判断题The speaker says that a total of 17 people in China’s Shanxi Province have died from encephalitis B which is an inflammation of the brain that occurs under the age of 18 and is usually infected with mosquitoes.A 对B 错

共用题干
第二篇

Sleep Lets Brain File Memories

To sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating（散发）from the somatosensory（耳、目、口等以外的）neocortex（新大脑皮层）(an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus（海马）,which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.
A second study,also published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes（糖尿病，多尿症）suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans（细看，审视，浏览，扫描）and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition,their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
" Our study suggests that this impairment（损害、损伤）may contribute to the memory deficits （赤字、不足额）that occur as people age."Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition."Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check（阻止、制止）,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.

What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance,as is indicated by a research mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A:People with poor memory have high glucose tolerance.
B:People with good memory have low glucose tolerance.
C:Memory level has nothing to do with glucose tolerance.
D:The poorer the memory,the poorer glucose tolerance.

共用题干
第二篇

Sleep Lets Brain File Memories

To sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating（散发）from the somatosensory（耳、目、口等以外的）neocortex（新大脑皮层）(an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus（海马）,which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.
A second study,also published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes（糖尿病，多尿症）suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans（细看，审视，浏览，扫描）and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition,their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
" Our study suggests that this impairment（损害、损伤）may contribute to the memory deficits （赤字、不足额）that occur as people age."Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition."Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check（阻止、制止）,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.

In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage?
A:There is no relation between memory and hippocampus shrinkage.
B:The more hippocampus shrinks,the poorer one's memory.
C:The more hippocampus shrinks,the better one's memory.
D:The less hippocampus shrinks,the poorer one's memory.

If you want to stay young,sit down and have a good think．This is the research result of professor Faulkner,who says that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and as a result,we are ageing unnecessarily soon.
Professor Faulkner wanted to find out why healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and to reason at a relatively early age,and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.
He set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and occupations．
Computer technology enabled him to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain,which relate to intelligence and emotion,and determine the human character．
Contraction of front and side parts--as cells die off--was observed in some subjects in their thirties,but it was still not evident in some sixty-and seventy-year-olds.
Faulkner concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to slow the contraction—using the head.
The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns．Those least at risk,says Faulkner,are lawyers,followed by university professors and doctors．White--collar workers doing routine work are,however,as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker,bus driver and shop assistant.
Faulkner's findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking．Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need．"The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,"he says．"Think hard and engage in conversation．Don't rely on pocket calculators."

According to the passage,which group of people seem to age slower than the others?

A.Farmer
B.Lawyer
C.Clerk
D.Shop assistant

If you want to stay young,sit down and have a good think．This is the research result of professor Faulkner,who says that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and as a result,we are ageing unnecessarily soon.
Professor Faulkner wanted to find out why healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and to reason at a relatively early age,and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.
He set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and occupations．
Computer technology enabled him to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain,which relate to intelligence and emotion,and determine the human character．
Contraction of front and side parts--as cells die off--was observed in some subjects in their thirties,but it was still not evident in some sixty-and seventy-year-olds.
Faulkner concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to slow the contraction—using the head.
The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns．Those least at risk,says Faulkner,are lawyers,followed by university professors and doctors．White--collar workers doing routine work are,however,as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker,bus driver and shop assistant.
Faulkner's findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking．Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need．"The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,"he says．"Think hard and engage in conversation．Don't rely on pocket calculators."

The professor's tests show that__.

A.our brains shrink as we grow old
B.the front section of the brain does not shrink
C.seventy-year-olds have better brains than sixty-year-olds
D.brain contraction may vary among people of the same age

共用题干
Sleep Lets Brain File Memories
To sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science further support the theory that brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice.Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating from the somatosensory neocortex(an area that processes sensory information)and the hippocampus,which is a center for learning and memory.The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles(bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.
A second study,also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose level.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests,brain scans and glucose tolerance tests,which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's issues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
"Our study suggests that this impairment may contribute to the memory deficits that occur as people age,"Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age一associated problems in cognition?”Exercise and weights control can help keep glucose level in check,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.

