32 History has shown that project managers can be trained in a combination of ways. Which method is usually preferred by most companies?A. Experiential learning, on-the-jobB. Formal education and special course (degreed programs)C. Professional activities

题目

32 History has shown that project managers can be trained in a combination of ways. Which method is usually preferred by most companies?

A. Experiential learning, on-the-job

B. Formal education and special course (degreed programs)

C. Professional activities, seminars

D. Individual readings

E. None of the above

相似考题

1.Using the data shown in the Special window, Activities P, Q, and T are critical path activities. In order to shorten the time duration of the project, which activity should be "crashed" first?A . PB . QC . RD . SE . T

2.In the past, most project managers have come from _____ fields without proper _____ training or education in skillsA . Technical; accounting/financeB . Technical; managementC . Technical; psychologicalD . Marketing; technology-orientedE . Business; manufacturing know-how

3.R & D project managers in high-tech companies most often motivate using _____ power.A ExpertB RewardC ReferentD IdentificationE None of the above

4.History has shown that project managers can be trained in a combination of ways. Which method is usually preferred by most companies?A . Experiential learning, on-the-jobB . Formal education and special course (degreed programs)C . Professional activities, seminarsD . Individual readingsE . None of the above

更多“32 History has shown that project managers can be trained in a combination of ways. Which method is usually preferred by most companies?A. Experiential learning, on-the-jobB. Formal education and special course (degreed programs)C. Professional activities”相关问题

  • 第1题：

    For every situation, several methods usually exist for effective communication to take place. Which of the following is least likely to be used for explaining to the team project planning guidelines?

    A project office memo

    B project office directive

    C project team meeting

    D formal report

    E counseling sessions


    正确答案：D

  • 第2题：

    46 R & D project managers in high-tech companies most often motivate using _____ power.

    A. Expert

    B. Reward

    C. Referent

    D. Identification

    E. None of the above


    正确答案：A

  • 第3题：

    112 Using the data shown in the Special window, Activities P, Q, and T are critical path activities. In order to shorten the time duration of the project, which activity should be "crashed" first?

    A. P

    B. Q

    C. R

    D. S

    E. T


    正确答案：A

  • 第4题：

    A project management technique that is currently in widespread use is the(71) . The purpose of this technique is to detail, in hierarchical fashion, all of the activities that are required to meet project objectives. There are some special activities called(72) , which are events that signify the accomplishment or completion of major deliverables during the project. Most system development methodologies also provide(73), whose purpose is to contain the various pieces of relevant information-feasibility assessments, schedules, needs analysis, and so forth-in a single place so that they can be presented to project clients and other related parties. Several types of important network diagrams are used in project management.(74) was developed to make clear the interdependence between project tasks before those tasks are scheduled.(75) offers the advantage of clearly showing overlapping tasks.

    A．Structure Chart

    B．Organizational Structure

    C．Work Breakdown Structure

    D．Functional decomposition diagram


    正确答案：C

  • 第5题：

    ● A project management technique that is currently in widespread use is the （71） . The purpose of this technique is to detail, in hierarchical fashion, all of the activities that are required to meet project objectives. There are some special activities called （72） , which are events that signify the accomplishment or completion of major deliverables during the project. Most system development methodologies also provide （73） , whose purpose is to contain the various pieces of relevant information – feasibility assessments, schedules, needs analysis, and so forth – in a single place so that they can be presented to project clients and other related parties. Several types of important network diagrams are used in project management. （74） was developed to make clear the interdependence between project tasks before those tasks are scheduled. （75） offers the advantage of clearly showing overlapping tasks.


