填空题When there was a direct impact that can be seen on the consumer, the importance of animal welfare could be raised.____

共用题干
第二篇

Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local en-vironment as a result of their activity as"ecosystem engineers"and predators.The study,published in the Journal of Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly,through moving of soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be at-tacked by vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said:"Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial and very aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area."
"In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,haying a big influence on the grassland food web,"Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both species which can be found across Eurone.including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect,showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering."
Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness. However,it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem.Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.

What does paragraph 6 tell us?
A:Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.
B:Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.
C:Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.
D:At higher density,ants produce a positive influence on an area.

资料：When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claims， the first step is to present the warranty， or any other records which might help. at the store of purchase. In most cases，this action will produce results. However， if it does not， there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general， the “higher up” his or her complaint， the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case， it is usually settled in the consumer's favor， assuming he or she has a just claim.
Consumers should complain in person whenever possible， but if they cannot get to the place of purchase， it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.
Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly， and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question If this cannot be done， the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong. rather than by making general statements. For example，“The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is better than “This stereo does not work” The store manager may advice the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so， the consumer should do this， stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. If a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result， the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer's rights.

When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty， what should she/he do first?

A.To ask for help from the shop assistants
B.To show the written promise by the company
C.To post it online
D.To complain to the company

共用题干
第二篇

Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"

Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment
as a result of their activity as"ecosystem engineers"and predators.The study,published in the Journal of
Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly,through moving the soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of
nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups,from decomposers
to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be attacked by
vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation,said,
"Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial and very
aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong
influence on their surrounding area."
"In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we
found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of
other animal groups.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,having a big influence on the
grassland food web,"Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and
densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both of which can be found across Europe,including the
UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the
local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the
opposite effect,the predation counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil
nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their
predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering."
Ants are important components of the ecosystem not only because they constitute a great part of the
animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity is incredibly high,and
these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness.However,it is
not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem.Ants are important
in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their
effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.

What does Paragraph 6 tell us?
A:Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.
B:Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.
C:Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.
D:At higher density,ants produce a positive influence on an area.

资料：When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claims， the first step is to present the warranty， or any other records which might help. at the store of purchase. In most cases，this action will produce results. However， if it does not， there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general， the “higher up” his or her complaint， the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case， it is usually settled in the consumer's favor， assuming he or she has a just claim.
Consumers should complain in person whenever possible， but if they cannot get to the place of purchase， it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.
Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly， and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question If this cannot be done， the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong. rather than by making general statements. For example，“The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is better than “This stereo does not work” The store manager may advice the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so， the consumer should do this， stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. If a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result， the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer's rights.

What if a polite complaint doesn't work?

A.Complain again politely.
B.Threaten to take further measures.
C.Complain in a rude way.
D.Report it to the management of the company.