In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage.
A:There is no relation between memory and hippocampus shrinkage.
B:The more hippocampus shrinks,the poorer one's memory.
C:The more hippocampus shrinks,the better one's memory.
D:The less hippocampus shrinks,the poorer one's memory.

共用题干
Sleep Lets Brain File Memories
To sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science further support the theory that brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice.Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating from the somatosensory neocortex(an area that processes sensory information)and the hippocampus,which is a center for learning and memory.The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles(bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.
A second study,also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose level.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests,brain scans and glucose tolerance tests,which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's issues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
"Our study suggests that this impairment may contribute to the memory deficits that occur as people age,"Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age一associated problems in cognition?”Exercise and weights control can help keep glucose level in check,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.

What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University?
A:The electrical activity is emanating from the somatosensory neocortex.
B:Oscillations in brain waves are from hippocampus.
C:Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation.
D:Somatosensory neocortex plays a primary role in memory consolidation.

共用题干
Sleep Lets Brain File Memories
To sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science further support the theory that brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice.Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating from the somatosensory neocortex(an area that processes sensory information)and the hippocampus,which is a center for learning and memory.The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles(bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.
A second study,also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose level.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests,brain scans and glucose tolerance tests,which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's issues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
"Our study suggests that this impairment may contribute to the memory deficits that occur as people age,"Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age一associated problems in cognition?”Exercise and weights control can help keep glucose level in check,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.

What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance,as is indicated by a research mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A:People with poor memory have high glucose tolerance.
B:People with good memory have low glucose tolerance.
C:Memory level has nothing to do with glucose tolerance.
D:The poorer the memory,the poorer the glucose tolerance.

Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey.
Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills ) , while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects).
Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline ( 衰退) people experience as they age, but the results have been mixed.
Some studies found more age-related decline in men than in women, while others saw the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline．Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people, and women live longer than men: The men tested are the survivors, "so they're the ones that may not have shown such cognitive decline," said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in England.
People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex-related cognitive skills: matching an object to its rotated form, matching lines shown from the same angle, typing as many words in a particular category (范畴) as possible in the given time, e.g．"object usually colored gray", and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing．The first two were tasks at which men usually excel; the latter were typically dominated by women.
Within each age group studied, men and women performed better in their separate categories on average．And though performance declined with age for both genders, women showed obviously less decline than men overall.
According to the passage, which of the following can NOT be typed into the same category?

A.clouD.
B.sheep
C.trees
D.goose

Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey.
Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills ) , while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects).
Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline ( 衰退) people experience as they age, but the results have been mixed.
Some studies found more age-related decline in men than in women, while others saw the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline．Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people, and women live longer than men: The men tested are the survivors, "so they're the ones that may not have shown such cognitive decline," said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in England.
People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex-related cognitive skills: matching an object to its rotated form, matching lines shown from the same angle, typing as many words in a particular category (范畴) as possible in the given time, e.g．"object usually colored gray", and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing．The first two were tasks at which men usually excel; the latter were typically dominated by women.
Within each age group studied, men and women performed better in their separate categories on average．And though performance declined with age for both genders, women showed obviously less decline than men overall.
One important factor that affects the correctness of the results is that__________ .

A.the old men tested may not have shown such cognitive decline
B.people surveyed are all olD.
C.people taking part in this test came from all over the worlD.
D.women live longer than men

共用题干
1.If you want to stay young,sit down and have a good think.This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors,who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise一and as a result,we are ageing unnecessarily soon.
2.Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age,and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.
3.With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University,he set about measuring brain yolumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.
4.Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect（智能）and emotion, and determine the human character. The rear section of the brain,which controls functions like eating and breathing,does not contract with age,and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.
5.Contraction of front and side parts一as cells die off —was observed in some subjects in their thirties,but it was still not evident in some sixty-and seventy-year-olds.
6.Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age一using the head.
7.The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.Those least at risk,says Matsuzawa,are lawyers,followed by university professors and doctors.White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are,however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker,bus driver and shop assistant.
8.Matsuzawa's findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need."The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,"he says,"Think hard and engage in conversation.Don't rely on pocket calculators."