    正确答案：B,D,A,C,D

  • 第6题：

    Passage 2
    Teacher education provided by U．S． colleges and universities has been routinely criticized sinceits inception in the early nineteenth century, sometimes deservedly． These programs, likenon-university programs, are uneven in quality and can be improved． What makes today′ s criticismsdifferent is an aggressive effort by advocacy groups, and self-proclaimed educational entrepreneursto deregulate the preparation of teachers, and to expand independent, alternative routes intoteaching．
    This effort to "disrupt" the field of teacher preparation in the United States has gainedconsiderable momentum and legitimacy, with venture capitalists, philanthropy, and the U．S．
    Department of Education all providing sponsorship and substantial funding．
    The strength of this effort is that the United States may quickly seek to dismantle its universitysystem and replace much of it with independent, private programs． The resulting system of teacherpreparation may differ dramatically in its government, structure, content, and processes movingaway from its current location alongside legal, medical, and other professional preparation that pairsacademic degrees with professional training．
    Throughout the nation, states are reporting teacher shortages in particular subject areas andgeographical locations, and several states have either passed legislation to lower the standards forbecoming a teacher or, like the state of Washington, have looked toward expanding the number ofteacher education providers to try to fill teaching vacancies． The federal government has contributedto the push to lower standards for becoming a teacher with the Teacher Preparation Academy
    provision in the new K-12 education law, the Every Student Succeeds Act, which encourages statesto expand the number of independent programs not associated with colleges and universities．
    Because of the increasing tuition rates, a consequence in part, of cuts in funding to publicuniversities that continue to educate most U．S． teachers, enrollments in college and universityteacher education programs have declined in many parts of the country． Independent teachereducation programs are being viewed by some as an important part of the solution in staffing thenation′s classrooms and addressing our serious and enduring problems in education inequities．
    Additionally, advocacy groups, philanthropists, and so-called education entrepreneurs are workingaggressively to expand these independent alternative routes into teaching．
    Given the seriousness of the teacher shortage problem in the United States and the substantialmedia attention that has been given to independent teacher education programs as the solution toteacher shortages and education inequities, policy makers should very carefully examine theevidence that exists about the nature and impact of these relatively new programs that are rapidlyexpanding while university teacher education enrollments decline．
    What can be inferred from Paragraph 1 about criticisms against teacher education


    A.The criticisms have been increasing．

    B.The criticisms may not be well justified sometimes．

    C.The criticisms mainly focus on the quality of non-university programs．

    D.The criticisms usually come from advocacy groups and so-called educational entrepreneurs．

    答案：D
    解析：
    推断题。从第一段的最后一句“Whatmakestoday’s criticisms different is an aggressiveeffort by advocacy groups，and self-proclaimed educational entrepreneurs to deregulate the preparation of teachers，and to expand independent，alternative routes into teaching．"可以推断出，对于如今师范教育的批判主要来自宣传组织和所谓的教育企业家，故选D。

  • 第7题：

    Passage 2
    Teacher education provided by U．S． colleges and universities has been routinely criticized sinceits inception in the early nineteenth century, sometimes deservedly． These programs, likenon-university programs, are uneven in quality and can be improved． What makes today′ s criticismsdifferent is an aggressive effort by advocacy groups, and self-proclaimed educational entrepreneursto deregulate the preparation of teachers, and to expand independent, alternative routes intoteaching．
    This effort to "disrupt" the field of teacher preparation in the United States has gainedconsiderable momentum and legitimacy, with venture capitalists, philanthropy, and the U．S．
    Department of Education all providing sponsorship and substantial funding．
    The strength of this effort is that the United States may quickly seek to dismantle its universitysystem and replace much of it with independent, private programs． The resulting system of teacherpreparation may differ dramatically in its government, structure, content, and processes movingaway from its current location alongside legal, medical, and other professional preparation that pairsacademic degrees with professional training．
    Throughout the nation, states are reporting teacher shortages in particular subject areas andgeographical locations, and several states have either passed legislation to lower the standards forbecoming a teacher or, like the state of Washington, have looked toward expanding the number ofteacher education providers to try to fill teaching vacancies． The federal government has contributedto the push to lower standards for becoming a teacher with the Teacher Preparation Academy
    provision in the new K-12 education law, the Every Student Succeeds Act, which encourages statesto expand the number of independent programs not associated with colleges and universities．
    Because of the increasing tuition rates, a consequence in part, of cuts in funding to publicuniversities that continue to educate most U．S． teachers, enrollments in college and universityteacher education programs have declined in many parts of the country． Independent teachereducation programs are being viewed by some as an important part of the solution in staffing thenation′s classrooms and addressing our serious and enduring problems in education inequities．
    Additionally, advocacy groups, philanthropists, and so-called education entrepreneurs are workingaggressively to expand these independent alternative routes into teaching．
    Given the seriousness of the teacher shortage problem in the United States and the substantialmedia attention that has been given to independent teacher education programs as the solution toteacher shortages and education inequities, policy makers should very carefully examine theevidence that exists about the nature and impact of these relatively new programs that are rapidlyexpanding while university teacher education enrollments decline．
    What measures have been taken by some states to deal with their teacher shortages


