide over 1.4 billion people live in countries where English has official status. One out of five of the world’s population speaks English with some degree of competence. Over 70% of the world’s scientists read English. About 85%of the world’s mail is written in English. By 2010, the number of people who speak English as a second or foreign language will exceed the number of native speakers.
English is used for more purposes than ever before. Vocabularies, grammatical forms, and ways of speaking and writing have emerged influenced by technological and scientific developments, economics and management, literature and entertainment genres. What began some 1,500 years ago as a rude language, originally spoken by obscure Germanic tribes who invaded England, now encompasses the globe.
Three factors continue to contribute to this spread of English: English usage in science, technology and commerce, the ability to incorporate vocabulary from other languages, and the acceptability of various English dialects.
In science, English replaced German after World War Ⅱ. With this technical and scientific dominance came the beginning of overall linguistic dominance, first in Europe and then globally.
Today, the information age has replaced the industrial age and has compressed time and distance. This is transforming world economics from industrial production to information-based goods and services. Ignoring geography and borders, the information revolution is redefining our world. In less than 20 years, information processing, once limited to the printed word, has given way to computers and the Internet. Computer-mediated communication is closing the gap between spoken and written English. It encourages more informal conversational language and a tolerance for diversity and individual style, and has resulted in Internet English replacing the authority of language institutes and practices.
English, like many languages, uses a phonetic alphabet and fairly basic syntax. But most importantly, it has a large and extensive vocabulary, of which about 80% is foreign. Therefore, it has cognates from virtually every language in Europe and has borrowed and continues to borrow words from Spanish and French, Hebrew and Arabic, Hindi-Urdu and Bengali, Malay and Chinese, as well as languages from West Africa and Polynesia. This language characteristic makes it unique in history.
And there is no English language central authority to guard the purity of the language, therefore, many dialects have developed: American, British, Canadian, Indian, and Australian, to name a few. There is no standard pronunciation. But within this diversity is a unity of grammar and one set of core vocabulary. Thus, each country that speaks the language can inject aspects of its own culture into the usage and vocabulary.
The word is in transition, and the English language will take new forms. The language and how it is used will change, reflecting patterns of contact with other languages and the changing communication needs of people.
English is divesting itself of its political and cultural connotations as more people realize that English is not the property of only a few countries. Instead, it is a vehicle that is used globally and will lead to more opportunities. It belongs to whoever uses it for whatever purpose or need.
解析：暂无解析
第23题：

单选题
请阅读 Passage 1,完成第 21~25小题。Passage 1Every year, the Nobel Prize is given to outstanding work in six fields: physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, economics, and work in peace.These prizes are named after Alfred Nobel, who asked for the Nobel Foundation to be made in his will.He was an inventor and businessman.Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden in 1883.His father, Immanuel Nobel has periods of success building bridges and periods of not making any money.Immanuel sent Alfred to study chemistry in Paris.Alfred met Ascanio Sobrero, who found the liquid nitroglycerine, a liquid that explodes very easily.Alfred thought about making use of nitroglycerine in the construction of bridges and tunnels.An accident happened during the experiment with the liquid, causing an explosion, which killed and injured several people, including his brother.He continued looking for ways to make this liquid not explode so easily.Nobel was successful in finding a safe way to store the liquid and in 1864 began producing huge amounts of it.He found that mixing it with kind of sand would turn the liquid into a paste.He then wanted to shape the paste into rods that would make it easy to blow up rock when building a tunnel.In 1867, he patented the material as dynamite.This patent greatly reduced the costs of blasting rock and drilling tunnels.As a businessman, Nobel set up laboratories that made dynamite in 90 locations in more than 20 countries.Although dynamite was useful in construction, many people used it as a weapon in war. At age 43, the wealthy and lonely businessman put an ad in the newspaper for a secretary though he was really looking for a wife.Bertha Kinsky worked as his secretary for a short time, but married another man and became Bertha von Suttner.Bertha and Alfred remained friends and wrote letters many years later.She most likely influenced him to strive for peace.She published a novel “Lay Down Your Arms!” in 1889 and became a leading figure in the peace movement.For these reasons, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905.Alfred Nobel's family ____ .
A
designed buildings that could survive explosions
B
continued to aid Ascanio Sobrero in his researches
C
was constantly successful in whatever enterprise they took on
D
had times in which they struggles for money and eamed a lot of money

正确答案： C
解析：

单选题请阅读 Passage 1,完成第 21~25小题。Passage 1Every year, the Nobel Prize is given to outstanding work in six fields: physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, economics, and work in peace.These prizes are named after Alfred Nobel, who asked for the Nobel Foundat

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