Paragraph 1________
A:Thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking.
B:The reason why people are aging.
C:Scientists have worked out a way to keep people healthy.
D:Computer technology.
E:The different time of brain contraction between people in the country and in the towns.
F: Measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain.

共用题干
第二篇

Sleep Lets Brain File Memories

To sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating（散发）from the somatosensory（耳、目、口等以外的）neocortex（新大脑皮层）(an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus（海马）,which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.
A second study,also published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes（糖尿病，多尿症）suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans（细看，审视，浏览，扫描）and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition,their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
" Our study suggests that this impairment（损害、损伤）may contribute to the memory deficits （赤字、不足额）that occur as people age."Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition."Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check（阻止、制止）,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.

Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence"To sleep.Perchance to file?"
A:Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep?
B:Does brain have memories when one is sleeping?
C:Does brain remember files after one falls asleep?
D:Does brain work on files in sleep?

共用题干
第二篇

Sleep Lets Brain File Memories

To sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating（散发）from the somatosensory（耳、目、口等以外的）neocortex（新大脑皮层）(an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus（海马）,which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.
A second study,also published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes（糖尿病，多尿症）suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans（细看，审视，浏览，扫描）and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition,their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
" Our study suggests that this impairment（损害、损伤）may contribute to the memory deficits （赤字、不足额）that occur as people age."Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition."Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check（阻止、制止）,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.

What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University?
A:The electrical activity is emanating from the somatosensory neocortex.
B:Oscillations in brain waves are from hippocampus.
C:Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation.
D:Somatosensory neocortex plays a primary role in memory consolidation.

If you want to stay young,sit down and have a good think．This is the research result of professor Faulkner,who says that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and as a result,we are ageing unnecessarily soon.
Professor Faulkner wanted to find out why healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and to reason at a relatively early age,and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.
He set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and occupations．
Computer technology enabled him to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain,which relate to intelligence and emotion,and determine the human character．
Contraction of front and side parts--as cells die off--was observed in some subjects in their thirties,but it was still not evident in some sixty-and seventy-year-olds.
Faulkner concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to slow the contraction—using the head.
The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns．Those least at risk,says Faulkner,are lawyers,followed by university professors and doctors．White--collar workers doing routine work are,however,as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker,bus driver and shop assistant.
Faulkner's findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking．Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need．"The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,"he says．"Think hard and engage in conversation．Don't rely on pocket calculators."

Professor Faulkner wanted to find out__．

A.how people's brains shrink
B.the way of making people live longer
C.the size of certain people's brains
D.why certain people aged sooner than others

In the 20th century the planet's population'doubled twice.It will not double even once in the 1 century,because birth rates in much of the world have 2 steeply.But the number of people over 65 is set to 3 within just 25 years.This shift in the structure of the population is not as momentous as the 4 that came before.But it is more than enough to reshape the world economy.5 the UN's population 6,the standard source for demographic estimates,there are around 600m people aged 65 0r older 7 today.That is in itself remarkable;the author Fred Pearce claims it is 8 that half of all the humans who have ever been over 65 are alive today.But 9 a share of the total population,at 8%,it is not that 10 to what it was a few decades ago.By 2035,11,more than l.1 billion people-13%of the population-will be above the age of 65.This is a 12 result of the dropping birth rates that are slowing overall population growth;they mean there are 13 fewer younS people around.The"old-age dependency ratio"-the ratio of old people to those of working age-will 14 even faster.In 2010 the world had 16 people aged 65 and over for every 100 aduILs between the ages of 25 and 64,15 the same raLio it had in 1980.By 2035 the UN 16 that number to have risen to 26.In rich countries it will be much higher.Japan will have 69 0ld people for every 100 0f working age by 2035,Germany 66.17 America,which has a relaLively high 18 rate,will see its old-age dependency rate rise by more than 70%,t0 44.Developing counLries,19 today's ratio is much lower,will not see absolute levels rise that high;20 the proportional growth will be higher.Over the same time period the old-age dependency rate in China will more than double from 15 t0 36.Latin America wiU see a shift from 14 to 27.19选？

A.which
B.there
C.where
D.that

共用题干
Sleep Lets Brain File Memories
To sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science further support the theory that brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice.Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating from the somatosensory neocortex(an area that processes sensory information)and the hippocampus,which is a center for learning and memory.The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles(bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.
A second study,also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose level.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests,brain scans and glucose tolerance tests,which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's issues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
"Our study suggests that this impairment may contribute to the memory deficits that occur as people age,"Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age一associated problems in cognition?”Exercise and weights control can help keep glucose level in check,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.