    A.To increase the number of qualified teachers．

    B.To increase funds for teacher education programs．

    C.To expand non-university teacher education programs．

    D.To establish the baseline of teacher education programs．

    答案：C
    解析：
    细节题。根据第四段中的“several stateshave eitherpassedlegislationtolowerthe standardsforbecoming ateacher”可知，几个州为了应付教师短缺局面通过了降低教师标准的立法，A项“增加合格教师的数量”与原文不符。根据第五段中的“Because ofthe increasing tuition rates，a consequence in part，ofcuts infunding to public universities that continHe to educate most U．S．teachers，enrollments in college and universityteacher education programs have declined in many parts of the country”可知．由于学费的增加，对高等师范教育的资金投入缩减了，B项“提高对师范教育项目的资金投入”与原文不符。根据第四段末尾“…encourages smtes toexpand the number of independent programs not associated with colleges and universities．”及第五段中的“Independent teacher education programs are being viewed by some as an important part of the solution in staffing thenation’s classrooms”可知．一些州发展私立师范教育项目，C项“发展非高等师范教育项目”正确。D项“为师范教育项目设立底线”．文中未提及。故选C。

  • 第8题：

    Which of the following is a typical feature of formal writing


    A.Archaic words are usually preferred.

    B.The precision of language is a priority.

    C.Short and incomplete sentences are preferred.

    D.An intimate relationship with the audience is established.

    答案：B
    解析：
    考查写作教学。句意为“下面哪项是正式文体写作的典型特征”A项“偏好使用古体词”，B项“首先要保证语言的准确性”，C项“偏好使用简短、不完整的句子”，D项“跟读者建立亲密的关系”。正式文体的要求首先是用词准确无歧义，如法律文书。故选B。

  • 第9题：

    资料：Special needs students can not only learn from regular education teachers, but can participate in collaborative learning with mainstream students as well. Collaborative learning allows students to work together in groups to complete lessons and assignments.
    A number of educators with inclusion classrooms are realizing the benefits of collaborative learning and special needs students being placed in small group environments with regular education classmates. Collaborative learning allows students to converse with one another and brainstorm together in order to find solutions to problems or to complete an assignment. This type of learning allows students of varying ability levels to lend their individual strengths to the group as a whole, thereby encouraging an appreciation of diverse ideas and approaches to problem solving.
    Teachers can choose to implement several different types of collaborative learning strategies, depending on the needs of students and the focus of specific assignments. Examples of small-group collaborative learning methods are:
    1） The Think-Pair-Share strategy, which involves each student in the group taking one minute to formulate a response to the teacher's question, then sharing individual findings with a partner. After collaborating in pairs, students can then share input with slightly larger groups or with the entire class.
    2） The Simple Jigsaw strategy, which involves four-person teams splitting a teacher-assigned task into equal parts. Each student in the group acts as an "expert" on one section of the assignment and meets with corresponding "experts" in other groups for discussion and task mastering. Students then return to their initial teams to share their knowledge of the task with other members.
    3） The Three-Step Interview strategy, through which students initially break into pairs and take turns interviewing one another about an assignment. Each pair of students then combine with another pair in order to enhance the discussion.
    4） The Numbered Heads Together strategy, where each team member is assigned a number, then instructed to collaborate on a question. The teacher then calls a number randomly, and the student in each group who has that number acts as spokesperson in answering the question. Each student must be prepared for the possibility of having his or her number chosen.
    The benefits of collaborative learning and special needs students having the opportunity to engage in small group tasks can produce positive results in regard to classroom organization and management. Teachers who research tips on collaborative learning and implement the practice with students are likely to have a successful inclusion classroom.

    What is the most distinct feature you think by the term “inclusion classroom”?（ ）

    A.It is desired for students with special needs
    B.It is tutored by regular teachers for mainstream students
    C.It is planned for collaborative learning by mainstream students
    D.It has students with special needs and regular education classmates

    答案：D
    解析：
    本题考查细节理解。
    【关键词】distinct feature; inclusion classroom
    【主题句】第1自然段Special needs students can not only learn from regular education teachers, but can participate in collaborative learning with mainstream students as well. Collaborative learning allows students to work together in groups to complete lessons and assignments. 特殊需要的学生不仅可以从普通教师那里学习，而且可以与普通学生一起参与协作学习。协作学习允许学生小组合作完成课程和作业。第2自然段A number of educators with inclusion classrooms are realizing the benefits of collaborative learning and special needs students being placed in small group environments with regular education classmates.一些开展融合教室的教育工作者逐渐意识到了合作学习以及特殊需要的学生被安排到小组环境中与普通教育的同学们一起学习的益处。
    【解析】本题的问题是“你认为‘融合教室’这一术语的最显著特征是什么？”。根据主题句可知，融合教室的最大特点就是普通教育的学生与特殊需要的学生在一起合作学习，故选D。

  • 第10题：

    The theory of learning underlying the Grammar-Translation Method was Faculty Psychology. The Faculty Psychologists believed that the mind of human beings had various faculties which could be trained separately.（）


    正确答案:正确

  • 第11题：

    单选题
    Which of the following is a typical feature of formal writing?
    A

    Archaic words are usually preferred.

    B

    The precision of language is a priority.

    C

    Short and incomplete sentences are preferred.

    D

    An intimate relationship with the audience is established.


    正确答案： D
    解析：

  • 第12题：

    单选题
    One of the biggest threats to a company’s productivity is absenteeism. Studies have shown that companieswith in-house childcare programs see fewer absences among their employees who are parents than companies without such programs. Therefore, many companies could boost their productivity by starting in-house childcare programs.　 Which of the following, if true, most weakens the above argument?
    A

    Companies that reimburse outside childcare programs actually see less absenteeism among working parents than companies within·house programs.

    B

    In-house childcare programs create distractions for nonparents that cart harm their productivity.

    C

    Absenteeism is not a serious problem for companies that impose harsh penalties on employees who miss work.

    D

    Studies have shown that employees with children are more likely than those without children to remain in the same job for more than five years.

    E

    Potential employees generally view companies with in-house childcare programs as more desirable places to work than companies without such programs.


    正确答案： B
    解析：
    推断中提到，育儿项目帮助有孩子的家长解决了后顾之忧，提高了生产率，B项提出了育儿项目的缺点，这些缺点会使公司生产率降低，故本题选B项。

  • 第13题：

    40 For every situation, several methods usually exist for effective communication to take place. Which of the following is least likely to be used for explaining to the team project planning guidelines?

    A. project office memo

    B. project office directive

    C. project team meeting

    D. formal report

    E.counseling sessions


    正确答案：D

  • 第14题：

    114 History has shown that project managers can be trained in a combination of ways. Which method is usually preferred by most companies?

    A. Experiential learning, on-the-job

    B. Formal education and special course (degreed programs)

    C. Professional activities, seminars

    D. Individual readings

    E. None of the above


    正确答案：A

  • 第15题：

    Most companies expect IT (Information Technology) managers to head an IT staff of computer technicians. But IT managers can also specialize in other areas. Some managers may also be responsible for keeping their company’s Internet safety. They protect both their company and their online customers from thieves.

    Other managers focus more on the business rather than the technical part of computing. They become project managers, helping companies reach as many online customers as possible.

    Some companies also look for IT managers who can act as trainers. These trainers help a company’s computer technicians keep up-to-date on computer skills.

    Most companies require their IT managers to have both a bachelor’s degree and some experience in the computer field. Often, companies hire IT managers out of their existing staff of computer technicians.