Which of the following statements is the nearest in meaning to the sentence"To sleep.Perchance to file?"
A:Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep?
B:Does brain have memories when one is sleeping?
C:Does brain remember files after one falls asleep?
D:Does brain work on files in sleep?

共用题干
第二篇

Sleep Lets Brain File Memories

To sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Science further support the theory that brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day
while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and
mice.Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating from the somatosensory neocortex(an area
that processes sensory information)and the hippocampus,which is a center for learning and memory.The
scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep
spindles(bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the
hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key
step in memory consolidation.
A second study,also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose level.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems.In
the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30
people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect
memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests,brain scans and glucose tolerance
tests,which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's issues.Subjects with the
poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition,
their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb
blood sugar.
"Our study suggests that this impairment may contribute to the memory deficits that occur as people
age,"Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse
some age-associated problems in cognition."Exercise and weights control can help keep glucose level in
check,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.

According to the last paragraph,what is the ultimate reason for going to the gym?
A:To prevent hippocampus shrinkage.
B:To control weight.
C:To exercise.
D:To control glucose levels.

Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey.
Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills ) , while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects).
Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline ( 衰退) people experience as they age, but the results have been mixed.
Some studies found more age-related decline in men than in women, while others saw the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline．Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people, and women live longer than men: The men tested are the survivors, "so they're the ones that may not have shown such cognitive decline," said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in England.
People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex-related cognitive skills: matching an object to its rotated form, matching lines shown from the same angle, typing as many words in a particular category (范畴) as possible in the given time, e.g．"object usually colored gray", and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing．The first two were tasks at which men usually excel; the latter were typically dominated by women.
Within each age group studied, men and women performed better in their separate categories on average．And though performance declined with age for both genders, women showed obviously less decline than men overall.
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?

A.Men do better than women when it comes to learning English.
B.Women stand out at remembering people's names.
C.Men excel at typing as many words in a particular category as possible in the given time.
D.Women excel at dealing mathematic problems.

It’s one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has never seen a cat before, it is still able to detect chemical signals released from it and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wired into a mouse’ s brain.
But now Wendy Ingram, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, has challenged this common sense. She has found a way to “cure” mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite, reported the science journal Nature.
The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the shocking fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans, especially pregnant women—it is linked to blindness and the death of unborn babies.
However, the parasite’s effects on mice are unique. Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat's urine (尿) before and after it was infected by the parasite. They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the test area.
But that's not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally thought—even after researchers cured the mice of the infection. They no longer reacted with fear to a cat's smell, which could indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice's brains.
Why does a parasite change a mouse's brain instead of making it sick like it does to humans The answer lies in evolution.
“It’s exciting scary to know how a parasite can manipulate a mouse's brain this way,"Ingram said. But she also finds it inspiring. "Typically if you have a bacterial infection, you go to a doctor and take antibiotics and the infection is cleared and you expect all the symptoms to also go away,” she said, but this study has proven that wrong. “This may have huge implications for infectious disease medicine."

Which of the following statements is true according to the passage 查看材料

A.Toxoplasma gondii causes people strange and deadly diseases.
B.With certain infection the infectious disease cannot be cured completely.
C.Human beings infected by toxoplasma gondii will have permanent brain damage.
D.Toxoplasma gondii is harmful to human beings, but it does no harm to mice.

The indigenous people in Australia are( )，which have 2.2% of the total population in 2001.

A.aborigines
B.Maoris
C.Cherokees
D.people from India