    Since IT managers are extremely important to companies’ success, it’s no surprise that they receive such high salaries – around US $56,000 a year to start with. And, in such a fast-changing field,

    managers’ salaries usually increase after only a couple of years.

    The world will be watching to see just how quickly e-commerce replaces the old ways of doing business. And as computers change the way the world does business, IT managers will be in the middle of it all. Few companies can survive without them.

    Besides being the leader of computer technicians, IT managers are also expected to be ________.

    (A) experienced product designers

    (B) skilled online technicians

    (C) doctorate holders

    (D) online safety specialists


    正确答案：D

  • 第16题：

    which of the following activities is most appealing to children? ()

    A. Reciting texts.

    B. Formal grammar instruction.

    C. Cross-word puzzle.

    D. Role-play.


    正确答案是:D

  • 第17题：

    Passage 2
    Teacher education provided by U．S． colleges and universities has been routinely criticized sinceits inception in the early nineteenth century, sometimes deservedly． These programs, likenon-university programs, are uneven in quality and can be improved． What makes today′ s criticismsdifferent is an aggressive effort by advocacy groups, and self-proclaimed educational entrepreneursto deregulate the preparation of teachers, and to expand independent, alternative routes intoteaching．
    This effort to "disrupt" the field of teacher preparation in the United States has gainedconsiderable momentum and legitimacy, with venture capitalists, philanthropy, and the U．S．
    Department of Education all providing sponsorship and substantial funding．
    The strength of this effort is that the United States may quickly seek to dismantle its universitysystem and replace much of it with independent, private programs． The resulting system of teacherpreparation may differ dramatically in its government, structure, content, and processes movingaway from its current location alongside legal, medical, and other professional preparation that pairsacademic degrees with professional training．
    Throughout the nation, states are reporting teacher shortages in particular subject areas andgeographical locations, and several states have either passed legislation to lower the standards forbecoming a teacher or, like the state of Washington, have looked toward expanding the number ofteacher education providers to try to fill teaching vacancies． The federal government has contributedto the push to lower standards for becoming a teacher with the Teacher Preparation Academy
    provision in the new K-12 education law, the Every Student Succeeds Act, which encourages statesto expand the number of independent programs not associated with colleges and universities．
    Because of the increasing tuition rates, a consequence in part, of cuts in funding to publicuniversities that continue to educate most U．S． teachers, enrollments in college and universityteacher education programs have declined in many parts of the country． Independent teachereducation programs are being viewed by some as an important part of the solution in staffing thenation′s classrooms and addressing our serious and enduring problems in education inequities．
    Additionally, advocacy groups, philanthropists, and so-called education entrepreneurs are workingaggressively to expand these independent alternative routes into teaching．
    Given the seriousness of the teacher shortage problem in the United States and the substantialmedia attention that has been given to independent teacher education programs as the solution toteacher shortages and education inequities, policy makers should very carefully examine theevidence that exists about the nature and impact of these relatively new programs that are rapidlyexpanding while university teacher education enrollments decline．
    What can be inferred from Paragraph 3


    A.The university system of the United States will completely collapse．

    B.The university system of the United States will be totally restructured．

    C.The new teacher education programs may not grant students academic degrees in the future．

    D.The new teacher education programs will follow the usual practice of other professionalpreparation．

    答案：D
    解析：
    推断题。根据第三段末尾“The resulting system ofteacher preparation may differdramatically in…moving away from its current location alongside legal，medical，and other professional preparation”可推断出，新的师范教育项目会遵照其他职业教育的惯例，D项正确。A项“美国的高等教育系统会完全瓦解”，该说法过于绝对。B项“美国高等教育系统将会被完全调整”，根据第三段第一句中“theUnited Statesmayquickly seek to dismantle its university system and replace much of it with independent，private programs”可知，只是大部分会被调整，而不是完全调整。C项“未来私立师范项目将不会为师范学生颁发学位证书”，文中未提及。故选D。

  • 第18题：

    Passage 2
    Teacher education provided by U．S． colleges and universities has been routinely criticized sinceits inception in the early nineteenth century, sometimes deservedly． These programs, likenon-university programs, are uneven in quality and can be improved． What makes today′ s criticismsdifferent is an aggressive effort by advocacy groups, and self-proclaimed educational entrepreneursto deregulate the preparation of teachers, and to expand independent, alternative routes intoteaching．
    This effort to "disrupt" the field of teacher preparation in the United States has gainedconsiderable momentum and legitimacy, with venture capitalists, philanthropy, and the U．S．
    Department of Education all providing sponsorship and substantial funding．
    The strength of this effort is that the United States may quickly seek to dismantle its universitysystem and replace much of it with independent, private programs． The resulting system of teacherpreparation may differ dramatically in its government, structure, content, and processes movingaway from its current location alongside legal, medical, and other professional preparation that pairsacademic degrees with professional training．
    Throughout the nation, states are reporting teacher shortages in particular subject areas andgeographical locations, and several states have either passed legislation to lower the standards forbecoming a teacher or, like the state of Washington, have looked toward expanding the number ofteacher education providers to try to fill teaching vacancies． The federal government has contributedto the push to lower standards for becoming a teacher with the Teacher Preparation Academy
    provision in the new K-12 education law, the Every Student Succeeds Act, which encourages statesto expand the number of independent programs not associated with colleges and universities．
    Because of the increasing tuition rates, a consequence in part, of cuts in funding to publicuniversities that continue to educate most U．S． teachers, enrollments in college and universityteacher education programs have declined in many parts of the country． Independent teachereducation programs are being viewed by some as an important part of the solution in staffing thenation′s classrooms and addressing our serious and enduring problems in education inequities．
    Additionally, advocacy groups, philanthropists, and so-called education entrepreneurs are workingaggressively to expand these independent alternative routes into teaching．
    Given the seriousness of the teacher shortage problem in the United States and the substantialmedia attention that has been given to independent teacher education programs as the solution toteacher shortages and education inequities, policy makers should very carefully examine theevidence that exists about the nature and impact of these relatively new programs that are rapidlyexpanding while university teacher education enrollments decline．
    Which of the following is true of the independent teacher education programs


    A.They are initiated to deal with teacher shortages and education inequities．

    B.They aimed to raise the standards of teacher education programs．

    C.They compete with the university teacher education programs．

    D.They can replace the university teacher education programs．

    答案：A
    解析：
    细节题。根据最后一段中的“Giventhe seriousness oftheteacher shortage problemintheUnited States and the substantial media attention that has been given to independent teacher education programs as thesolution to teacher shortages and education inequities”可知。由于美国教师短缺的严重问题，还有大量媒体对于私立师范教育的关注．私立师范教育被认为是解决师资短缺和教育不公的方法。故选A。

  • 第19题：

    Passage 2
    Teacher education provided by U．S． colleges and universities has been routinely criticized sinceits inception in the early nineteenth century, sometimes deservedly． These programs, likenon-university programs, are uneven in quality and can be improved． What makes today′ s criticismsdifferent is an aggressive effort by advocacy groups, and self-proclaimed educational entrepreneursto deregulate the preparation of teachers, and to expand independent, alternative routes intoteaching．
    This effort to "disrupt" the field of teacher preparation in the United States has gainedconsiderable momentum and legitimacy, with venture capitalists, philanthropy, and the U．S．
    Department of Education all providing sponsorship and substantial funding．
    The strength of this effort is that the United States may quickly seek to dismantle its universitysystem and replace much of it with independent, private programs． The resulting system of teacherpreparation may differ dramatically in its government, structure, content, and processes movingaway from its current location alongside legal, medical, and other professional preparation that pairsacademic degrees with professional training．
    Throughout the nation, states are reporting teacher shortages in particular subject areas andgeographical locations, and several states have either passed legislation to lower the standards forbecoming a teacher or, like the state of Washington, have looked toward expanding the number ofteacher education providers to try to fill teaching vacancies． The federal government has contributedto the push to lower standards for becoming a teacher with the Teacher Preparation Academy
    provision in the new K-12 education law, the Every Student Succeeds Act, which encourages statesto expand the number of independent programs not associated with colleges and universities．
    Because of the increasing tuition rates, a consequence in part, of cuts in funding to publicuniversities that continue to educate most U．S． teachers, enrollments in college and universityteacher education programs have declined in many parts of the country． Independent teachereducation programs are being viewed by some as an important part of the solution in staffing thenation′s classrooms and addressing our serious and enduring problems in education inequities．
    Additionally, advocacy groups, philanthropists, and so-called education entrepreneurs are workingaggressively to expand these independent alternative routes into teaching．
    Given the seriousness of the teacher shortage problem in the United States and the substantialmedia attention that has been given to independent teacher education programs as the solution toteacher shortages and education inequities, policy makers should very carefully examine theevidence that exists about the nature and impact of these relatively new programs that are rapidlyexpanding while university teacher education enrollments decline．
    Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word"momentum" inParagraph 2


    A.Moment．

    B.Motive．

    C.Achievement．

    D.Incentive．

    答案：D
    解析：
    词义题。momentum意为“势头，动力，冲力”。根据momentum后面的句子“…withventure capitalists，philanthropy，and the U．S．Department of Education all providing sponsorship and substantialfunding”可知，风险资本家、慈善事业及教育部提供的资金援助推动了美国在师资培养领域所做的努力。moment“时刻”，motive“动机”．achievement“成就，成绩”，incentive“动机，刺激”。故选D。

  • 第20题：

    A critical path for a project is the series of activities that determine（ ）by which the project can be completed.

    A.the earliest time
    B.the latest time
    C.the total time
    D.the free time

    答案：A
    解析：
    翻译：关键路径通常由一系列决定项目工期的活动组成，它们决定了整个项目的（ ）。A．最早完成时间 B．最迟完成时间 C．总时间 D．自由时间

  • 第21题：

    The theory of learning underlying the Grammar-Translation Method was Faculty Psychology. The Faculty Psychologists believed that the mind of human beings had various faculties which could be trained separately.（）

    A对

    B错


    对
    略

  • 第22题：

    问答题
    Passage 7　　● Read the text about career-planning services.　　● Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.　　● For each gap 9-14, mark one letter(A-H)on your Answer Sheet.　　● Do not use any letter more than once.　　● There is an example at the beginning (0).Real Training for All-Action Managers　　Learning by doing is familiar to every manager sent on a training course. Invariably this involves role-play based on studies of long-ago triumphs and disasters from a relevant industry or organization. The problem is, any experience of decision-making gained from role-play has one obvious shortcoming: it is not real life.　　To tackle this dilemma, some of the best-known companies have set up the International Management Development Consortium, which provides a range of executive development programmes for staff members. (9)______. What this means is that they involve “action learning” through real-life situations, and participants work as problem-solving consultants on projects within companies engaged in day-to-day business.　　(10)______. Within this they also take training and refresher courses in traditional business skills such as finance, marketing, staff management and strategic planning. These disciplines are taught by a mix of academics, business people and senior managers from Consortium companies who also monitor the consultancy work.　　(11)______. Generally, those who choose to attend the course come from various countries, reflecting the multi-national nature of companies within the Consortium. (12)______. As a result of this cross-cultural exchange, the people on the course learn a great deal from each other—and often keep in contact on a professional level long after the end of their course.　　The Consortium says language difficulties are not a problem when consultancies are undertaken for foreign companies on site. A translator is on hand to deal with difficulties which arise from technical terms or jargon.　　(13)______. This is because they are not charged consultancy fees, although a nominal sum is payable for administration. The funding for the scheme is provided by each Consortium member who contributes to the cost of running the training courses, and the amount involved is considerably less than fees charged by leading business schools, (14)______. “it is,” says the Chairman, “a real learning experience with techniques that can easily be used back at work. ”　　A. They are being offered by companies who are aware of the benefits of the range of knowledge offered by the people on the course.　　B. As well as the savings, there are also the dividends it pays in the form of improved staff performance.　　C. The difference between these programmes and the average executive course, however, is that these courses are based on the concept of “live” consultancy.　　D. In this way, participants can also benchmark themselves against the best members from a range of Consortium companies.　　E. This means that within every training group there will be a wide variety of experience, which is discussed and explored by the group.　　F. Typically, groups of up to six course members undertake projects as part of this development programme.　　G. Another major adHigher is that these companies usually get their problems solved very cheaply.　　H. Managers are typically cast as key figures in these dramas; the comparisons are made later between how they dealt with the fictional situation and the actual event.

    正确答案： 9.C 此空前一句提到许多知名公司设立了“国际管理发展研究会”并为成员们提供广泛的培训项目。选项C提出“these programmes”与一般的行政管理课程的不同。符合上下文。
    10.F 该空后一句指出“Within this they also take training and refresher courses…”,“this”与选项F中的“development programme”指代相同,前后连贯。
    11.A 前一段提到许多参加培训课程的学员也同时参加了部分课题的研究工作,选项A对这些研究项目进行讨论。起到承接上文的作用。
    12.E 前一句提到那些选择参加课题培训的学员来自不同的国家,而后一句“As a result of this cross-cultural exchange…”。故空缺处应该指出来自不同国家成员的交流。
    13.G 前面一段提到在培训课上由各公司学员们的跨文化背景所带来的一项好处。选项G提到“Another major adHigher…”。则对另一个优点进行介绍。
    14.D 空缺处后一句指出“It’s a real learning experience with techniques that can easily be used back at work. ”。选项D则指出培训参加者们还能向研究会中的许多最好的成员学习,研究并改善自己公司的状况。符合上下文。
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第23题：

    单选题
    Passage 2 请阅读Passage 2，完成第26-30小题。 Passage 2 Teacher education provided by U．S． colleges and universities has been routinely criticized since its inception in the early nineteenth century, sometimes deservedly． These programs, like non-university programs, are uneven in quality and can be improved． What makes today´ s criticisms different is an aggressive effort by advocacy groups, and self-proclaimed educational entrepreneursto deregulate the preparation of teachers, and to expand independent, alternative routes into teaching． This effort to "disrupt" the field of teacher preparation in the United States has gained considerable momentum and legitimacy, with venture capitalists, philanthropy, and the U．S． Department of Education all providing sponsorship and substantial funding． The strength of this effort is that the United States may quickly seek to dismantle its university system and replace much of it with independent, private programs． The resulting system of teacher preparation may differ dramatically in its government, structure, content, and processes moving away from its current location alongside legal, medical, and other professional preparation that pairs academic degrees with professional training． Throughout the nation, states are reporting teacher shortages in particular subject areas and geographical locations, and several states have either passed legislation to lower the standards for becoming a teacher or, like the state of Washington, have looked toward expanding the number of teacher education providers to try to fill teaching vacancies． The federal government has contributed to the push to lower standards for becoming a teacher with the Teacher Preparation Academy provision in the new K-12 education law, the Every Student Succeeds Act, which encourages states to expand the number of independent programs not associated with colleges and universities． Because of the increasing tuition rates, a consequence in part, of cuts in funding to public universities that continue to educate most U．S． teachers, enrollments in college and university teacher education programs have declined in many parts of the country． Independent teacher education programs are being viewed by some as an important part of the solution in staffing the nation´s classrooms and addressing our serious and enduring problems in education inequities． Additionally, advocacy groups, philanthropists, and so-called education entrepreneurs are working aggressively to expand these independent alternative routes into teaching． Given the seriousness of the teacher shortage problem in the United States and the substantial media attention that has been given to independent teacher education programs as the solution to teacher shortages and education inequities, policy makers should very carefully examine the evidence that exists about the nature and impact of these relatively new programs that are rapidly expanding while university teacher education enrollments decline．What can be inferred from Paragraph 1 about criticisms against teacher education?
    A

    The criticisms have been increasing．

    B

    The criticisms may not be well justified sometimes．

    C

    The criticisms mainly focus on the quality of non-university programs．

    D

    The criticisms usually come from advocacy groups and so-called educational entrepreneurs．


    正确答案： C
    解析：

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